Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

FACTORS AFFECTING BULLYING AND CYBERBULLYING IN ADOLESCENTS

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 106 - 116, 09.08.2022

Abstract

Objective: This study was carried out as a descriptive study to determine the factors affecting bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents.
Methods: The study was conducted with 544 adolescents aged 12-17 years in primary and secondary school grades 7-12. The data of the study were collected with the Introductory Characteristics Form and the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale for Adolescents (CIS-A). In the evaluation of the data, descriptive Statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum), Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance were used.
Results: It has been determined that the rates of being exposed to physical, verbal, relational and cyberbullying and bullying of adolescents vary between 5-17%. In adolescents, boys (physical: p≤0.001, relational: p=0.003), 7-9. Those who study in the classroom (physical: p≤0.001, verbal: p≤0.001, relational: p=0.041, cyber: p=0.008), those who do not feel safe at school (p≤0.001), those whose parents punish (p≤0.001) and those who have low academic achievement Those with (physical: p=0.003, verbal: p=0.004, relational: p=0.018) were exposed to more bullying and boys (physical: p≤0.001, verbal: p=0.005, relational: p=0.006, cyber: p≤0.001), 7-9. those who study in the classroom (physical: p=0.005, verbal: p=0.004, cyber: p=0.021), those whose parents punish (physical: p=0.009, verbal: p≤0.001) and those with low academic achievement (physical: p=0.010, relational: p=0.008, cyber: p≤0.001).
Conclusions: It has been determined that the rate of being exposed to physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying and bullying of adolescents is higher than 5.0%. Among the adolescents participating in the study, boys, 7-9. It has been determined that those who study in the classroom, those whose parents punish and those with low academic success are exposed to more bullying and are bullied.

