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INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY

Year 2023, Volume: 34 Issue: 3, 284 - 293, 19.12.2023

Hikmet Uçgun Elif Kodaz Kübra Arslan Nisa Nur Soysal Selen Genç Sümeyya Betül Güneş Buket Akıncı

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178637

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare kinesiophobia and quality of life in older adults among subgroups created according to persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms and frailty.
Methods: This study included 63 adults over the age of 65 with COVID-19.. Frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) was used to assess the kinesiophobia and The World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD) was used to assess quality of life.
Results: The TSK score was significantly higher in the visibly frail and frail group than in the non-frail group (p=0.040). The TSK score was also significantly higher in the group with at least one persistent symptom after COVID-19 than participants with no persistent symptoms (p=0.008). Among participants with at least one persistent post-COVID-19 symptom, the TSK score was significantly higher in those with persistent dyspnea compared to those without (p=0.016). There was no significant difference in the WHOQOL-OLD scores of any sub-groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that kinesiophobia was affected by the presence of persistent COVID-19 symptoms and dyspnea, and frailty in older adults. In addition, quality of life was found to be independent of frailty and persistent COVID-19 symptoms.

Keywords

Elderly Frailty Post-acute COVID19 Syndrome Quality of Life

References

  • Prem K, Liu Y, Russell TW, Kucharski AJ, Eggo RM, Davies N, et al. The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):261-270.
  • Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Younis K, Desai P, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 2020;2(8):1069-1076.
  • World Health Organization. Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19: how COVID-19 spreads, 19 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020:1-8.
  • Greenhalgh, T., Knight, M., Buxton, M., & Husain, L. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020; 370.
  • NICE N. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188. Accessed; November 19 2023;1-106.
  • Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, Landini MP, Fini M. Post-COVID-19 syndrome: the persistent symptoms at the post-viral stage of the disease. A systematic review of the current data. Front. Med. 2021;8:653516.
  • Tosato M, Carfì A, Martis I, Pais C, Ciciarello F, Rota E, et al. Prevalence and predictors of persistence of COVID-19 symptoms in older adults: a single-center study. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2021;22(9):1840-1844.
  • Woolford S, Sohan O, Dennison E, Cooper C, Patel H. Approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of frailty. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2020;32(9):1629-1637.
  • Kundi H, Çetin EHÖ, Canpolat U, Aras S, Celik O, Ata N, et al. The role of frailty on adverse outcomes among older patients with COVID-19. J. Infect. 2020;81(6):944-951.
  • Woolford S, D’Angelo S, Curtis E, Parsons C, Ward K, Dennison E, et al. COVID-19 and associations with frailty and multimorbidity: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2020;32(9):1897-1905.
  • Pizano-Escalante MG, Anaya-Esparza LM, Nuño K, Rodríguez-Romero JdJ, Gonzalez-Torres S, López-de la Mora DA, et al. Direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 in frail elderly: interventions and recommendations. J. Pers. Med. 2021;11(10):999.
  • Kori S. Kinesiophobia: a new view of chronic pain behavior. Pain Manage. 1990;3:35-43.
  • Atıcı E, Girgin N, Çevik Saldıran T. The effects of social isolation due to COVID‐19 on the fear of movement, falling, and physical activity in older people. Australas. J. Ageing. 2022:407-413.
  • Vardar-Yagli N, Calik-Kutukcu E, Saglam M, Inal-Ince D, Arikan H, Coplu L. The relationship between fear of movement, pain and fatigue severity, dyspnea level and comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disabil. Rehabil. 2019;41(18):2159-2163.
  • Saka S, Gurses HN, Bayram M. Effect of inspiratory muscle training on dyspnea-related kinesiophobia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract. 2021;44:101418.
  • Alpalhão V, Cordeiro N, Pezarat-Correia P. Kinesiophobia and Fear Avoidance in Older Adults: A Scoping Review on the State of Research Activity. J Aging Phys Act. 2022;30(6):1075-1084.
