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Kültürleşme ve Turizm İlişkisi

Year 2022, Issue: 4, 139 - 154, 29.12.2022

Abstract

Hızla değişen dünyada insan hareketliliği sürekli artmaktadır. Toplumlar küreselleşme, teknolojik gelişmeler, medya, göçler, turizm gibi birçok nedenle değişmektedir. Toplumların değişimi bireylerin farklı kültürlerle temasını sağlayarak, kolaylaştırmaktadır. Kültürleşme, farklı kültürlerin temasıyları ile başlayan ve taraflarda değişimlere neden olan bir süreçtir. Turizm en önemli insan hareketlerinden biridir. Ayrıca turizm kültürleşme sürecinin en fazla yaşandığı alanlardandır. Çalışmanın temel amacı, kültürleşme kavramıyla kültürler arası temasın yaşandığı turizm alanının ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada kültürleşme kavramının gelişimi, kültürleşme grupları ve turizmle ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Alanyazında kültürleşme kavramının tarihsel gelişim süreci incelenmiştir. Bunun yanında turizm alanında yapılacak araştırmalarda kültürleşme kavramıyla ilgili farkındalığın arttırılması, kavramın öneminin anlaşılması hedeflenmektedir. Turistlerin ve ev sahibi toplum üyelerinin davranışlarının kültürleşme ve sosyal psikolojik bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesinin taraflara karşılıklı fayda sağlayacağı, yaşamlarını kolaylaştıracağı ve psikolojik iyi oluşlarını arttıracağı da düşünülmektedir.

