Abstract
Objective: The disease caused by Coronavirus 19 is a pandemic disease that emerged at the end of 2019 and has spread worldwide. Although it progresses as a classical upper respiratory tract infection in mild cases, it causes death by causing pneumonia and respiratory distress in severe cases. Although various drugs have been tried, there is still no specific drug treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the demographic characteristics, risk factors, drugs used and the effects of these drugs on mortality of patients who were infected with Coronavirus 19.
Materials and Methods: A total of 71 patients hospitalized in Malatya Training and Research Hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 due to positive test results between March 2020 and May 2020 were retrospectively rewieved and recorded from the hospital's database and the Public Health Management System. The demographic characteristics of these patients, the service they were hospitalized, the duration of hospitalization, additional diseases, survival status, and the drugs they used were recorded. statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS (IBM SPSS for Windows, ver.24) and Minitab (Statistical Software for Windows, ver.17) statistical package programs.
Results: The number of male patients was statistically significantly higher than female patients (p: 0.001). Mortality rate was higher in males than females (p: 0.001). 73% of the patients had at least one additional disease. The most common additional disease was hypertension (48%). The mortality rate of patients with comorbidities was statistically significantly higher than those without (p: 0.001). In our institution 5 drug groups, including hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, azithromycin, favipiravir, ritonavir and lopinavir have been were routinely used against COVID-19. The most frequently used drug was hydroxychloroquine (77%). The drugs used had no effect on mortality (p: 0582).
Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that the majority of those who get COVID 19 are men, age is an important risk factor, additional diseases increase the risk of mortality, and all the drugs used have no effect on mortality.
References
- Ankit B.P. COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers What Is the Evidence? JAMA.2020;1:1-2.
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Akriti Singh, Altamash Shaikh, Ritu Singh, Anoop Misra. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14 (3): 241-246.
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- Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li, Lili Ren, Jianping Zhao, Yi Hu, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 6736: 1 – 10.
- Cortegiani A, Ingoglia G, Ippolito M, Giarratano A, Einav S. A. Systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. J. Crit. Care 2020; 9441: 30390–30397.
- Francesco Di Gennaro, Damiano Pizzol, Claudia Marotta, Mario Antunes, Vincenzo Racalbuto, Nicola Veronese, et al. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health.2020; 14;17(8):2690-3001.
- Furuta Y, Takahashi K, Kuno M, Sangawa H, Uehara S, Kozaki K, et al. Mechanism of action of T-705 against influenza virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2005;49: 981–986.
- Jiang S, Xia S, Ying T, Lu L. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17(5):554.
- Jianjun Gao, Zhenxue Tian, Xu Yang. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. BioScience Trends. 2020; 14(1):72-73.
- Harapan Harapan, Naoya Itoh, Amanda Yufika, Wira Winardi, Synat Keam, Haypheng Te, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. Journal of Infection and Public Health.2020; 13: 667–673.
- Huipeng Ge, Xiufen Wang, Xiangning Yuan, Gong Xiao, Chengzhi Wang, Tianci Deng, et al. The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID 19. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2020;14:1-9.
- Lindsey R. Baden and Eric J. Rubin. Covid-19 — The Search for Effective Therapy. N Engl J Med.2020; 7;382(19):1851-1852. Mary A Lake. What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clinical Medicine. 2020;2:124-7.
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- Nicholas Moore. Chloroquine for COVID‑19 Infection. Drug Safety. 2020;43:393–394
- Qingxian Cai, Minghui Yang, Dongjing Liu, Jun Chen, Dan Shu, Junxia Xia, et al. Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study. Engineering. 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007.
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- Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 17; 323 (11): 1061–1069.
- Wang H, Wang S, Yu K. COVID-19 infection epidemic: The medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China. Crit. Care 2020; 18 (24):107-111.
- Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7): 1–11.
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- Yousuke Furata, Takashi Komeno and Takaaki Nakmura. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc. Jpn. Acad. 2017;93:449-463.
Abstract
Amaç: Corona Virüs 19’un neden olduğu hastalık, 2019 yılının sonunda ortaya çıkan halen Dünya genelinde yaygın olarak görülen pandemik hastalıktır. Hafif vakalarda klasik bir üst solunum enfeksiyonu şeklinde seyretse de ağır vakalarda pnömoni ve solumun sıkıntısına yol açarak ölüme neden olur. Günümüzde halan spesifik bir ilaç tedavisi bulunmamakta ve çeşitli ilaçlar tedavi için denenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Corona Virüs 19’a yakalanan hastaların demografik özellikleri, risk faktörleri, kullanılan ilaçlar ve bu ilaçların mortalite üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlandı.
Materyal ve Metot: Malatya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde 2020 yılı Mart-Mayıs ayları arasında Covid 19 tanısı ile yatan ve test sonucu pozitif olan toplam 71 hasta, hastanenin veri tabanından ve Halk Sağlığı Yönetim Sisteminden retrospektif olarak taranarak kaydedildi. Bu hastaların, demografik özellikleri, yattıkları servis, yatış süreleri, ek hastalıkları, sağ kalım durumları, kullandıkları ilaçlar tespit edildi. İstatiksel analiz için SPSS (IBM SPSS for Windows, ver.24) ve Minitab (Statistical Software for Windows, ver.17) istatistik paket programları kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Erkek hastaların sayısı kadınlara göre istatiksel anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p:0,001). Ölüm oranı erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksekti (p:0,001). Hastaların 73%’de en az bir ek hastalık vardı. En fazla görülen ek hastalık hipertansiyondu (48%). Ek hastalığı olan hastaların ölüm oranı olmayanlara göre istatiksel anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p:0,001). Hastanemizde Covid 19’a karşı rutin olarak hidroksiklorokin, oseltamivir, azitromisin, favipiravir, ritonavir ve lopinavir olmak üzere beş ilaç grubu kullanılmıştı. Bu ilaçlar içerisinden en fazla kullanılan hidroksiklorokin’di (77%). Kullanılan ilaçların mortalite üzerine herhangi bir etkisi yoktu (p:0582).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, Covid 19 hastalığına yakalananların çoğunluğunun erkek olduğunu, yaşın önemli bir risk faktörü olduğunu, ek hastalıkların mortalite riskini artırdığını, kullanılan bütün ilaçların mortalite üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir.
Keywords
References
- Ankit B.P. COVID-19 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers What Is the Evidence? JAMA.2020;1:1-2.
- Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Akriti Singh, Altamash Shaikh, Ritu Singh, Anoop Misra. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14 (3): 241-246.
- Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu, W, Wang J, Fan G, Ruan, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M, et al. A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020; 7;382(19):1787-1799.
- Chakraborty A.R, Sharma G, Sharma, Bhattacharya M, Lee S.S. SARS-CoV-2 causing pneumonia-associated respiratory disorder (COVID-19): diagnostic and proposed therapeutic options. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2020; 24: 4016-4026.
- Chaolin Huang, Yeming Wang, Xingwang Li, Lili Ren, Jianping Zhao, Yi Hu, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 6736: 1 – 10.
- Cortegiani A, Ingoglia G, Ippolito M, Giarratano A, Einav S. A. Systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. J. Crit. Care 2020; 9441: 30390–30397.
- Francesco Di Gennaro, Damiano Pizzol, Claudia Marotta, Mario Antunes, Vincenzo Racalbuto, Nicola Veronese, et al. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health.2020; 14;17(8):2690-3001.
- Furuta Y, Takahashi K, Kuno M, Sangawa H, Uehara S, Kozaki K, et al. Mechanism of action of T-705 against influenza virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2005;49: 981–986.
- Jiang S, Xia S, Ying T, Lu L. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17(5):554.
- Jianjun Gao, Zhenxue Tian, Xu Yang. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. BioScience Trends. 2020; 14(1):72-73.
- Harapan Harapan, Naoya Itoh, Amanda Yufika, Wira Winardi, Synat Keam, Haypheng Te, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review. Journal of Infection and Public Health.2020; 13: 667–673.
- Huipeng Ge, Xiufen Wang, Xiangning Yuan, Gong Xiao, Chengzhi Wang, Tianci Deng, et al. The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID 19. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2020;14:1-9.
- Lindsey R. Baden and Eric J. Rubin. Covid-19 — The Search for Effective Therapy. N Engl J Med.2020; 7;382(19):1851-1852. Mary A Lake. What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clinical Medicine. 2020;2:124-7.
- Nanshan Chen, Min Zhou, Xuan Dong, Jieming Qu, Fengyun Gong, Yang Han, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020; 15:507-513.
- Nicholas Moore. Chloroquine for COVID‑19 Infection. Drug Safety. 2020;43:393–394
- Qingxian Cai, Minghui Yang, Dongjing Liu, Jun Chen, Dan Shu, Junxia Xia, et al. Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study. Engineering. 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007.
- Serap Şimşek Yavuz, Serhat Ünal. Antiviral treatment of COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci. 2020; 50: 611-619.
- Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 17; 323 (11): 1061–1069.
- Wang H, Wang S, Yu K. COVID-19 infection epidemic: The medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China. Crit. Care 2020; 18 (24):107-111.
- Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7): 1–11.
- Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL et al. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside ofWuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ.2020; 27:368:m792.
- Yousuke Furata, Takashi Komeno and Takaaki Nakmura. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc. Jpn. Acad. 2017;93:449-463.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2021 |
| Submission Date | December 1, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 14 Issue: 1 |
Van Health Sciences Journal (Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi) başlıklı eser bu Creative Commons Atıf-Gayri Ticari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.