  • Saraiva M, Apolinario D, Avelino-Silva T, de Assis Moura Tavares C, Gattás-Vernaglia I, Marques Fernandes C, et al. The impact of frailty on the relationship between life-space mobility and quality of life in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Nutr. Health Aging. 2021;25(4):440-447.
  • Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005;173(5):489-495.
  • Özsürekci C, Balcı C, Kızılarslanoğlu MC, Çalışkan H, Doğrul RT, Ayçiçek GŞ, et al. An important problem in an aging country: identifying the frailty via 9 Point Clinical Frailty Scale. Acta Clin. Belg. 2019;200-204.
  • Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, Van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62(3):363-72.
  • Yilmaz O, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Ulug N. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Turk. J. Physiother. Rehabil. 2011;22(1):44-49.
  • Power M, Quinn K, Schmidt S. Development of the WHOQOL-old module. Qual. Life Res. 2005;14(10):2197-2214.
  • Eser S, Saatlı G, Eser E, Baydur H, Fıdaner C. The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-Old). Turk. J. Psychiatry. 2010;21(1).
  • Ozel A, Yumin ET, Tug T, Sertel M. Effects of quadriceps muscle strength and kinesiophobia on health related quality of life in elderly women and men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Konuralp Med. J. 2018;10(3):333-340.
  • Nigam Y, Knight J, Bhattacharya S, Bayer A. Physiological changes associated with aging and immobility. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:468469.
  • Arantes PM, Alencar MA, Dias RC, Dias JMD, Pereira LS. Physical therapy treatment on frailty syndrome: systematic review. Braz. J. Phys. Ther. 2009;13:365-75.
  • Berg-Weger M, Morley JE. Editorial: Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work. J Nutr. Health Aging. 2020;24(5):456-458.
  • Mishra R, Park C, York MK, Kunik ME, Wung SF, Naik AD, Najafi B. Decrease in Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Association with Increase in Depression among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Remote Mobility Monitoring Using a Wearable Sensor. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(9):3090.
  • Goswami N. Falls and Fall-Prevention in Older Persons: Geriatrics Meets Spaceflight! Front Physiol. 2017;8:603.
  • Ahangari A, Abdolrahmani M. Kinesiophobia dilemma for older adults: A systematic review. Geriatr. Care. 2020;6(3).
  • Venkatesan P. NICE guideline on long COVID. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021;9(2):129.
  • Wu X, Liu X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Li R, Zhan Q, Ni F, Fang S, Lu Y, Ding X, Liu H, Ewing RM, Jones MG, Hu Y, Nie H, Wang Y. 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(7):747-754.
  • Luque-Suarez A, Martinez-Calderon J, Falla D. Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Br. J. Sports Med. 2019;53(9):554-559.
  • Meulders A. From fear of movement-related pain and avoidance to chronic pain disability: a state-of-the-art review. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 2019;26:130-6.
  • Banzett RB, Moosavi SH. Dyspnea and pain: similarities and contrasts between two very unpleasant sensations. APS Bulletin. 2001;11(1):1-6.
  • Kahraman BO, Ozsoy I, Tanriverdi A, Acar S, Alpaydın AO, Sevinc C, et al. The relationship between kinesiophobia, dyspnea level, functional exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2020; 56: Suppl. 64, 2463.
  • Mankar SV, Rayas RV, Ashok KS, Parag KS. Correlation between dyspnea-related kinesiophobia and activity limitation in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2022;11(1):20.
  • Larsson, C., Ekvall Hansson, E., Sundquist, K., & Jakobsson, U. Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain. BMC Geriatr. 2016; 16(1), 1-7.
  • Kocjan J, Knapik A. Barriers of physical activity (kinesiophobia) in patients subjected to cardiac rehabilitation. Balt. J. Health. Phys. Act. 2014; 6(4): 291-297.
  • Kojima G, Iliffe S, Jivraj S, Walters K. Association between frailty and quality of life among community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Epidemiol Community Health. 2016;70(7):716-21.
  • Crocker TF, Brown L, Clegg A, Farley K, Franklin M, Simpkins S, et al. Quality of life is substantially worse for community-dwelling older people living with frailty: systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual. Life Res. 2019;28(8):2041-2056.
  • Garrigues E, Janvier P, Kherabi Y, Le Bot A, Hamon A, Gouze H, et al. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. J. Infect. 2020;81(6):e4-e6.
  • Malik P, Patel K, Pinto C, Jaiswal R, Tirupathi R, Pillai S, et al. Post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)—A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J. Med. Virol. 2022;94(1):253-262.

