EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME

Berkay Kef; Alperen Elibol; Ece Şenyiğit; Hasan Orkun İpsalalı; Umutcan Gölbaşı; Fatih Erkan Atay; Arda Ulaş Mutlu; Ekin Altınbaş; Hüseyin Karaman; Ceylin Eylül Karakaş; Ezgi Güneş; Aybüke Nazlı Gültekin; Enes Taşçı; Salim Turan; Berk Toy; Oktay Kaya; Melike Şahiner; Güldal İnan Gültekin

Research Article

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 43 - 48, 01.06.2019

Berkay Kef Alperen Elibol Ece Şenyiğit Hasan Orkun İpsalalı Umutcan Gölbaşı Fatih Erkan Atay Arda Ulaş Mutlu Ekin Altınbaş Hüseyin Karaman Ceylin Eylül Karakaş Ezgi Güneş Aybüke Nazlı Gültekin Enes Taşçı Salim Turan Berk Toy Oktay Kaya Melike Şahiner Güldal İnan Gültekin

Abstract

References

1. Hirsch A. Chronoscopic experiments on the speed of different senses and nerve transmission. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences de Neuchâtel 1862;6:100-14.
2. Nicolas S. On the speed of different senses and nerve transmission by Hirsch. Psychol Res 1997;59:261-8.
3. Donders FC. Die Schnelligkeit psychischer processe. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medizin 1868;6:657- 81.
4. Exner S. Experimentelle untersuchung der einfachsten psychischen processe. Archiv ffir die gesammte Physiology des Menschen und der Thiere 1873;7:601-60.
5. Shelton J, Kumar GP. Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neuroscience & Medicine 2010;1:30-2.
6. Miller JO, Low K. Motor processes in simple, go/no-go, and choice reaction time tasks: a psychophysiological analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2001;27(2):266-89.
7. Brisswalter J, Arcelin R. Influence of physical exercise on simple reaction time: Effect of physical fitness. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1997;85:1019-27.
8. Tomporowski PD, Ellis NR. Effects of exercise on cognitive processes: a review. Psychological Bulletin 1986;99(3):338-46.
9. Tomporowski PD. Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta Psychologica 2003;12:297-324.
10. Kosinski RJ. A literature review on reaction time. 2005 (cited 2019 April 1) Available from: URL: https://homepage.univie.ac.at/andreas.franz.reichelt/intro2cogsci2/data/literature_review_reaction_time.pdf.
11. Brisswalter J, Collardeau M, Arcelin R. Effects of acute physical exercise characteristics on cognitive performance. Sports Med 2002;32(9):555-66.
12. Kahneman D. Mental Effort. Thinking, Fast and Slow. 1st ed. New York: Penguin; 2013.
13. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing (online) (cited 2019 April 1): Available from: URL:https://www.R-project.org/.
14. Osorio, F. Robust estimation using heavy-tailed distributions. R package version 0.38.19 (online) (cited 2019 April 1): Available from: URL:https://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=heavy.
15. Luu C, Kalloniatis M. The perception of color. Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System (online) 2005 May 1 (cited 2019 April 1) Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK11538/.
16. Korenbrot JI. Speed, sensitivity, and stability of the light response in rod and cone photoreceptors: facts and models. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012;31(5):442–66.
17. Blizzard S, Fierro-Rojas A, Fallah M. Response inhibition is facilitated by a change to red over green in the stop signal paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci 2017;10:655.
8. Jain A, Bansal R, Kumar A et al. A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2015;5(2): 124–7.
19. Wong AL, Goldsmith J, Forrence AD et al. Reaction times can reflect habits rather than computations. Elife 2017;6:e28075.
20. Badau D, Baydil B, Badau A. Differences among three measures of reaction time based on hand laterality in individual sports. Sports(Basel) 2018;6(2):45.
21. Darbutas T, Juodžbalienė V, Skurvydas A et al. Dependence of reaction time and movement speed on task complexity and age. Medicina(Kaunas) 2013;49(1):18-22.
22. Yagi Y, Coburn KL, Estes KM et al. Effects of aerobic exercise and gender on visual and auditory P300, reaction time, and accuracy. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80(5):402-8.
23. Bhabhor MK, Vidja K, Bhanderi P et al. A comparative study of visual reaction time in table tennis players and healthy controls. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013;57(4):439-2.
24. Ashnagar Z, Shadmehr A, Jalaei S. The effects of acute bout of cycling on auditory & visual reaction times. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2015;19(2):268-72.
25. Yerkes RM, Dodson JD. The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. J Comp Neurol Psychol 1908;18:459–82.
26. Duffy E. Activation. In: NS Greenfield, RA Sternbach, editors. Hand book of psychophysiology. New York;1972.p.577-622.
27. Levitt S, Gutin B. Multiple choice reaction time and movement time during physical exertion. Res Q 1971;42(4):405-10.
28. Sjoberg H. Relations between heart rate, reaction speed, and subjective effort at different workloads on a bicycle ergometer. Journal of Human Stress 1975;1:21-7.

EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 43 - 48, 01.06.2019

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of acute physical exercise and acute mental exercise on visual reaction
time in healthy medical students. Methods: We used a simple reaction time task software developed by the researchers to measure the visual reaction times of the subjects. Reaction times of subjects as well as pulse rates were measured on three different occasions: basal (resting), post acute mental exercise and post acute physical exercise. The acute physical exercise was constructed
to last for 5 minutes in a way that would double the basal pulse rate of the participant. The acute mental exercise was induced by
five minutes of ADD-3 arithmetics. All volunteered physically healthy medical students from four different medical schools in
Turkey without red-green color deficiencies were included in the study. Results: A total of 232 (136 male, 96 female) individuals
with a mean age of 20.79 ± 1.42 were included in the study. Differences between basal reaction time and post-physical exercise
reaction time; the basal reaction time and post-mental exercise reaction time were found to be statistically significant. Basal
reaction time of participants was found to be the key element deriving both post-mental and physical exercise reaction times.
Also, one unit increase in the number of ADD-3 problems solved was associated with 0.21 units decrease in post-mental exercise
reaction time. Conclusion: Both acute mental exercise and acute physical exercise can shorten visual reaction time. Our results
also indicate that there might be a relationship between arithmetic capability (ADD-3 arithmetics performance) and visual reaction time. Keywords: Exercise, pulse, reaction time, software

Keywords

Exercise, pulse, reaction time

References

1. Hirsch A. Chronoscopic experiments on the speed of different senses and nerve transmission. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences de Neuchâtel 1862;6:100-14.
2. Nicolas S. On the speed of different senses and nerve transmission by Hirsch. Psychol Res 1997;59:261-8.
3. Donders FC. Die Schnelligkeit psychischer processe. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medizin 1868;6:657- 81.
4. Exner S. Experimentelle untersuchung der einfachsten psychischen processe. Archiv ffir die gesammte Physiology des Menschen und der Thiere 1873;7:601-60.
5. Shelton J, Kumar GP. Comparison between auditory and visual simple reaction times. Neuroscience & Medicine 2010;1:30-2.
6. Miller JO, Low K. Motor processes in simple, go/no-go, and choice reaction time tasks: a psychophysiological analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2001;27(2):266-89.
7. Brisswalter J, Arcelin R. Influence of physical exercise on simple reaction time: Effect of physical fitness. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1997;85:1019-27.
8. Tomporowski PD, Ellis NR. Effects of exercise on cognitive processes: a review. Psychological Bulletin 1986;99(3):338-46.
9. Tomporowski PD. Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta Psychologica 2003;12:297-324.
10. Kosinski RJ. A literature review on reaction time. 2005 (cited 2019 April 1) Available from: URL: https://homepage.univie.ac.at/andreas.franz.reichelt/intro2cogsci2/data/literature_review_reaction_time.pdf.
11. Brisswalter J, Collardeau M, Arcelin R. Effects of acute physical exercise characteristics on cognitive performance. Sports Med 2002;32(9):555-66.
12. Kahneman D. Mental Effort. Thinking, Fast and Slow. 1st ed. New York: Penguin; 2013.
13. R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing (online) (cited 2019 April 1): Available from: URL:https://www.R-project.org/.
14. Osorio, F. Robust estimation using heavy-tailed distributions. R package version 0.38.19 (online) (cited 2019 April 1): Available from: URL:https://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=heavy.
15. Luu C, Kalloniatis M. The perception of color. Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System (online) 2005 May 1 (cited 2019 April 1) Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books/NBK11538/.
16. Korenbrot JI. Speed, sensitivity, and stability of the light response in rod and cone photoreceptors: facts and models. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012;31(5):442–66.
17. Blizzard S, Fierro-Rojas A, Fallah M. Response inhibition is facilitated by a change to red over green in the stop signal paradigm. Front Hum Neurosci 2017;10:655.
8. Jain A, Bansal R, Kumar A et al. A comparative study of visual and auditory reaction times on the basis of gender and physical activity levels of medical first year students. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2015;5(2): 124–7.
19. Wong AL, Goldsmith J, Forrence AD et al. Reaction times can reflect habits rather than computations. Elife 2017;6:e28075.
20. Badau D, Baydil B, Badau A. Differences among three measures of reaction time based on hand laterality in individual sports. Sports(Basel) 2018;6(2):45.
21. Darbutas T, Juodžbalienė V, Skurvydas A et al. Dependence of reaction time and movement speed on task complexity and age. Medicina(Kaunas) 2013;49(1):18-22.
22. Yagi Y, Coburn KL, Estes KM et al. Effects of aerobic exercise and gender on visual and auditory P300, reaction time, and accuracy. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80(5):402-8.
23. Bhabhor MK, Vidja K, Bhanderi P et al. A comparative study of visual reaction time in table tennis players and healthy controls. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013;57(4):439-2.
24. Ashnagar Z, Shadmehr A, Jalaei S. The effects of acute bout of cycling on auditory & visual reaction times. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2015;19(2):268-72.
25. Yerkes RM, Dodson JD. The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. J Comp Neurol Psychol 1908;18:459–82.
26. Duffy E. Activation. In: NS Greenfield, RA Sternbach, editors. Hand book of psychophysiology. New York;1972.p.577-622.
27. Levitt S, Gutin B. Multiple choice reaction time and movement time during physical exertion. Res Q 1971;42(4):405-10.
28. Sjoberg H. Relations between heart rate, reaction speed, and subjective effort at different workloads on a bicycle ergometer. Journal of Human Stress 1975;1:21-7.

