Emotion Dysregulation Affects Functionality in Major Depressive Disorder

İlkay Keleş Altun

doi:10.31067/acusaglik.1216637

Clinical Research

Year 2023, , 48 - 53, 01.01.2023

İlkay Keleş Altun

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1216637

Abstract

References

1. Gitlin MJ, Miklowitz DJ. The difficult lives of individuals with bipolar disorder: A review of functional outcomes and their implications for treatment. J Affect Disord. 2017;209:147-154. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.021
2. Ellicott A, Hammen C, Gitlin M,et al. Life events and the course of bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(9):1194-1198. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.9.1194
3. Sarason IG, Johnson JH, Siegel JM. Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey. J Consult Clin Psychol.1978;46(5):932-946. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.46.5.932
4. Linehan MM. Rationale for dialectical behavior therapy skills training: Skills Training Manual for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press, 2014. pp.3-13.
5. McCarthy CJ, Lambert RG, Moller NP. Preventive resources and emotion regulation expectancies as mediators between attachment and college students' stress outcomes. "Int. J. Stress Manag. 2006;13(1), 1-22. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.13.1.1
6. Compas BE, Jaser SS, Dunbar JP,et al. Coping and Emotion Regulation from Childhood to Early Adulthood: Points of Convergence and Divergence. Aust J Psychol. 2014;66(2):71-81. doi:10.1111/ajpy.12043
7. Koc-Apaydin Z, Atagun MI. Relationship of functionality with impulsivity and coping strategies in bipolar disorder. Dusunen Adam. 2018;31:21-29. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310102
8. Muhtadie L, Johnson SL, Carver CS,et al. A profile approach to impulsivity in bipolar disorder: the key role of strong emotions. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129(2):100-108. doi:10.1111/acps.12136
9. Skinner EA, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. The development of coping. Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:119-144. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085705
10. Nolen-Hoeksema S. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109(3):504-511. doi: 10.1037//0021-843X.109.3.504
11. Fletcher K, Parker GB, Manicavasagar V. Coping profiles in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2013;54:1177-1184. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.011
12. Dodd A, Lockwood E, Mansell W,et al. Emotion regulation strategies in bipolar disorder: A systematic and critical review. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:262-284. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.026
13. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M,et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Clinical Version. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Press;1997.
14. Çorapcıoğlu A, Aydemir Ö, Yıldız M,et al. DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları (SCID-I) için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme-Klinik Versiyon. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 1999.
15. Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol.1989; 56:267-283.
16. Ağargün MY. Beşiroğlu L, Kıran ÜK,et al. Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği: Psikometrik özelliklere ilişkin bir ön çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2005; 6:221-226.
17. Aydemir O, Eren I, Savaş H, et al. Bipolar bozuklukta işlevsellik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi, güvenilirlik ve geçerliliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2007; 18:344-352.
18. Gratz KL, Roamer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2004; 26(1):41-54.
19. Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. J Clin Psychol. 2010; 66(4):442-455
20. M. Hamilton, A rating scale for depression, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 1960; 23: 56–62.
21. Akdemir A, Örsel S, Dag I, et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Compr psychiatry. 2001;42(2), 161-165.
22. Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, et al. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity, and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:429–435.
23. Karadağ F, Oral ET, Aran Yalçın F, et al. Young mani derecelendirme ölçeğinin Türkiye’de geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Derg. 2001;13:107–114.
24. Ehring, T., Fischer, S., Schnülle J, et al. Characteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2008; 44: 1574–1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.013
25. Oymak Yenilmez D, Atagün Mİ, Keleş Altun İ, et al. Relationship between Childhood Adversities, Emotion Dysregulation and Cognitive Processes in Bipolar Disorder and Recurrent Depressive Disorder. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021;32(1):8-16. doi:10.5080/u23415
26. Jarrett RB, Minhajuddin A, Borman PD, et al. Cognitive reactivity, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive relapse and recurrence in cognitive therapy responders. Behav Res Ther. 2012;50:280–6.doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.01.008
27. Oldehinkel AJ, Ormel J, Neeleman J. Predictors of time to remission from depression in primary care patients: Do some people benefit more from positive life change than others. Abnorm Psychol. 2000;2:299-307
28. Peters AT, West AE, Eisner L, et al. The Burden of Repeated Mood Episodes in Bipolar I Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016 Feb;204(2):87-94. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000425
29. Ehring T, Tuschen-Caffier B, Schnülle J, et al. Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: spontaneous versus instructed use of emotion suppression and reappraisal. Emotion. 2010;10(4):563-572. doi:10.1037/a0019010
30. Orzechowska A, Zajączkowska M, Talarowska M,et al. Depression and ways of coping with stress: a preliminary study. Med Sci Monit. 2013;19:1050-1056. doi:10.12659/MSM.889778

Emotion Dysregulation Affects Functionality in Major Depressive Disorder

Year 2023, , 48 - 53, 01.01.2023

İlkay Keleş Altun

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1216637

Abstract

Purpose: Mood disorders are recurrent chronic mental illnesses known to affect functionality. In this study, it was aimed to compare coping strategies and emotion regulation difficulties in depression and bipolar disorder and observe the effects of coping strategies and emotion regulation on functionality.
Methods: 31 patients with bipolar disorder (BD), 29 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 27 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. Participants completed the Coping Strategies Inventory (COPE), Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire (BDFQ), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).
Results: In the BD group, a positive significant correlation was found between COPE-M and DERS scores, and a negative significant correlation was found between COPE-M and BDFQ. In the MDD group, a positive significant correlation was found between COPE-A and BDFQ scores, and a negative significant correlation was found between DERS and BDFQ. BDFQ was statistically significantly predicted positively by COPE-A and negatively by DERS.
Conclusion: It was thought that emotion dysregulation may predispose to depressive symptomatology and negatively affect clinical course and functionality. Addressing emotion regulation difficulties and increasing the use of adaptive coping strategies in therapeutic interventions contribute to the improvement of functionality as well as clinical improvement.