YAŞLI YETİŞKİNLERDE COVID-19 SONRASI KALICI SEMPTOMLAR, KIRILGANLIK, KİNEZYOFOBİ VE YAŞAM KALİTESİNİN İNCELENMESİ: GÖZLEMSEL KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2023, Volume: 34 Issue: 3, 284 - 293, 19.12.2023

Hikmet Uçgun Elif Kodaz Kübra Arslan Nisa Nur Soysal Selen Genç Sümeyya Betül Güneş Buket Akıncı

https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178637

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaşlı yetişkinlerde kinezyofobi ve yaşam kalitesinin COVID-19 sonrası kalıcı semptomlara ve kırılganlığa göre oluşturulan alt gruplar arasında karşılaştırılmasıydı.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya 65 yaşın üzerinde, COVID-19’lu 63 yetişkin dahil edildi. Kırılganlık, Klinik Kırılganlık Skalası (KKS) ile değerlendirildi. Tampa Kinezyofobi Skalası (TKS) kinezyofobiyi değerlendirmek için ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Enstrümanı-Yaşlı Yetişkinler Modülü (DSÖYKE-YYM) yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için kullanıldı.
Sonuçlar: TKS skoru görünürde kırılgan ve kırılgan olan grupta kırılgan olmayan gruba kıyasla anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti (p=0,040). TKS skoru ayrıca, COVID-19 sonrası en az bir kalıcı semptomu olan grupta hiç semptomu olmayan gruba kıyasla anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti (p=0,008). COVID-19 sonrası en az bir kalıcı semptomu olan grup içerisinde TKS skoru kalıcı dispnesi olanlarda olmayanlara kıyasla anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti (p=0,016). DSÖYKE-YYM skorunda hiçbir alt grup arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05).
Tartışma: Çalışmanın sonuçları, COVID-19'lu yaşlı bireylerde kinezyofobinin COVID-19 sonrası kalıcı semptom ve nefes darlığı varlığı ile kırılganlıktan etkilendiğini gösterdi. Ayrıca yaşam kalitesinin, kırılganlık ve COVID-19 sonrası kalıcı semptomlardan bağımsız olduğu bulundu.