References

  • 1. Bradshaw J, Crous G, Rees G, Turner N. Comparing children's experiences of schools-based bullying across countries. Children and Youth Services Review 2017; 80: 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.060
  • 2. Thomas HJ, Scott JG, Coates JM, Connor JP. Development and validation of the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale for Adolescents: A multi‐dimensional measurement model. British Journal of Educational Psychology 2019; 8: 75-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12223
  • 3. Han Z, Zhang G, Zhang H. School bullying in urban China: Prevalence and correlation with school climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017; 14: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101116
  • 4. Beckman L, Hellström L, von Kobyletzki L. Cyber bullying among children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2020; 61(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12525
  • 5. Campbell M, Bauman S. Cyberbullying: Definition, consequences, prevalence. In: Campbell M, Bauman S (Eds). Reducing Cyberbullying in Schools. Academic Press, 2018; p.3-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811423-0.00001-8
  • 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report 2009-2019. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/YRBSDataSummaryTrendsReport2019-508.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2022
  • 7. Baldry AC, Farrington DP, Sorrentino A. School bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls: Roles and overlap. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 2017; 26(9): 937-951. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1330793
  • 8. Gini G, Pozzoli T. Bullied children and psychosomatic problems: A metaanalysis. Pediatrics 2013; 132(4): 720-729. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0614
  • 9. Heerde JA, Hemphill SA. Are bullying perpetration and victimization associated with adolescent deliberative self-harm? A meta-analysis. Archives of Suicide Research 2019; 23: 353-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1472690
  • 10. Lee J. Pathways from Childhood Bullying Victimization to Young Adult Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 2021; 52(1): 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00997-4
  • 11. Moore SE, Norman RE, Suetani S, Thomas HJ, Sly PD, Scott JG. Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Psychiatry 2017; 22: 60-76. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498%2Fwjp.v7.i1.60
  • 12. Sigurdson JF, Undheim AM, Wallander JL, Lydersen S, Sund AM. The longitudinal association of being bullied and gender with suicide ideations, self-harm, and suicide attempts from adolescence to young adulthood: A cohort study. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior 2018; 48: 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12358
  • 13. Özbey H, Başdaş Ö. Ergenlerde zorbalık ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2020; 7(1): 46-50.
  • 14. de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, et al. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2007; 85: 660-667.
  • 15. Özbey H. Başdaş Ö. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Bullying and Cyber Bullying Scale for Adolescents (BCS-A). Psychiatry Research 2020; 289: 12994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112994
  • 16. Smahel D, Machackova H, Mascheroni G, Dedkova L, Staksrud E, Olafsson K, et al. EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/eu-kids-online/reports/EU-Kids-Online-2020-March2020.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 23.08.202128.01.2022
  • 17. Eroğlu Y, Aktepe E, Akbaba S, Işık A. Özkorumak E. Siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yaygınlığının ve risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim 2015; 40(177): 93-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.3698
  • 18. Lee C, Shin N. Prevalence of cyberbullying and predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among Korean adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior 2017; 68: 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.047
  • 19. Taştekin E, Bayhan P. Ergenler arasındaki siber zorbalığın ve mağduriyetin incelenmesi. Online Journal of Technology Addiction and Cyberbullying 2018; 5(2): 21-45.
  • 20. Chen J-K, Pan Z, Wang L-C. Parental Beliefs and Actual Use of Corporal Punishment, School Violence and Bullying, and Depression in Early Adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20121; 18(12): 62-70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126270
  • 21. Kelleci M, Tel H, Akgül Gündoğdu N, Temel Mert Z. Evaluation of peer bullying, internet addiction, and psychological adaptation level of students aged 9-15. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2021; 34(4): 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12336
  • 22. Esposito C, Bacchini D, Affuso G. Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and its relationships with school bullying and peer rejection. Psychiatry Research 2019; 274: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.018
  • 23. Blakeslee T, Snethen J, Schiffman RF, Gwon SH, Sapp M, Kelber S. Adolescent Characteristics, Suicide, and Bullying in High School. Journal of School Nursing 2021; 16: 10598405211038235. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405211038235
  • 24. Hemphill SA, Kotevski A, Heerde JA. Longitudinal associations between cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization and problem behavior and mental health problems in young Australians. Internaitonal Journal of Public Health 2015; 60: 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0644-9
  • 25. Dalmaç- Polat Z, Bayraktar S. Ergenlerde siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyetle ilişkili değişkenleri incelenmesi. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities 2016; 4(1): 115-132.
  • 26. Mesch GS. Parental mediation, online activities and cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology and Behavior 2009; 12(4): 387-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0068
  • 27. Özer G, Cemaloğlu N. (Eds). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık yaşama düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Eğitim Yönetimi Araştırmaları (e-kitap). Pegem Akademi, 2016.
  • 28. Browser J, Larson JD, Bellmore A, Olsin C, Resnik F. Bullying type and feeling unsafe in middle school. The Journal of School Nursing 2018; 34: 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518760983
  • 29. Ergün Başak B, Baştürk E. Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Siber Zorbalık Deneyimlerinin Olweus’un Akran Zorbalığı Modeli Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 2019; 9(1): 240-278.
  • 30. Akbıyık C, Kestel M. Siber zorbalığın öğrencilerin akademik, sosyal ve duygusal durumları üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2016; 12(3): 844-859. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.282384
  • 31. Kowalski RM, Limber SP. Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health 2013; 53(1Suppl): 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018
  • 32. Peled Y. Cyberbullying and its influence on academic, social and emotional development of undergraduate students. Heliyon 2019; e01393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01393
  • 33. Olweus D. Bullying at School: What we know and What we can do. Cambridge MA: Blackwell,1999; 8-13.
  • 34. Malm EK, Henrich CC. Longitudinal Relationships Between Parent Factors, Children's Bullying, and Victimization Behaviors. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 2019; 50(5): 789-802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00882-9
  • 35. Murphy TP, Laible D, Augustine M. The Influences of Parent and Peer Attachment on Bullying. Journal of Child and Family Studies 2017; 26(5): 1388-1397. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-017-0663-2
  • 36. Smith AU, Norris AE. Parent Communication and Bullying Among Hispanic Adolescent Girls. Journal of School Nursing 2020; 36(3): 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1059840518808013

ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 106 - 116, 09.08.2022

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, ergenlerde zorbalık ve siber zorbalığı etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Çalışma, ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim 7-12. sınıflarda öğrenim gören 12-17 yaş arası 544 ergen ile yapılmıştır.
Çalışmanın verileri, Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu ve Ergenler İçin Zorbalık ve Siber Zorbalık Ölçeği (ZSÖ-E) ile toplanmıştır.
Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, tanımlayıcı istatistikler (ortalama, standart sapma, frekans, yüzde, minimum, maximum),
Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Ergenlerin fiziksel, sözel, ilişkisel ve siber zorbalığa maruz kalma ve zorbalık uygulama oranlarının %5-17
arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ergenlerde, erkeklerin (fiziksel: p≤0.001, ilişkisel: p=0.003), 7-9. sınıfta okuyanların
(fiziksel: p≤0.001, sözel: p≤0.001, ilişkisel: p=0.041, siber: p=0.008), kendini okulda güvende hissetmeyenlerin (p≤0.001),
ebeveynleri ceza verenlerin (p≤0.001) ve akademik başarısı düşük olanların (fiziksel: p=0.003, sözel: p=0.004, ilişkisel:
p=0.018) daha fazla zorbalığa maruz kaldığı ve erkeklerin (fiziksel: p≤0.001, sözel: p=0.005, ilişkisel: p=0.006, siber:
p≤0.001), 7-9. sınıfta okuyanların (fiziksel: p=0.005, sözel: p=0.004, siber: p=0.021), ebeveynleri ceza verenlerin (fiziksel:
p=0.009, sözel: p≤0.001) ve akademik başarısı düşük olanların (fiziksel: p=0.010, ilişkisel: p=0.008, siber: p≤0.001) daha
fazla zorbalık uyguladıkları saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Ergenlerin fiziksel, sözel, ilişkisel ve siber zorbalığa maruz kalma ve zorbalık uygulama oranlarının %5.0’dan yüksek
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan ergenlerde, erkeklerin, 7-9. sınıfta okuyanların, ebeveynleri ceza verenlerin ve
akademik başarısı düşük olanların daha fazla zorbalığa maruz kaldığı ve zorbalık uyguladıkları saptanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Zorbalık, Siber Zorbalık, Ergen, Hemşirelik

