Abstract
Purpose:In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of restless leg syndrome in pregnant women on sleep quality and anxiety.
Patients and Methods:Data of the descriptive study were collected from 245 pregnant women via a personal information form, Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) Diagnostic Form, Restless Leg Syndrome Severity Grading Scale (RLSSGS), Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory-STAI Form TX-2 (SSKE) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), between April-June 2019. In the analysis of the statistical data, descriptive statistics were used besides Student t Test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, Logistic and Linear regression analysis.
Results:Age and gestational week averages of the pregnant women were 27.82±5.70 and 32.55±5.77, respectively. The pregnant women’s score averages were found to be; 6.77±9.35 for the RLS, 6.54±4.01 for the PSQI and 51.08±10.45 for the SSKE. According to the RLS Diagnostic Form, RLS (+) was determined in 18% of the pregnant women. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the RLS presence and the PSQI and RLSSGS score averages (p<0.001). There was a significant, weak and positive correlation between the RLSSGS and PSQI score averages (p<0.001) and a significant and very weak correlation between the PSQI and SSKE score averages (p=0.003). According to the logistic regression analysis, a 1-point increase in the RLSSGS score averages of the pregnant women caused a 1-point increase in the RLS frequency (p<0.001). According to the linear regression analysis, the PSQI score averages of the pregnant women affected their RLS severity (p<0.01) (Table 5).
Conclusion:In our study, there was a correlation between the RLS and sleep quality of pregnant women; however, the RLS did not affect their anxiety levels. Nurses and midwives should evaluate the RLS, sleep quality and anxiety levels of all pregnant women and inform them during prenatal follow-ups.
Keywords
References
- 1. Bilgilisoy Filiz M, Çakır T. Güncel tanı kriterleri ile huzursuz bacak sendromu. Turk J Osteoporos 2015;21:87-95.
- 2. Liu G, Li L, Zhang J, et al. Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy or delivery complications in China: a representative survey. Sleep Med 2016;17: 158- 62.
- 3. Yüksel B, Seven A, Yıldız YK, et al. Gebelikte huzursuz bacak sendromu. JGON 2015;12(4):144-6.
- 4. Sarberg M, Josefsson A, Wiréhn AB, Svanborg E. Restless legs syndrome during and after pregnancy and its relation to snoring. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2012; 91:850-5.
- 5. Patrick L. Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and the role of iron and folate. Alternative Medicine Review 2007;12(2):101-112.
- 6. Çelik F, Köse M. Gebelikte uyku kalitesinin trimester ile ilişkisi. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2017;18(3):85-8.
- 7. Akbaş P. Gebelerde huzursuz bacak sendromu sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2017: 37-59.
- 8. Tunç T, Karadağ YS, Dogulu F, İnan LE. Predisposing factors of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy. Mov Disord 2007;22(5): 627-31.
- 9. Sönmez A. Huzursuz bacak sendromu olan gebelere verilen uyku hijyeni eğitiminin uyku kalitesine etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ebelik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Malatya, 2017;23-33.
- 10. Chang JJ, Pien GW, Duntley SP, Macones, GA. Sleep deprivation during pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcomes: is there a relationship? Sleep Medicine Reviews 2010;14(2):107-14.
- 11. Ertekin Pınar Ş, Arslan Ş, Polat K, Çiftçi D, Cesur B, Dağlar G. Gebelerde uyku kalitesi ile algılanan stres arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. DEUYHOEDERGİ 2014;7(3):171-7.
- 12. Palagini L, Gemignani A, Banti S, Manconi M, Mauri M, Riemann D. Chronic sleep loss during pregnancy as a determinant of stress: impact on pregnancy outcome. Sleep Med 2014;15(8):853-9.
- 13. Polo‐Kantola P, Aukia L, Karlsson H, Paavonen E. Sleep quality during pregnancy: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017;96(2):198-206.
- 14. Volkovich E, Tikotzky L, Manber R. Objective and subjective sleep during pregnancy: links with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Archives of Women's Mental Health 2016;19(1): 173-181.
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- 17. Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A, Hening W, Rosen R, Allen RP, Trenkwalder C. International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Validation of the International Restless legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2003;4:121-32.
- 18. Sevim S, Dogu O, Camdeviren H, et al. Unexpectedly low prevalence and unusual characteristics of RLS in Mersin, Turkey. Neurology 2003;61(11):1562-9.
- 19. Hening WA, Allen RP. Restless legs syndrome (RLS): the continuing development of diagnostic standards and severity measures. Sleep Med 2003;4:95-7.
- 20. Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Qualityal. Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28(2):193-213.
- 21. Agargun MY. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin gecerligi ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1996;7:107-15.