Keywords

Yaşlı Kırılganlık Post-akut COVID 19 Sendromu Yaşam Kalitesi

References

  • Prem K, Liu Y, Russell TW, Kucharski AJ, Eggo RM, Davies N, et al. The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):261-270.
  • Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Younis K, Desai P, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 2020;2(8):1069-1076.
  • World Health Organization. Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19: how COVID-19 spreads, 19 March 2020. World Health Organization; 2020:1-8.
  • Greenhalgh, T., Knight, M., Buxton, M., & Husain, L. Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care. BMJ. 2020; 370.
  • NICE N. COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188. Accessed; November 19 2023;1-106.
  • Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, Landini MP, Fini M. Post-COVID-19 syndrome: the persistent symptoms at the post-viral stage of the disease. A systematic review of the current data. Front. Med. 2021;8:653516.
  • Tosato M, Carfì A, Martis I, Pais C, Ciciarello F, Rota E, et al. Prevalence and predictors of persistence of COVID-19 symptoms in older adults: a single-center study. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2021;22(9):1840-1844.
  • Woolford S, Sohan O, Dennison E, Cooper C, Patel H. Approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of frailty. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2020;32(9):1629-1637.
  • Kundi H, Çetin EHÖ, Canpolat U, Aras S, Celik O, Ata N, et al. The role of frailty on adverse outcomes among older patients with COVID-19. J. Infect. 2020;81(6):944-951.
  • Woolford S, D’Angelo S, Curtis E, Parsons C, Ward K, Dennison E, et al. COVID-19 and associations with frailty and multimorbidity: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2020;32(9):1897-1905.
  • Pizano-Escalante MG, Anaya-Esparza LM, Nuño K, Rodríguez-Romero JdJ, Gonzalez-Torres S, López-de la Mora DA, et al. Direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 in frail elderly: interventions and recommendations. J. Pers. Med. 2021;11(10):999.
  • Kori S. Kinesiophobia: a new view of chronic pain behavior. Pain Manage. 1990;3:35-43.
  • Atıcı E, Girgin N, Çevik Saldıran T. The effects of social isolation due to COVID‐19 on the fear of movement, falling, and physical activity in older people. Australas. J. Ageing. 2022:407-413.
  • Vardar-Yagli N, Calik-Kutukcu E, Saglam M, Inal-Ince D, Arikan H, Coplu L. The relationship between fear of movement, pain and fatigue severity, dyspnea level and comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disabil. Rehabil. 2019;41(18):2159-2163.
  • Saka S, Gurses HN, Bayram M. Effect of inspiratory muscle training on dyspnea-related kinesiophobia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract. 2021;44:101418.
  • Alpalhão V, Cordeiro N, Pezarat-Correia P. Kinesiophobia and Fear Avoidance in Older Adults: A Scoping Review on the State of Research Activity. J Aging Phys Act. 2022;30(6):1075-1084.
  • Saraiva M, Apolinario D, Avelino-Silva T, de Assis Moura Tavares C, Gattás-Vernaglia I, Marques Fernandes C, et al. The impact of frailty on the relationship between life-space mobility and quality of life in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Nutr. Health Aging. 2021;25(4):440-447.
  • Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005;173(5):489-495.
  • Özsürekci C, Balcı C, Kızılarslanoğlu MC, Çalışkan H, Doğrul RT, Ayçiçek GŞ, et al. An important problem in an aging country: identifying the frailty via 9 Point Clinical Frailty Scale. Acta Clin. Belg. 2019;200-204.
  • Vlaeyen JW, Kole-Snijders AM, Boeren RG, Van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re) injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. Pain. 1995;62(3):363-72.
  • Yilmaz O, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Ulug N. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Turk. J. Physiother. Rehabil. 2011;22(1):44-49.
  • Power M, Quinn K, Schmidt S. Development of the WHOQOL-old module. Qual. Life Res. 2005;14(10):2197-2214.
  • Eser S, Saatlı G, Eser E, Baydur H, Fıdaner C. The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-Old). Turk. J. Psychiatry. 2010;21(1).
  • Ozel A, Yumin ET, Tug T, Sertel M. Effects of quadriceps muscle strength and kinesiophobia on health related quality of life in elderly women and men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Konuralp Med. J. 2018;10(3):333-340.
  • Nigam Y, Knight J, Bhattacharya S, Bayer A. Physiological changes associated with aging and immobility. J Aging Res. 2012;2012:468469.
  • Arantes PM, Alencar MA, Dias RC, Dias JMD, Pereira LS. Physical therapy treatment on frailty syndrome: systematic review. Braz. J. Phys. Ther. 2009;13:365-75.
  • Berg-Weger M, Morley JE. Editorial: Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work. J Nutr. Health Aging. 2020;24(5):456-458.
  • Mishra R, Park C, York MK, Kunik ME, Wung SF, Naik AD, Najafi B. Decrease in Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Association with Increase in Depression among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Remote Mobility Monitoring Using a Wearable Sensor. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(9):3090.
  • Goswami N. Falls and Fall-Prevention in Older Persons: Geriatrics Meets Spaceflight! Front Physiol. 2017;8:603.
  • Ahangari A, Abdolrahmani M. Kinesiophobia dilemma for older adults: A systematic review. Geriatr. Care. 2020;6(3).
  • Venkatesan P. NICE guideline on long COVID. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021;9(2):129.
  • Wu X, Liu X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Li R, Zhan Q, Ni F, Fang S, Lu Y, Ding X, Liu H, Ewing RM, Jones MG, Hu Y, Nie H, Wang Y. 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(7):747-754.
  • Luque-Suarez A, Martinez-Calderon J, Falla D. Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Br. J. Sports Med. 2019;53(9):554-559.
  • Meulders A. From fear of movement-related pain and avoidance to chronic pain disability: a state-of-the-art review. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 2019;26:130-6.
  • Banzett RB, Moosavi SH. Dyspnea and pain: similarities and contrasts between two very unpleasant sensations. APS Bulletin. 2001;11(1):1-6.
  • Kahraman BO, Ozsoy I, Tanriverdi A, Acar S, Alpaydın AO, Sevinc C, et al. The relationship between kinesiophobia, dyspnea level, functional exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2020; 56: Suppl. 64, 2463.
  • Mankar SV, Rayas RV, Ashok KS, Parag KS. Correlation between dyspnea-related kinesiophobia and activity limitation in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2022;11(1):20.
  • Larsson, C., Ekvall Hansson, E., Sundquist, K., & Jakobsson, U. Kinesiophobia and its relation to pain characteristics and cognitive affective variables in older adults with chronic pain. BMC Geriatr. 2016; 16(1), 1-7.
  • Kocjan J, Knapik A. Barriers of physical activity (kinesiophobia) in patients subjected to cardiac rehabilitation. Balt. J. Health. Phys. Act. 2014; 6(4): 291-297.
  • Kojima G, Iliffe S, Jivraj S, Walters K. Association between frailty and quality of life among community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Epidemiol Community Health. 2016;70(7):716-21.
  • Crocker TF, Brown L, Clegg A, Farley K, Franklin M, Simpkins S, et al. Quality of life is substantially worse for community-dwelling older people living with frailty: systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual. Life Res. 2019;28(8):2041-2056.
  • Garrigues E, Janvier P, Kherabi Y, Le Bot A, Hamon A, Gouze H, et al. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. J. Infect. 2020;81(6):e4-e6.
  • Malik P, Patel K, Pinto C, Jaiswal R, Tirupathi R, Pillai S, et al. Post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)—A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J. Med. Virol. 2022;94(1):253-262.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Rehabilitation, Health Care Administration
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Hikmet Uçgun 0000-0002-7211-1805