There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Berkay Kef This is me 0000-0002-5970-7815 Alperen Elibol 0000-0003-2401-088X Ece Şenyiğit 0000-0002-0108-976X Hasan Orkun İpsalalı This is me 0000-0002-1199-6208 Umutcan Gölbaşı This is me Fatih Erkan Atay 0000-0001-7598-1016 Arda Ulaş Mutlu 0000-0001-7499-7155 Ekin Altınbaş This is me 0000-0003-4954-305X Hüseyin Karaman This is me 0000-0002-9949-3188 Ceylin Eylül Karakaş This is me 0000-0002-6692-6274 Ezgi Güneş This is me 0000-0002-1285-0905 Aybüke Nazlı Gültekin This is me 0000-0001-9530-0863 Enes Taşçı This is me 0000-0002-9390-3617 Salim Turan This is me 0000-0002-6591-5303 Berk Toy This is me Oktay Kaya This is me Melike Şahiner Güldal İnan Gültekin This is me
Publication Date	June 1, 2019
Submission Date	April 1, 2019
Published in Issue	Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA	Kef, B., Elibol, A., Şenyiğit, E., İpsalalı, H. O., et al. (2019). EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME. Turkish Medical Student Journal, 6(2), 43-48.
AMA	Kef B, Elibol A, Şenyiğit E, İpsalalı HO, Gölbaşı U, Atay FE, Mutlu AU, Altınbaş E, Karaman H, Karakaş CE, Güneş E, Gültekin AN, Taşçı E, Turan S, Toy B, Kaya O, Şahiner M, Gültekin Gİ. EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME. TMSJ. June 2019;6(2):43-48.
Chicago	Kef, Berkay, Alperen Elibol, Ece Şenyiğit, Hasan Orkun İpsalalı, Umutcan Gölbaşı, Fatih Erkan Atay, Arda Ulaş Mutlu, Ekin Altınbaş, Hüseyin Karaman, Ceylin Eylül Karakaş, Ezgi Güneş, Aybüke Nazlı Gültekin, Enes Taşçı, Salim Turan, Berk Toy, Oktay Kaya, Melike Şahiner, and Güldal İnan Gültekin. “EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME”. Turkish Medical Student Journal 6, no. 2 (June 2019): 43-48.
EndNote	Kef B, Elibol A, Şenyiğit E, İpsalalı HO, Gölbaşı U, Atay FE, Mutlu AU, Altınbaş E, Karaman H, Karakaş CE, Güneş E, Gültekin AN, Taşçı E, Turan S, Toy B, Kaya O, Şahiner M, Gültekin Gİ (June 1, 2019) EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME. Turkish Medical Student Journal 6 2 43–48.
IEEE	B. Kef, “EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME”, TMSJ, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 43–48, 2019.
ISNAD	Kef, Berkay et al. “EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME”. Turkish Medical Student Journal 6/2 (June 2019), 43-48.
JAMA	Kef B, Elibol A, Şenyiğit E, İpsalalı HO, Gölbaşı U, Atay FE, Mutlu AU, Altınbaş E, Karaman H, Karakaş CE, Güneş E, Gültekin AN, Taşçı E, Turan S, Toy B, Kaya O, Şahiner M, Gültekin Gİ. EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME. TMSJ. 2019;6:43–48.
MLA	Kef, Berkay et al. “EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME”. Turkish Medical Student Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, 2019, pp. 43-48.
Vancouver	Kef B, Elibol A, Şenyiğit E, İpsalalı HO, Gölbaşı U, Atay FE, Mutlu AU, Altınbaş E, Karaman H, Karakaş CE, Güneş E, Gültekin AN, Taşçı E, Turan S, Toy B, Kaya O, Şahiner M, Gültekin Gİ. EFFECTS OF ACUTE PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND ACUTE MENTAL EXERCISE ON SIMPLE VISUAL REACTION TIME. TMSJ. 2019;6(2):43-8.

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