- 22. Sevinç S, Özdemir S. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kaygı ve umutsuzluk ilişkisi: Kilis örneği. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing 2017;19(2):14-24.
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- 24. Köybaşı EŞ, Oskay ÜY. Gebelik sürecinin uyku kalitesine etkisi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 2017;59:1-5.
- 25. Mindell JA, Cook RA, Nikolovski J. Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances across pregnancy. Sleep Med 2015;16(4):483-8.
- 26. Yang Y, Mao J, Ye Z, et al. Determinants of sleep quality among pregnant women in China: a cross-sectional survey. J Matern Fetal Med 2018;31(22):2980-5.
- 27. Antony KM, Agrawal A, Arndt ME, et al. Association of adverse perinatal outcomes with screening measures of obstructive sleep apnea. J Perinatol 2014;34(6): 441-8. 28. Ding XX, Wu YL, Xu SJ, et al. A systematic review and quantitative assessment of sleep-disordered breathing during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Sleep Breath 2014;18(4):703-13.
- 29. Chen PH, Liou KC, Chen CP, Cheng SJ. Risk factors and prevalence rate of restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in Taiwan. Sleep Med 2012;13(9):1153-7.
- 30. Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep 2013;36(7):1059-68.
- 31. Bacacı H, Ejder Apay S. Gebelerde beden imajı algısı ve distres arasındaki ilişki. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2018;8(2):76-82.
- 32. Schuurmans C, Kurrasch DM. Neuro developmental consequences of maternal distress: what do we really know? Clinical Genetics 2013;83(2):108-117.
- 33. Yali M, Lobel M. Stress-resistance resources and coping in pregnancy. Anxiety Stress Coping 2009;15(3): 289-309.
- 34. Gillam T. Understanding restless legs syndrome. Primary Health Care 2008;18(2):22-23.
- 35. Hensley GJ. Leg cramps and restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. Journal Of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 2009;54(3):211-218.
Abstract
Amaç:Bu çalışmada gebelerde huzursuz bacak sendromunun uyku kalitesi ve kaygı düzeyi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı.
Hastalar ve Yöntem:Tanımlayıcı türde yapılan çalışmanın verileri Nisan-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında kişisel bilgi formu, Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu (HBS) Tanı Formu, Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Şiddeti Derecelendirme Skalası (HBSŞDS), Spielberger Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri-STAI Form TX-2 (SSKE) ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) ile 245 gebeden toplandı. İstatistiksel verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle birlikte, Student t Testi, Pearson korelasyon analizi, Lojistik ve Linear regresyon analizi kullanıldı.
Bulgular:Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 27.82±5.70, gebelik haftası ortalaması 32.55±5.77’dir. Gebelerin HBS puan ortalaması 6.77±9.35, PUKİ puan ortalaması 6.54±4.01 ve SSKE puan ortalaması 51.08±10.45 olarak saptandı. HBS tanı formuna göre gebelerin %18’inde HBS (+) saptandı. HBS varlığı ile PUKİ ve HBSŞDS puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı fark saptandı (p<0.001). HBSŞDS ile PUKİ puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı, zayıf, pozitif yönlü (p<0.001) ve PUKİ ile SSKE puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı, çok zayıf, ilişki vardır (p=0.003). Lojistik regresyon analizine göre gebelerin HBSŞDS puan ortalamasındaki 1 puanlık artış, HBS görülme durumunu 1 puan arttırırken (p<0.001), linear regresyon analize göre gebelerin PUKİ puan ortalaması gebelerin HBS şiddetini etkilemektedir (p<0.01) (Tablo 5).
Sonuç:Çalışmamızda gebelerin HBS ile uyku kaliteleri arasındaki ilişki vardır ancak HBS kaygı düzeylerini etkilememektedir. Doğum öncesi izlemlerde hemşire ve ebeler tüm gebelerin HBS, uyku kalitesi ve kaygı düzeyleri değerlendirmeli ve bilgilendirmelidir.
Keywords
References
- 1. Bilgilisoy Filiz M, Çakır T. Güncel tanı kriterleri ile huzursuz bacak sendromu. Turk J Osteoporos 2015;21:87-95.
- 2. Liu G, Li L, Zhang J, et al. Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy or delivery complications in China: a representative survey. Sleep Med 2016;17: 158- 62.
- 3. Yüksel B, Seven A, Yıldız YK, et al. Gebelikte huzursuz bacak sendromu. JGON 2015;12(4):144-6.
- 4. Sarberg M, Josefsson A, Wiréhn AB, Svanborg E. Restless legs syndrome during and after pregnancy and its relation to snoring. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2012; 91:850-5.