Elif Kodaz 0000-0003-3061-6327

Kübra Arslan 0000-0001-9506-9040

Nisa Nur Soysal 0000-0003-1827-0036

Selen Genç 0000-0002-9013-5472

Sümeyya Betül Güneş 0000-0002-5820-4415

Buket Akıncı 0000-0002-9878-256X

Publication Date December 19, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 34 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Uçgun, H., Kodaz, E., Arslan, K., Soysal, N. N., et al. (2023). INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 34(3), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178637
AMA Uçgun H, Kodaz E, Arslan K, Soysal NN, Genç S, Güneş SB, Akıncı B. INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. December 2023;34(3):284-293. doi:10.21653/tjpr.1178637
Chicago Uçgun, Hikmet, Elif Kodaz, Kübra Arslan, Nisa Nur Soysal, Selen Genç, Sümeyya Betül Güneş, and Buket Akıncı. “INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 34, no. 3 (December 2023): 284-93. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178637.
EndNote Uçgun H, Kodaz E, Arslan K, Soysal NN, Genç S, Güneş SB, Akıncı B (December 1, 2023) INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 34 3 284–293.
IEEE H. Uçgun, “INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY”, Turk J Physiother Rehabil, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 284–293, 2023, doi: 10.21653/tjpr.1178637.
ISNAD Uçgun, Hikmet et al. “INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY”. Türk Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 34/3 (December 2023), 284-293. https://doi.org/10.21653/tjpr.1178637.
JAMA Uçgun H, Kodaz E, Arslan K, Soysal NN, Genç S, Güneş SB, Akıncı B. INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2023;34:284–293.
MLA Uçgun, Hikmet et al. “INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY”. Türk Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 34, no. 3, 2023, pp. 284-93, doi:10.21653/tjpr.1178637.
Vancouver Uçgun H, Kodaz E, Arslan K, Soysal NN, Genç S, Güneş SB, Akıncı B. INVESTIGATION OF PERSISTENT POST-COVID-19 SYMPTOMS, FRAILTY, KINESIOPHOBIA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS‑SECTIONAL STUDY. Turk J Physiother Rehabil. 2023;34(3):284-93.