References

  • ANANTAMONGKOLKUL, C., BUTCHER, K. and WANG, Y. (2016). The four stages of on-site behavior for a long-stay relaxation holiday. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 23(3), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766716647437
  • ANANTAMONGKOLKUL, C., BUTCHER, K. and WANG, Y. (2019). Long-stay tourists: Developing a theory of intercultural integration into the destination neighbourhood. Tourism Management, 74, 144-154.
  • ASKEGAARD, S., ARNOULD, E.J. and KJELDGAARD, D. (2005). Postassimilationist ethnic consumer research: qualifications and extensions, Journal of Consumer Research, 32(1), 160–170.
  • BERNO, T. and WARD, C. (2005). Innocence abroad: A pocket guide to psychological research on tourism. American Psychologist, 60(6), 593-600.
  • BERRY, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International journal of intercultural relations, 29(6), 697-712.
  • BERRY, J.W. (2006). Mutual attitudes among immigrants and ethnocultural groups in Canada, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(6), 719–734.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2008). Globalisation and acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 328-336.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2010). Intercultural relations and acculturation in the Pacific region. Journal of pacific rim psychology, 4(2), 95-102.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2013). Research on multiculturalism in Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(6), 663-675.
  • BERRY, J. W., POORTINGA, Y. H., SEGALL, M. H. and DASEN, P. R. (2002). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. Cambridge University Press.
  • BERRY, J. W., PHINNEY, J. S., SAM, D. L. and VEDDER, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied psychology, 55(3), 303-332.
  • BERRY, J. and SAM, D. (2016). Conceptual issues. Cambridge handbook of acculturation, 11-29.
  • BİLGİN, N. (2003). Sosyal Psikoloji Sözlüğü: Kavramlar. Yaklaşımlar, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • BIRMAN, D. and SIMON, C.D. (2014). Acculturation research: challenges, complexities, and possibilities, APA Handbook of Multicultural Psychology, 1, 207–230.
  • BOCHNER, S. (2006). Sojourners. In D. L. Samve J. W. Berry (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 181-197). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BOURHIS, R. Y., MOISE, L. C., PERREAULT, S. and SENECAL, S. (1997). Towards an interactive acculturation model: a social psychological approach. International Journal of Psychology, 32(6), 369-386.
  • BROWN, L. (2008). The incidence of study-related stress in international students in the initial stage of the international sojourn. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12, 5–28.
  • BRUNT, P. and COURTNEY, P. (1999). Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493–515.
  • CARNEIRO, M.J. and EUSÉBIO, C. (2012). Tourist-host interaction: a cluster analysis of the youth market, International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 2(3), 213–229.
  • CARTER, R.W. and BEETON, R.J.S. (2004). A model of cultural change and tourism, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9(4), 423–442.
  • CASTRO, J. F. P. (2017). A short literature review about acculturation in the American Anthropologist. Revista Fluxos e Riscos, 2, 145-153.
  • CASTRO, J. and RUDMIN, F.W. (2019). Multinational bibliography on acculturation (1818-2018) with links to abstracts or full-text, Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 8(1), 1-7.
  • CHIRKOV, V. (2009). Summary of the criticism and of the potential ways to improve acculturation psychology, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(2), 177-180.
  • CHOI, J.W., LEE, C.J. and NOH, E.J. (2016). The influence of psychological distance to cultural assimilation on tourism destination, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(35), 1–9.
  • ÇAKMAKCI, E. ve ÖZTÜRK, Ş. (2019). Toplumsal değişimin bir faktörü olarak turizm. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(47), 1-17.
  • DANN, G., NASH, D. and PEARCE, P. (1988). Methodology in tourism research. Annals of tourism research, 15(1), 1-28.
  • FERGUSON, G.M. (2013). The big difference a small island can make: how Jamaican adolescents are advancing acculturation science, Child Development Perspectives, 7(4), 248–254.
  • FERGUSON, G.M. and BORNSTEIN, M.H. (2015). Remote acculturation of early adolescents in Jamaica towards European American culture: a replication and extension, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 45, 24-35.
  • FERGUSON, G.M., COSTIGAN, C.L., CLARKE, C.V. and GE, J.S. (2016). Introducing remote enculturation: learning your heritage culture from afar, Child Development Perspectives, 10(3), 166-171.
  • FERGUSON, Y.L., FERGUSON, K.T. and FERGUSON, G.M. (2017). I am AmeriBritSouthAfrican-Zambian: multidimensional remote acculturation and well-being among urban Zambian adolescents, International Journal of Psychology, 52(1), 67-76.
  • GRAVES, T. D. (1967). Psychological acculturation in a tri-ethnic community. Southwestern journal of anthropology, 23(4), 337-350.
  • HOFSTEDE, G. (1980). Culture and organizations. International studies of management & organization, 10(4), 15-41.
  • HOTTOLA, P. (2004). Culture confusion: Intercultural adaptation in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 447-466.
  • HUYNH, Q., HOWELL, R. T., and BENET-MARTINEZ, V. (2009). Reliability of bidimensional acculturation scores: a meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(2), 256e274.