Keywords

emotion dysregulation, coping, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, functionality

References

1. Gitlin MJ, Miklowitz DJ. The difficult lives of individuals with bipolar disorder: A review of functional outcomes and their implications for treatment. J Affect Disord. 2017;209:147-154. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.021
2. Ellicott A, Hammen C, Gitlin M,et al. Life events and the course of bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(9):1194-1198. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.9.1194
3. Sarason IG, Johnson JH, Siegel JM. Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey. J Consult Clin Psychol.1978;46(5):932-946. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.46.5.932
4. Linehan MM. Rationale for dialectical behavior therapy skills training: Skills Training Manual for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press, 2014. pp.3-13.
5. McCarthy CJ, Lambert RG, Moller NP. Preventive resources and emotion regulation expectancies as mediators between attachment and college students' stress outcomes. "Int. J. Stress Manag. 2006;13(1), 1-22. doi:10.1037/1072-5245.13.1.1
6. Compas BE, Jaser SS, Dunbar JP,et al. Coping and Emotion Regulation from Childhood to Early Adulthood: Points of Convergence and Divergence. Aust J Psychol. 2014;66(2):71-81. doi:10.1111/ajpy.12043
7. Koc-Apaydin Z, Atagun MI. Relationship of functionality with impulsivity and coping strategies in bipolar disorder. Dusunen Adam. 2018;31:21-29. https://doi.org/10.5350/DAJPN2018310102
8. Muhtadie L, Johnson SL, Carver CS,et al. A profile approach to impulsivity in bipolar disorder: the key role of strong emotions. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;129(2):100-108. doi:10.1111/acps.12136
9. Skinner EA, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. The development of coping. Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:119-144. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085705
10. Nolen-Hoeksema S. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109(3):504-511. doi: 10.1037//0021-843X.109.3.504
11. Fletcher K, Parker GB, Manicavasagar V. Coping profiles in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2013;54:1177-1184. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.011
12. Dodd A, Lockwood E, Mansell W,et al. Emotion regulation strategies in bipolar disorder: A systematic and critical review. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:262-284. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.026
13. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M,et al. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Clinical Version. Washington D.C.: American Psychiatric Press;1997.
14. Çorapcıoğlu A, Aydemir Ö, Yıldız M,et al. DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları (SCID-I) için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme-Klinik Versiyon. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 1999.
15. Carver CS, Scheier MF, Weintraub JK. Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol.1989; 56:267-283.
16. Ağargün MY. Beşiroğlu L, Kıran ÜK,et al. Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği: Psikometrik özelliklere ilişkin bir ön çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2005; 6:221-226.
17. Aydemir O, Eren I, Savaş H, et al. Bipolar bozuklukta işlevsellik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi, güvenilirlik ve geçerliliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2007; 18:344-352.
18. Gratz KL, Roamer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2004; 26(1):41-54.
19. Rugancı RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. J Clin Psychol. 2010; 66(4):442-455
20. M. Hamilton, A rating scale for depression, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 1960; 23: 56–62.
21. Akdemir A, Örsel S, Dag I, et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Compr psychiatry. 2001;42(2), 161-165.
22. Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, et al. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity, and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:429–435.
23. Karadağ F, Oral ET, Aran Yalçın F, et al. Young mani derecelendirme ölçeğinin Türkiye’de geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Derg. 2001;13:107–114.
24. Ehring, T., Fischer, S., Schnülle J, et al. Characteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2008; 44: 1574–1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.013
25. Oymak Yenilmez D, Atagün Mİ, Keleş Altun İ, et al. Relationship between Childhood Adversities, Emotion Dysregulation and Cognitive Processes in Bipolar Disorder and Recurrent Depressive Disorder. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2021;32(1):8-16. doi:10.5080/u23415
26. Jarrett RB, Minhajuddin A, Borman PD, et al. Cognitive reactivity, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive relapse and recurrence in cognitive therapy responders. Behav Res Ther. 2012;50:280–6.doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.01.008
27. Oldehinkel AJ, Ormel J, Neeleman J. Predictors of time to remission from depression in primary care patients: Do some people benefit more from positive life change than others. Abnorm Psychol. 2000;2:299-307
28. Peters AT, West AE, Eisner L, et al. The Burden of Repeated Mood Episodes in Bipolar I Disorder: Results From the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016 Feb;204(2):87-94. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000425
29. Ehring T, Tuschen-Caffier B, Schnülle J, et al. Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: spontaneous versus instructed use of emotion suppression and reappraisal. Emotion. 2010;10(4):563-572. doi:10.1037/a0019010
30. Orzechowska A, Zajączkowska M, Talarowska M,et al. Depression and ways of coping with stress: a preliminary study. Med Sci Monit. 2013;19:1050-1056. doi:10.12659/MSM.889778

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Psychiatry
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	İlkay Keleş Altun 0000-0002-4005-6127
Publication Date	January 1, 2023
Submission Date	December 9, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2023

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EndNote	Keleş Altun İ (January 1, 2023) Emotion Dysregulation Affects Functionality in Major Depressive Disorder. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14 1 48–53.

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