References

  • 1. Bradshaw J, Crous G, Rees G, Turner N. Comparing children's experiences of schools-based bullying across countries. Children and Youth Services Review 2017; 80: 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.060
  • 2. Thomas HJ, Scott JG, Coates JM, Connor JP. Development and validation of the Bullying and Cyberbullying Scale for Adolescents: A multi‐dimensional measurement model. British Journal of Educational Psychology 2019; 8: 75-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12223
  • 3. Han Z, Zhang G, Zhang H. School bullying in urban China: Prevalence and correlation with school climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017; 14: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101116
  • 4. Beckman L, Hellström L, von Kobyletzki L. Cyber bullying among children with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2020; 61(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12525
  • 5. Campbell M, Bauman S. Cyberbullying: Definition, consequences, prevalence. In: Campbell M, Bauman S (Eds). Reducing Cyberbullying in Schools. Academic Press, 2018; p.3-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811423-0.00001-8
  • 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data Summary & Trends Report 2009-2019. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/YRBSDataSummaryTrendsReport2019-508.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 28.01.2022
  • 7. Baldry AC, Farrington DP, Sorrentino A. School bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls: Roles and overlap. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 2017; 26(9): 937-951. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1330793
  • 8. Gini G, Pozzoli T. Bullied children and psychosomatic problems: A metaanalysis. Pediatrics 2013; 132(4): 720-729. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0614
  • 9. Heerde JA, Hemphill SA. Are bullying perpetration and victimization associated with adolescent deliberative self-harm? A meta-analysis. Archives of Suicide Research 2019; 23: 353-381. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1472690
  • 10. Lee J. Pathways from Childhood Bullying Victimization to Young Adult Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 2021; 52(1): 129-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00997-4
  • 11. Moore SE, Norman RE, Suetani S, Thomas HJ, Sly PD, Scott JG. Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World Journal of Psychiatry 2017; 22: 60-76. https://dx.doi.org/10.5498%2Fwjp.v7.i1.60
  • 12. Sigurdson JF, Undheim AM, Wallander JL, Lydersen S, Sund AM. The longitudinal association of being bullied and gender with suicide ideations, self-harm, and suicide attempts from adolescence to young adulthood: A cohort study. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior 2018; 48: 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12358
  • 13. Özbey H, Başdaş Ö. Ergenlerde zorbalık ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2020; 7(1): 46-50.
  • 14. de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, et al. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2007; 85: 660-667.
  • 15. Özbey H. Başdaş Ö. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Bullying and Cyber Bullying Scale for Adolescents (BCS-A). Psychiatry Research 2020; 289: 12994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112994
  • 16. Smahel D, Machackova H, Mascheroni G, Dedkova L, Staksrud E, Olafsson K, et al. EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. https://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/eu-kids-online/reports/EU-Kids-Online-2020-March2020.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 23.08.202128.01.2022
  • 17. Eroğlu Y, Aktepe E, Akbaba S, Işık A. Özkorumak E. Siber zorbalık ve mağduriyetin yaygınlığının ve risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim 2015; 40(177): 93-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.3698
  • 18. Lee C, Shin N. Prevalence of cyberbullying and predictors of cyberbullying perpetration among Korean adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior 2017; 68: 352-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.047
  • 19. Taştekin E, Bayhan P. Ergenler arasındaki siber zorbalığın ve mağduriyetin incelenmesi. Online Journal of Technology Addiction and Cyberbullying 2018; 5(2): 21-45.
  • 20. Chen J-K, Pan Z, Wang L-C. Parental Beliefs and Actual Use of Corporal Punishment, School Violence and Bullying, and Depression in Early Adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20121; 18(12): 62-70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126270
  • 21. Kelleci M, Tel H, Akgül Gündoğdu N, Temel Mert Z. Evaluation of peer bullying, internet addiction, and psychological adaptation level of students aged 9-15. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2021; 34(4): 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12336
  • 22. Esposito C, Bacchini D, Affuso G. Adolescent non-suicidal self-injury and its relationships with school bullying and peer rejection. Psychiatry Research 2019; 274: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.018
  • 23. Blakeslee T, Snethen J, Schiffman RF, Gwon SH, Sapp M, Kelber S. Adolescent Characteristics, Suicide, and Bullying in High School. Journal of School Nursing 2021; 16: 10598405211038235. https://doi.org/10.1177/10598405211038235
  • 24. Hemphill SA, Kotevski A, Heerde JA. Longitudinal associations between cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization and problem behavior and mental health problems in young Australians. Internaitonal Journal of Public Health 2015; 60: 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-014-0644-9
  • 25. Dalmaç- Polat Z, Bayraktar S. Ergenlerde siber zorbalık ve siber mağduriyetle ilişkili değişkenleri incelenmesi. Mediterranean Journal of Humanities 2016; 4(1): 115-132.
  • 26. Mesch GS. Parental mediation, online activities and cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology and Behavior 2009; 12(4): 387-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0068
  • 27. Özer G, Cemaloğlu N. (Eds). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık yaşama düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Eğitim Yönetimi Araştırmaları (e-kitap). Pegem Akademi, 2016.
  • 28. Browser J, Larson JD, Bellmore A, Olsin C, Resnik F. Bullying type and feeling unsafe in middle school. The Journal of School Nursing 2018; 34: 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840518760983
  • 29. Ergün Başak B, Baştürk E. Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Siber Zorbalık Deneyimlerinin Olweus’un Akran Zorbalığı Modeli Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 2019; 9(1): 240-278.
  • 30. Akbıyık C, Kestel M. Siber zorbalığın öğrencilerin akademik, sosyal ve duygusal durumları üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2016; 12(3): 844-859. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.282384
  • 31. Kowalski RM, Limber SP. Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health 2013; 53(1Suppl): 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018
  • 32. Peled Y. Cyberbullying and its influence on academic, social and emotional development of undergraduate students. Heliyon 2019; e01393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01393
  • 33. Olweus D. Bullying at School: What we know and What we can do. Cambridge MA: Blackwell,1999; 8-13.
  • 34. Malm EK, Henrich CC. Longitudinal Relationships Between Parent Factors, Children's Bullying, and Victimization Behaviors. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 2019; 50(5): 789-802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-019-00882-9
  • 35. Murphy TP, Laible D, Augustine M. The Influences of Parent and Peer Attachment on Bullying. Journal of Child and Family Studies 2017; 26(5): 1388-1397. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10826-017-0663-2
  • 36. Smith AU, Norris AE. Parent Communication and Bullying Among Hispanic Adolescent Girls. Journal of School Nursing 2020; 36(3): 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1059840518808013
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Harun Özbey 0000-0001-9827-0655

Öznur Başdaş 0000-0003-0752-6614

Publication Date August 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özbey, H., & Başdaş, Ö. (2022). ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 106-116.
AMA Özbey H, Başdaş Ö. ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. August 2022;3(2):106-116.
Chicago Özbey, Harun, and Öznur Başdaş. “ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 3, no. 2 (August 2022): 106-16.
EndNote Özbey H, Başdaş Ö (August 1, 2022) ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 3 2 106–116.
IEEE H. Özbey and Ö. Başdaş, “ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER”, YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 106–116, 2022.
ISNAD Özbey, Harun - Başdaş, Öznur. “ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 3/2 (August 2022), 106-116.
JAMA Özbey H, Başdaş Ö. ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;3:106–116.
MLA Özbey, Harun and Öznur Başdaş. “ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 2, 2022, pp. 106-1.
Vancouver Özbey H, Başdaş Ö. ERGENLERDE ZORBALIK VE SİBER ZORBALIĞI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;3(2):106-1.