  • INTERNATIONAL TOURISM, NUMBER OF ARRIVALS | DATA. (2022). worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Ç. (2014). Kültürleşme ve aile ilişkileri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 17(34), 120-127.
  • KARABACAK, G. ve HARLAK, H. (2020). Otel çalışanlarının iş-aile yaşam çatışmalarının yordayıcıları olarak, iş-yaşam doyumu, iş stresi ve algılanan sosyal destek. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 1923-1940.
  • KARIEL, H.G. (1989). Socio-cultural impacts of tourism in Austrian alps, Mountain Research and Development, 9(1), 59–70.
  • KARIM, S. (2021). Acculturation in a globalised world: Implications for theory and educational policy and practice. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 23(1), 44-58.
  • KHAWAJA, N.G., MOISUC, O. and RAMIREZ, E. (2014). Developing an acculturation and resilience scale for use with culturally and linguistically diverse populations, Australian Psychologist, 49(3), 171–180.
  • MAKAROVA, E. and BIRMAN, D. (2015). Cultural transition and academic achievement of students from ethnic minority backgrounds: A content analysis of empirical research on acculturation. Educational Research, 57(3), 305-330.
  • NASH, D. and SMITH, V.L. (1991). Anthropology and tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 18(1), 12–25.
  • NGO, V. H. (2008). A critical examination of acculturation theories. Critical social work, 9(1), 1-6.
  • NGUYEN, J. and FERGUSON, G.M. (2019). A global cypher: the role of hip hop in cultural identity construction and navigation for southeast Asian American youth, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2019(164), 99–115.
  • NUNEZ, T. (1989). Touristic studies in anthropological perspective, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, 2, 265–280.
  • NOGUÉS-PEDREGAL, A.M. (2019). Anthropological contributions to tourism studies, Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 227–237.
  • OZER, S. (2017). Psychological theories of acculturation. The international encyclopedia of intercultural communication, 1-14.
  • OZER, S. and SCHWARTZ, S.J. (2016). Measuring globalization-based acculturation in ladakh: investigating possible advantages of a tridimensional acculturation scale, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 53, 1–15.
  • ÖZEKİCİ, Y. K. ve ÜNLÜÖNEN, K. (2019). Reflection of acculturation in tourism: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 7(3-4), 284-308.
  • ÜNLÜÖNEN, K. and ÖZEKİCİ, Y. K. (2017). Yeni gelişen destinasyonlarda turizm algısı: yozgat ili üzerine bir alan. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 5(4), 466-488.
  • PEARCE, P. L. (1995). From culture shock and cultural arrogance to culture exchange: Ideas towards sustainable sociocultural tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3, 143–154.
  • RASMI, S., NG, S., LEE, J. A. and SOUTAR, G. N. (2014). Tourists' strategies: An acculturation approach. Tourism Management, 40, 311-320.
  • REISINGER, Y. (Ed.) (2013) Transformational Tourism: Tourist Perspectives, CABI.
  • RONEY, S. A. (2011). Turizm Bir Sistemin Analizi, Detay Yayıncılık, 1. Baskı, Ankara.
  • SAM, D. L. and BERRY, J. W. (2010). Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on psychological science, 5(4), 472-481.
  • SCHWARTZ, S.J., UNGER, J.B., ZAMBOANGA, B.L. and SZAPOCZNIK, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation: implications for theory and research, American Psychologist, 65(4), 237- 251.
  • SEVİM, H. and HALL, E. E. (2016). Consumer acculturation: perspective of immigrants and tourists. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 5(4), 126-139.
  • SHARIF, R. (2019). The relations between acculturation and creativity and innovation in higher education: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 28, 100287.
  • SHARMA, P., TAM, J. L., & KIM, N. (2009). Demystifying intercultural service encounters: Toward a comprehensive conceptual framework. Journal of Service Research, 12(2), 227-242.
  • SHARPLEY, R. (2014). Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research. Tourism Management, 42, 37-49.
  • SU, M.M. and WALL, G. (2014). ‘Residents’ use and perceptions of the Summer Palace World Heritage Site in Beijing, China, International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 3(4), 357–369.
  • TRIANDIS, H. (1980). Introduction. In H. C. Triandis & W. W. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Vol. 1. Perspectives (pp. 1–14). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • TÜRKAY, O. ve KAYİKÇİ, M. Y. (2018). Tarhana tezgâhlarından çin malı tüccarlığına: Şirince’de turizmle iç içe geçen kültürleşme ve sosyo-kültürel dönüşüme bağlı sorunların analizi. Ege Academic Review, 18(4), 645-660.
  • WARD, C. (2001). The ABCs of acculturation. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), Handbook of culture and psychology (pp. 411–445). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • WARD, C. (2008). Thinking outside the Berry boxes: New perspectives on identity, acculturation and intercultural relations. International journal of intercultural relations, 32(2), 105-114.
  • WARD, C. and BERNO, T. (2016). Acculturation. In J. Jafari and H. Xiao (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Tourism (1st ed., pp.5-7). Menomonie: Springer.
  • WARD, C. and KENNEDY, A. (2001). Coping with cross-cultural transition, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 636–642.
  • WARD, C. and LEONG, C.-H. (2006). Intercultural relations in plural societies. In D. L. Sam&J.W. Berry (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 484–503). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • YIANNAKIS, A. and GIBSON, H. (1992). Roles tourists play. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(2), 287-303.

The Relationship Between Acculturation and Tourism

Year 2022, Issue: 4, 139 - 154, 29.12.2022

Abstract

In a rapidly changing world, human mobility is constantly increasing. Societies are changing for many reasons, including globalization, technological developments, media, migrations, and tourism. The change in societies facilitates the contact of individuals with different cultures. Acculturation is a process that starts with the themes of different cultures and causes changes in the parties. Tourism is one of the essential human movements. In addition, tourism is one of the areas where the acculturation process is experienced the most. The study's main purpose is to evaluate the relationship between acculturation and tourism where intercultural contact is experienced. The study discusses acculturation development, acculturation groups, and their relationship with tourism. The historical development process of acculturation has been examined in the literature. Additionally, it is aimed at increasing awareness about the concept of acculturation and explaining its importance in studies in the field of tourism. Evaluating the behavior of tourists and host society members from an acculturation and social-psychological perspective will provide mutual benefit to the parties, facilitate their lives and increase their psychological well-being.

References

  • ANANTAMONGKOLKUL, C., BUTCHER, K. and WANG, Y. (2016). The four stages of on-site behavior for a long-stay relaxation holiday. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 23(3), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766716647437
  • ANANTAMONGKOLKUL, C., BUTCHER, K. and WANG, Y. (2019). Long-stay tourists: Developing a theory of intercultural integration into the destination neighbourhood. Tourism Management, 74, 144-154.
  • ASKEGAARD, S., ARNOULD, E.J. and KJELDGAARD, D. (2005). Postassimilationist ethnic consumer research: qualifications and extensions, Journal of Consumer Research, 32(1), 160–170.
  • BERNO, T. and WARD, C. (2005). Innocence abroad: A pocket guide to psychological research on tourism. American Psychologist, 60(6), 593-600.
  • BERRY, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46(1), 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International journal of intercultural relations, 29(6), 697-712.
  • BERRY, J.W. (2006). Mutual attitudes among immigrants and ethnocultural groups in Canada, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(6), 719–734.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2008). Globalisation and acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 328-336.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2010). Intercultural relations and acculturation in the Pacific region. Journal of pacific rim psychology, 4(2), 95-102.
  • BERRY, J. W. (2013). Research on multiculturalism in Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 37(6), 663-675.
  • BERRY, J. W., POORTINGA, Y. H., SEGALL, M. H. and DASEN, P. R. (2002). Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. Cambridge University Press.
  • BERRY, J. W., PHINNEY, J. S., SAM, D. L. and VEDDER, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied psychology, 55(3), 303-332.
  • BERRY, J. and SAM, D. (2016). Conceptual issues. Cambridge handbook of acculturation, 11-29.
  • BİLGİN, N. (2003). Sosyal Psikoloji Sözlüğü: Kavramlar. Yaklaşımlar, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • BIRMAN, D. and SIMON, C.D. (2014). Acculturation research: challenges, complexities, and possibilities, APA Handbook of Multicultural Psychology, 1, 207–230.
  • BOCHNER, S. (2006). Sojourners. In D. L. Samve J. W. Berry (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 181-197). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • BOURHIS, R. Y., MOISE, L. C., PERREAULT, S. and SENECAL, S. (1997). Towards an interactive acculturation model: a social psychological approach. International Journal of Psychology, 32(6), 369-386.
  • BROWN, L. (2008). The incidence of study-related stress in international students in the initial stage of the international sojourn. Journal of Studies in International Education, 12, 5–28.
  • BRUNT, P. and COURTNEY, P. (1999). Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493–515.
  • CARNEIRO, M.J. and EUSÉBIO, C. (2012). Tourist-host interaction: a cluster analysis of the youth market, International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 2(3), 213–229.
  • CARTER, R.W. and BEETON, R.J.S. (2004). A model of cultural change and tourism, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9(4), 423–442.
  • CASTRO, J. F. P. (2017). A short literature review about acculturation in the American Anthropologist. Revista Fluxos e Riscos, 2, 145-153.
  • CASTRO, J. and RUDMIN, F.W. (2019). Multinational bibliography on acculturation (1818-2018) with links to abstracts or full-text, Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 8(1), 1-7.
  • CHIRKOV, V. (2009). Summary of the criticism and of the potential ways to improve acculturation psychology, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(2), 177-180.
  • CHOI, J.W., LEE, C.J. and NOH, E.J. (2016). The influence of psychological distance to cultural assimilation on tourism destination, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(35), 1–9.
  • ÇAKMAKCI, E. ve ÖZTÜRK, Ş. (2019). Toplumsal değişimin bir faktörü olarak turizm. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(47), 1-17.
  • DANN, G., NASH, D. and PEARCE, P. (1988). Methodology in tourism research. Annals of tourism research, 15(1), 1-28.
  • FERGUSON, G.M. (2013). The big difference a small island can make: how Jamaican adolescents are advancing acculturation science, Child Development Perspectives, 7(4), 248–254.
  • FERGUSON, G.M. and BORNSTEIN, M.H. (2015). Remote acculturation of early adolescents in Jamaica towards European American culture: a replication and extension, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 45, 24-35.
  • FERGUSON, G.M., COSTIGAN, C.L., CLARKE, C.V. and GE, J.S. (2016). Introducing remote enculturation: learning your heritage culture from afar, Child Development Perspectives, 10(3), 166-171.
  • FERGUSON, Y.L., FERGUSON, K.T. and FERGUSON, G.M. (2017). I am AmeriBritSouthAfrican-Zambian: multidimensional remote acculturation and well-being among urban Zambian adolescents, International Journal of Psychology, 52(1), 67-76.
  • GRAVES, T. D. (1967). Psychological acculturation in a tri-ethnic community. Southwestern journal of anthropology, 23(4), 337-350.
  • HOFSTEDE, G. (1980). Culture and organizations. International studies of management & organization, 10(4), 15-41.
  • HOTTOLA, P. (2004). Culture confusion: Intercultural adaptation in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 447-466.
  • HUYNH, Q., HOWELL, R. T., and BENET-MARTINEZ, V. (2009). Reliability of bidimensional acculturation scores: a meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(2), 256e274.
  • INTERNATIONAL TOURISM, NUMBER OF ARRIVALS | DATA. (2022). worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL
  • KAĞITÇIBAŞI, Ç. (2014). Kültürleşme ve aile ilişkileri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 17(34), 120-127.
  • KARABACAK, G. ve HARLAK, H. (2020). Otel çalışanlarının iş-aile yaşam çatışmalarının yordayıcıları olarak, iş-yaşam doyumu, iş stresi ve algılanan sosyal destek. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 1923-1940.
  • KARIEL, H.G. (1989). Socio-cultural impacts of tourism in Austrian alps, Mountain Research and Development, 9(1), 59–70.
  • KARIM, S. (2021). Acculturation in a globalised world: Implications for theory and educational policy and practice. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 23(1), 44-58.
  • KHAWAJA, N.G., MOISUC, O. and RAMIREZ, E. (2014). Developing an acculturation and resilience scale for use with culturally and linguistically diverse populations, Australian Psychologist, 49(3), 171–180.
  • MAKAROVA, E. and BIRMAN, D. (2015). Cultural transition and academic achievement of students from ethnic minority backgrounds: A content analysis of empirical research on acculturation. Educational Research, 57(3), 305-330.