- 5. Patrick L. Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology and the role of iron and folate. Alternative Medicine Review 2007;12(2):101-112.
- 6. Çelik F, Köse M. Gebelikte uyku kalitesinin trimester ile ilişkisi. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2017;18(3):85-8.
- 7. Akbaş P. Gebelerde huzursuz bacak sendromu sıklığı ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2017: 37-59.
- 8. Tunç T, Karadağ YS, Dogulu F, İnan LE. Predisposing factors of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy. Mov Disord 2007;22(5): 627-31.
- 9. Sönmez A. Huzursuz bacak sendromu olan gebelere verilen uyku hijyeni eğitiminin uyku kalitesine etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ebelik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Malatya, 2017;23-33.
- 10. Chang JJ, Pien GW, Duntley SP, Macones, GA. Sleep deprivation during pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcomes: is there a relationship? Sleep Medicine Reviews 2010;14(2):107-14.
- 11. Ertekin Pınar Ş, Arslan Ş, Polat K, Çiftçi D, Cesur B, Dağlar G. Gebelerde uyku kalitesi ile algılanan stres arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. DEUYHOEDERGİ 2014;7(3):171-7.
- 12. Palagini L, Gemignani A, Banti S, Manconi M, Mauri M, Riemann D. Chronic sleep loss during pregnancy as a determinant of stress: impact on pregnancy outcome. Sleep Med 2014;15(8):853-9.
- 13. Polo‐Kantola P, Aukia L, Karlsson H, Paavonen E. Sleep quality during pregnancy: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017;96(2):198-206.
- 14. Volkovich E, Tikotzky L, Manber R. Objective and subjective sleep during pregnancy: links with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Archives of Women's Mental Health 2016;19(1): 173-181.
- 15. Soper DS. A-priori sample size calculator for multiple regression [Software]. Avaliable from http://www. danielsoper. com/statcalc (26/02/2018), 2015.
- 16. Cohen P, West SG, Aiken LS. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 2014.
- 17. Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A, Hening W, Rosen R, Allen RP, Trenkwalder C. International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Validation of the International Restless legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 2003;4:121-32.
- 18. Sevim S, Dogu O, Camdeviren H, et al. Unexpectedly low prevalence and unusual characteristics of RLS in Mersin, Turkey. Neurology 2003;61(11):1562-9.
- 19. Hening WA, Allen RP. Restless legs syndrome (RLS): the continuing development of diagnostic standards and severity measures. Sleep Med 2003;4:95-7.
- 20. Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Qualityal. Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28(2):193-213.
- 21. Agargun MY. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin gecerligi ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1996;7:107-15.
- 22. Sevinç S, Özdemir S. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kaygı ve umutsuzluk ilişkisi: Kilis örneği. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing 2017;19(2):14-24.
- 23. Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayını, 1998.
- 24. Köybaşı EŞ, Oskay ÜY. Gebelik sürecinin uyku kalitesine etkisi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi 2017;59:1-5.
- 25. Mindell JA, Cook RA, Nikolovski J. Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances across pregnancy. Sleep Med 2015;16(4):483-8.
- 26. Yang Y, Mao J, Ye Z, et al. Determinants of sleep quality among pregnant women in China: a cross-sectional survey. J Matern Fetal Med 2018;31(22):2980-5.
- 27. Antony KM, Agrawal A, Arndt ME, et al. Association of adverse perinatal outcomes with screening measures of obstructive sleep apnea. J Perinatol 2014;34(6): 441-8. 28. Ding XX, Wu YL, Xu SJ, et al. A systematic review and quantitative assessment of sleep-disordered breathing during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Sleep Breath 2014;18(4):703-13.
- 29. Chen PH, Liou KC, Chen CP, Cheng SJ. Risk factors and prevalence rate of restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in Taiwan. Sleep Med 2012;13(9):1153-7.
- 30. Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep 2013;36(7):1059-68.
- 31. Bacacı H, Ejder Apay S. Gebelerde beden imajı algısı ve distres arasındaki ilişki. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2018;8(2):76-82.
- 32. Schuurmans C, Kurrasch DM. Neuro developmental consequences of maternal distress: what do we really know? Clinical Genetics 2013;83(2):108-117.
- 33. Yali M, Lobel M. Stress-resistance resources and coping in pregnancy. Anxiety Stress Coping 2009;15(3): 289-309.
- 34. Gillam T. Understanding restless legs syndrome. Primary Health Care 2008;18(2):22-23.
- 35. Hensley GJ. Leg cramps and restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. Journal Of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 2009;54(3):211-218.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 16, 2020 |
| Submission Date | January 1, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |