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İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-

Year 2018, Volume: 82 Issue: 295, 957 - 978, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.957

Abstract

Diplomasi, tarih boyunca, toplumlar arası ilişkilerin meydana gelmesinde ve uygulanmasında daima önemli bir araç olmuştur. Bu bakımdan diplomasi, milli menfaatlerin sağlanması ve sürdürülmesinde ehemmiyetini korumaktadır. Uluslararası düzendeki gelişmelerle birlikte ortaya çıkan sorunların çözümünde yaşanan güçlüklere ek olarak ekonomik, teknolojik ve bilimsel gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, sabit ve tutarlı bir dış siyasetin takip edilmesi ve uygulanması olanağının zor olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sebeple, her alanda olduğu gibi, diplomasi de çeşitli dönüşümlere uğramış ve değişik zamanlarda farklı uygulamalar ile yürütülmeye devam etmiştir. Öte yandan uygulanışı bakımından geçmişi çok eski tarihlere dayalı olan diplomasinin hangi yöntemlerle gerçekleştirildiği de ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bu açıdan bir devletin ulusal gücü dikkate alındığında, güvenliğin esas dayanağı durumunda olan askeri kuvvetler kadar donanma gücü de ayrı bir önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, özellikle 19. yüzyılda, donanma gücüne dayalı bir biçimde ortaya çıkan, gunboat diplomasi başvurulan diplomatik yöntemler arasında yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada gunboat diplomasi yöntemine iyi bir örnek teşkil eden ve İngiltere-Yunanistan arasında bir krize neden olan Don Pacifico sorunu bağlamında bu diplomatik yöntemin uygulanışı, mahiyeti ve özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede gunboat diplomasinin siyasi bir meselenin halledilmesinde oynadığı rol ve etkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

  • Alan, Aygül Ernek, “Propaganda Aracı Olarak Ganbot Diplomasi” Gürdal Ülger (Ed.), Propaganda Algı, İdeoloji ve Toplum İnşasına Dair İncelemeler içinde (83-98), Beta Yayınları, İstanbul 2015.
  • Alden, John, Representative British Orations with Introductions and Explanatory Notes, The Knickerbocker Press, New York and London 1900.
  • Anonim, Lord Palmerston’un 1266’da Ecnebi Siyaseti Hakkında Yazdığı Metnin Tercümesi, Bib- lioteka Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Nr. Or. I-144
  • Arı, Tayyar, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Dış Politika, MKM Yayıncılık, Bursa 2009.
  • Arkın, Marcus, “The Don Pacifico Affair”, Hashalom: The Monthly Journal of The Kwa- zulu-Natal Jewish Community, Vol. 18, No. 8, (May. 2014), ss. 3.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir, 19. Yüzyıl Siyasî Tarihi 1789-1914, Timaş Yayınları, İstanbul 2013.
  • Bastick, Darwin F. ve Guy. M. Townsend, “Palmerston and Globe”, Victorian Periodicals Newsletter, No. 18, [Vol. 5, No. 4], (Dec. 1972), ss. 32-35.
  • Benton, Lauren ve Lisa Ford, Rage for Order: The British Empire and The Origins of Interna- tional Law, 1800-1850, Harvard University Press, 2016.
  • British And Foreign State Papers, 1849-1850, [2]. Vol. XXXIX, London: Harrison and Sons, St. Martin’s Lane, 1863.
  • Brown, David, Palmerston and the Politics of Foreign Policy, 1846-55, Manchester Univer- sity Press, Manchester 2003.
  • Bulwer, Henry, The Life of John Temple, Viscount Palmerston: with Selections from his Diaries and Correspondence, Vol. I, 3rd. Edition, Richard Bentley New Burlington Street, London 1871.
  • Cable, James, Gunboat Diplomacy 1919-1979: Political Applications of Limited Naval Forces, MacMillan Press Ltd., London 1981.
  • Carabott, Philip, “State, Society and Religous “other” in the Nineteenth-century”, Kampos: Cambridge Papers In Modern Greek, No. 18, 2011, ss. 1-33.
  • Çolak, Songül ve Metin Aydar, İngiltere Hâriciye Nâzırı Lord Palmerston’un Nutku (25 Hazi- ran 1850), İdeal&Kültür Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2017.
  • Dağ, Ahmet Emin, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi Sözlüğü İngilizce-Fransızca-Türkçe, Anka Yayınları, 2. Baskı, İstanbul 2005.
  • Ferris, John, “SSTR as History the British Royal Navy Experience 1815-1930”, James J. Wirtz ve Jeffrey A. Larsen (Ed.), Naval Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Operations -Stability from the Sea içinde, (26-41), Cass Series: Naval Policy and History, Rout- ledge, 2009.
  • Gough, Barry M., “Forests and Sea Power: A Vancouver Island Economy, 1778- 1875”, Journal of Forest History, Vol. 32, No. 3, (July 1988), ss. 117-124.
  • Hannell, David, “Lord Palmerston and the ‘Don Pacifico Affair’ of 1850: The Ionian Connection”, European History Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 4, (October 1989), ss. 495- 508.
  • Harcourt, Freda, “Disraeli’s Imperialism 1866-1868: A Question of Timing”, The Historical Journal, Vol. 23, No. 1, (March 1980), ss. 87-109.
  • Hicks, Geoffrey, “Don Pacifico, Democracy and Danger: The Protectionist Party Cri- tique of British Foreign Policy, 1850-1852”, The International History Review, Vol. 26, No. 3, (September 2004), ss. 515-540.
  • Işık, Zekeriya, 19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Dış Politikası Üzerinde İngiliz Tesiri, Hitit Üniversi- tesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Yıl 4, S 2, (Aralık 2011), ss. 45-61.
  • Jacobs, Joseph, “Pacifico Case”, The Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 9, Funk and Wagnalls Company, New York and London 1905.
  • Kairofylas, Giannis, The History of Psiri District, Filippotis Editions, Athens 2000.
  • Koral, Özden, Gazze Deniz Ablukası (Silahlı Çatışma Hukuku ve Deniz Hukuku Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme), Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T.C. Harp Akademileri Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Langham, Raphael, The Jews in Britain: A Chronology, Palgrave MacMillan, Gordons- ville 2005.
  • Leira, Halvard, “A Conceptual History of Diplomacy”, Costas M. Constantinou, Pauline Kerr, Paul Sharp (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy içinde (28-38), SAGE Publications Ltd, London 2016.
  • Mandel, Robert, “The Effectiveness of Gunboat Diplomacy”, International Studies Qu- arterly, Vol. 30, No. 1, (March 1986), ss. 59-76.
  • Mcmullen, Mary, British Public Opinion and The Origins of the Crimean War: The Impact of Public Opinion on Foreign Policy, 1830-1854, Master of Arts, Department of History, McGill University, 1973.
  • Nicolson, Harold, Diplomasi, çev. Mete Ergin, Altın Yayınları, İstanbul 1970.
  • Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise – Disputes, War and Neutrality, Hersch Lau- terpacht (Ed.), Orient Longsman Ltd., 7th Edition, Vol. 2, London 1952.
  • Palmerston, Henry John Temple, Remarked in the House of Commons, March 1, 1848, Hansard’s Paliamentary Debates, 3rd Series, Vol. 97, Col. 122.
  • Polm, Martijn, Comparisons with Imperial Rome in Early Twentieth-Century Britain and in the U.S. During the Bush Jr. Administration, Aggressive Foreign Policy by Unipolar Powers and the Lure of the Roman Empire, Research Master Student Historical Studies, Radbound University Nijmegen, 2016.
  • Potyemkin, Vladimir ve Diğerleri, Uluslararası İlişkiler Tarihi -Diplomasi Tarihi-, Attila Tokatlı (Çev.), Evrensel Basım Yayın, C 1, İstanbul 2009.
  • Roberts, David, “Lord Palmerston at the Home Office”, The Historian, Vol. 21, No. 1, (November 1958), ss. 63-81.
  • Rubinstein, William D. -Michael A. Jolles-Hilary L. Rubinstein, The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglow-Jewish History, Palgrave MacMillan, 2011.
  • Sar, Cem, “Devletler Hukukunda Deniz Ablukası”, AÜSBFD, C 17, S 3, Ankara 1962.
  • Schmitt, Bernadotte E., “British Foreign Policy”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 2, (June 1924), ss. 308-322.
  • Sen, B., “Diplomacy in the Historical Perspective and Third World”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, No. XVI, Ankara 1976, ss. 72-98.
  • Spanos, William V., “Culture and Colonization: The Imperial Imperatives of the Centred Circle”, Boundary 2, Vol. 23, No. 1, (Spring 1996), ss. 135-175.
  • Tuncer, Hüner, Eski ve Yeni Diplomasi, Ümit Yayıncılık, Ankara 2005.
  • Uçarol, Rıfat, Siyasi Tarih (1789-2012), DER Yayınları, 9. Basım, İstanbul 2013.
  • Uygur, Fatma, “Fransız Büyükelçi Edouard Antoine Thouvenel ve İstanbul”, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 17, S. 4, (Kasım 2014), ss. 353-378.
  • Yılmaz, Sait, Güç ve Politika, Alfa Yayınları, İstanbul 2008.

Gunboat Diplomacy in the 19th Century in the Context Of British-Greek Relations -in the Example of Don Pacifico

Year 2018, Volume: 82 Issue: 295, 957 - 978, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.957

Abstract

Diplomacy has always been an important tool throughout the history, in the intervention and implementation of international relations. In this respect, diplomacy maintains its importance in ensuring and sustaining national interests. Considering the economic, technological and scientific developments in addition to the difficulties in solving the problems that arise along with international developments, it seems that it is difficult to pursue and implement a stable and consistent foreign policy. For this reason, diplomacy has undergone various transformations and has continued to be carried out with different applications at different times, just like every other area. On the other hand, the diplomacy, which is based on very ancient histories in terms of its implementation also has a special importance with which the method is carried out. In this respect, considering the national power of a state, navy power as well as military forces, which are the mainstay of security, are of special importance. In this context, especially in the nineteenth century, gunboat diplomacy, which emerged in a form based on naval power, was among the diplomatic methods applied. In the context of the Don Pacifico issue, which is a good example of the method of gunboat diplomacy in this study, and which has caused a crisis between the AngloGreek states, the application, nature and features of this diplomatic method are discussed. In this framework, the role and effects of the gunboat diplomacy played in solving a political issue were tried to be revealed.

References

  • Alan, Aygül Ernek, “Propaganda Aracı Olarak Ganbot Diplomasi” Gürdal Ülger (Ed.), Propaganda Algı, İdeoloji ve Toplum İnşasına Dair İncelemeler içinde (83-98), Beta Yayınları, İstanbul 2015.
  • Alden, John, Representative British Orations with Introductions and Explanatory Notes, The Knickerbocker Press, New York and London 1900.
  • Anonim, Lord Palmerston’un 1266’da Ecnebi Siyaseti Hakkında Yazdığı Metnin Tercümesi, Bib- lioteka Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Nr. Or. I-144
  • Arı, Tayyar, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Dış Politika, MKM Yayıncılık, Bursa 2009.
  • Arkın, Marcus, “The Don Pacifico Affair”, Hashalom: The Monthly Journal of The Kwa- zulu-Natal Jewish Community, Vol. 18, No. 8, (May. 2014), ss. 3.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir, 19. Yüzyıl Siyasî Tarihi 1789-1914, Timaş Yayınları, İstanbul 2013.
  • Bastick, Darwin F. ve Guy. M. Townsend, “Palmerston and Globe”, Victorian Periodicals Newsletter, No. 18, [Vol. 5, No. 4], (Dec. 1972), ss. 32-35.
  • Benton, Lauren ve Lisa Ford, Rage for Order: The British Empire and The Origins of Interna- tional Law, 1800-1850, Harvard University Press, 2016.
  • British And Foreign State Papers, 1849-1850, [2]. Vol. XXXIX, London: Harrison and Sons, St. Martin’s Lane, 1863.
  • Brown, David, Palmerston and the Politics of Foreign Policy, 1846-55, Manchester Univer- sity Press, Manchester 2003.
  • Bulwer, Henry, The Life of John Temple, Viscount Palmerston: with Selections from his Diaries and Correspondence, Vol. I, 3rd. Edition, Richard Bentley New Burlington Street, London 1871.
  • Cable, James, Gunboat Diplomacy 1919-1979: Political Applications of Limited Naval Forces, MacMillan Press Ltd., London 1981.
  • Carabott, Philip, “State, Society and Religous “other” in the Nineteenth-century”, Kampos: Cambridge Papers In Modern Greek, No. 18, 2011, ss. 1-33.
  • Çolak, Songül ve Metin Aydar, İngiltere Hâriciye Nâzırı Lord Palmerston’un Nutku (25 Hazi- ran 1850), İdeal&Kültür Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2017.
  • Dağ, Ahmet Emin, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Diplomasi Sözlüğü İngilizce-Fransızca-Türkçe, Anka Yayınları, 2. Baskı, İstanbul 2005.
  • Ferris, John, “SSTR as History the British Royal Navy Experience 1815-1930”, James J. Wirtz ve Jeffrey A. Larsen (Ed.), Naval Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Operations -Stability from the Sea içinde, (26-41), Cass Series: Naval Policy and History, Rout- ledge, 2009.
  • Gough, Barry M., “Forests and Sea Power: A Vancouver Island Economy, 1778- 1875”, Journal of Forest History, Vol. 32, No. 3, (July 1988), ss. 117-124.
  • Hannell, David, “Lord Palmerston and the ‘Don Pacifico Affair’ of 1850: The Ionian Connection”, European History Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 4, (October 1989), ss. 495- 508.
  • Harcourt, Freda, “Disraeli’s Imperialism 1866-1868: A Question of Timing”, The Historical Journal, Vol. 23, No. 1, (March 1980), ss. 87-109.
  • Hicks, Geoffrey, “Don Pacifico, Democracy and Danger: The Protectionist Party Cri- tique of British Foreign Policy, 1850-1852”, The International History Review, Vol. 26, No. 3, (September 2004), ss. 515-540.
  • Işık, Zekeriya, 19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Dış Politikası Üzerinde İngiliz Tesiri, Hitit Üniversi- tesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Yıl 4, S 2, (Aralık 2011), ss. 45-61.
  • Jacobs, Joseph, “Pacifico Case”, The Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 9, Funk and Wagnalls Company, New York and London 1905.
  • Kairofylas, Giannis, The History of Psiri District, Filippotis Editions, Athens 2000.
  • Koral, Özden, Gazze Deniz Ablukası (Silahlı Çatışma Hukuku ve Deniz Hukuku Bağlamında Bir Değerlendirme), Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, T.C. Harp Akademileri Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Langham, Raphael, The Jews in Britain: A Chronology, Palgrave MacMillan, Gordons- ville 2005.
  • Leira, Halvard, “A Conceptual History of Diplomacy”, Costas M. Constantinou, Pauline Kerr, Paul Sharp (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy içinde (28-38), SAGE Publications Ltd, London 2016.
  • Mandel, Robert, “The Effectiveness of Gunboat Diplomacy”, International Studies Qu- arterly, Vol. 30, No. 1, (March 1986), ss. 59-76.
  • Mcmullen, Mary, British Public Opinion and The Origins of the Crimean War: The Impact of Public Opinion on Foreign Policy, 1830-1854, Master of Arts, Department of History, McGill University, 1973.
  • Nicolson, Harold, Diplomasi, çev. Mete Ergin, Altın Yayınları, İstanbul 1970.
  • Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise – Disputes, War and Neutrality, Hersch Lau- terpacht (Ed.), Orient Longsman Ltd., 7th Edition, Vol. 2, London 1952.
  • Palmerston, Henry John Temple, Remarked in the House of Commons, March 1, 1848, Hansard’s Paliamentary Debates, 3rd Series, Vol. 97, Col. 122.
  • Polm, Martijn, Comparisons with Imperial Rome in Early Twentieth-Century Britain and in the U.S. During the Bush Jr. Administration, Aggressive Foreign Policy by Unipolar Powers and the Lure of the Roman Empire, Research Master Student Historical Studies, Radbound University Nijmegen, 2016.
  • Potyemkin, Vladimir ve Diğerleri, Uluslararası İlişkiler Tarihi -Diplomasi Tarihi-, Attila Tokatlı (Çev.), Evrensel Basım Yayın, C 1, İstanbul 2009.
  • Roberts, David, “Lord Palmerston at the Home Office”, The Historian, Vol. 21, No. 1, (November 1958), ss. 63-81.
  • Rubinstein, William D. -Michael A. Jolles-Hilary L. Rubinstein, The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglow-Jewish History, Palgrave MacMillan, 2011.
  • Sar, Cem, “Devletler Hukukunda Deniz Ablukası”, AÜSBFD, C 17, S 3, Ankara 1962.
  • Schmitt, Bernadotte E., “British Foreign Policy”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 39, No. 2, (June 1924), ss. 308-322.
  • Sen, B., “Diplomacy in the Historical Perspective and Third World”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, No. XVI, Ankara 1976, ss. 72-98.
  • Spanos, William V., “Culture and Colonization: The Imperial Imperatives of the Centred Circle”, Boundary 2, Vol. 23, No. 1, (Spring 1996), ss. 135-175.
  • Tuncer, Hüner, Eski ve Yeni Diplomasi, Ümit Yayıncılık, Ankara 2005.
  • Uçarol, Rıfat, Siyasi Tarih (1789-2012), DER Yayınları, 9. Basım, İstanbul 2013.
  • Uygur, Fatma, “Fransız Büyükelçi Edouard Antoine Thouvenel ve İstanbul”, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 17, S. 4, (Kasım 2014), ss. 353-378.
  • Yılmaz, Sait, Güç ve Politika, Alfa Yayınları, İstanbul 2008.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Songül Çolak This is me

Metin Aydar

Publication Date December 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 82 Issue: 295

Cite

APA Çolak, S., & Aydar, M. (2018). İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-. BELLETEN, 82(295), 957-978. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.957
AMA Çolak S, Aydar M. İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-. TTK BELLETEN. December 2018;82(295):957-978. doi:10.37879/belleten.2018.957
Chicago Çolak, Songül, and Metin Aydar. “İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-”. BELLETEN 82, no. 295 (December 2018): 957-78. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.957.
EndNote Çolak S, Aydar M (December 1, 2018) İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-. BELLETEN 82 295 957–978.
IEEE S. Çolak and M. Aydar, “İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-”, TTK BELLETEN, vol. 82, no. 295, pp. 957–978, 2018, doi: 10.37879/belleten.2018.957.
ISNAD Çolak, Songül - Aydar, Metin. “İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-”. BELLETEN 82/295 (December 2018), 957-978. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2018.957.
JAMA Çolak S, Aydar M. İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-. TTK BELLETEN. 2018;82:957–978.
MLA Çolak, Songül and Metin Aydar. “İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-”. BELLETEN, vol. 82, no. 295, 2018, pp. 957-78, doi:10.37879/belleten.2018.957.
Vancouver Çolak S, Aydar M. İngiliz-Yunan İlişkileri Bağlamında 19. Yüzyılda Gunboat Diplomasi -Don Pacifico Örneğinde-. TTK BELLETEN. 2018;82(295):957-78.