  • NASH, D. and SMITH, V.L. (1991). Anthropology and tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 18(1), 12–25.
  • NGO, V. H. (2008). A critical examination of acculturation theories. Critical social work, 9(1), 1-6.
  • NGUYEN, J. and FERGUSON, G.M. (2019). A global cypher: the role of hip hop in cultural identity construction and navigation for southeast Asian American youth, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2019(164), 99–115.
  • NUNEZ, T. (1989). Touristic studies in anthropological perspective, Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, 2, 265–280.
  • NOGUÉS-PEDREGAL, A.M. (2019). Anthropological contributions to tourism studies, Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 227–237.
  • OZER, S. (2017). Psychological theories of acculturation. The international encyclopedia of intercultural communication, 1-14.
  • OZER, S. and SCHWARTZ, S.J. (2016). Measuring globalization-based acculturation in ladakh: investigating possible advantages of a tridimensional acculturation scale, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 53, 1–15.
  • ÖZEKİCİ, Y. K. ve ÜNLÜÖNEN, K. (2019). Reflection of acculturation in tourism: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 7(3-4), 284-308.
  • ÜNLÜÖNEN, K. and ÖZEKİCİ, Y. K. (2017). Yeni gelişen destinasyonlarda turizm algısı: yozgat ili üzerine bir alan. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 5(4), 466-488.
  • PEARCE, P. L. (1995). From culture shock and cultural arrogance to culture exchange: Ideas towards sustainable sociocultural tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3, 143–154.
  • RASMI, S., NG, S., LEE, J. A. and SOUTAR, G. N. (2014). Tourists' strategies: An acculturation approach. Tourism Management, 40, 311-320.
  • REISINGER, Y. (Ed.) (2013) Transformational Tourism: Tourist Perspectives, CABI.
  • RONEY, S. A. (2011). Turizm Bir Sistemin Analizi, Detay Yayıncılık, 1. Baskı, Ankara.
  • SAM, D. L. and BERRY, J. W. (2010). Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on psychological science, 5(4), 472-481.
  • SCHWARTZ, S.J., UNGER, J.B., ZAMBOANGA, B.L. and SZAPOCZNIK, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation: implications for theory and research, American Psychologist, 65(4), 237- 251.
  • SEVİM, H. and HALL, E. E. (2016). Consumer acculturation: perspective of immigrants and tourists. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 5(4), 126-139.
  • SHARIF, R. (2019). The relations between acculturation and creativity and innovation in higher education: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 28, 100287.
  • SHARMA, P., TAM, J. L., & KIM, N. (2009). Demystifying intercultural service encounters: Toward a comprehensive conceptual framework. Journal of Service Research, 12(2), 227-242.
  • SHARPLEY, R. (2014). Host perceptions of tourism: A review of the research. Tourism Management, 42, 37-49.
  • SU, M.M. and WALL, G. (2014). ‘Residents’ use and perceptions of the Summer Palace World Heritage Site in Beijing, China, International Journal of Tourism Anthropology, 3(4), 357–369.
  • TRIANDIS, H. (1980). Introduction. In H. C. Triandis & W. W. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Vol. 1. Perspectives (pp. 1–14). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • TÜRKAY, O. ve KAYİKÇİ, M. Y. (2018). Tarhana tezgâhlarından çin malı tüccarlığına: Şirince’de turizmle iç içe geçen kültürleşme ve sosyo-kültürel dönüşüme bağlı sorunların analizi. Ege Academic Review, 18(4), 645-660.
  • WARD, C. (2001). The ABCs of acculturation. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), Handbook of culture and psychology (pp. 411–445). New York: Oxford University Press.
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Betül Dilara Şeker 0000-0001-5914-5886

Publication Date December 29, 2022
Submission Date November 3, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Şeker, B. D. (2022). Kültürleşme ve Turizm İlişkisi. Van İnsani Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(4), 139-154.

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