Covid-19, Hypertension And Three Important Topics in Nursing Care: Physical Exercise, Adequate-Balanced Nutrition, Sleep
Abstract
The new coronary virüs (COVID-19) appeared in the Wuhan, the People’s Republic of China in December 2019, and has spread throughout the World, becoming o global epidemic.
When evaluating COVID-19 data in the World; the number of infected individuals who have lost their lives is increasing rapidly every day. İt emphasized that COVID-19 needs to be dealt with much more seriously for vulnerable members of the community, which includes immune problems, a history of comorbidity, and the elderly. Hypertension among comorbidity is notable in reports related to COVID-19. Although it is not clear that the relationship between hypertension and COVID-19 may be linked to Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), it is an issue that is being considered. It is stated in humans that COVID-19 is connected to host cells through ACE2. Information pollution spread through the press and social media related to COVID-19 and ACE2 can cause compliance problems with antihypertensive drugs. The COVID-19 pandemic process is emphasized as an important element of blood pressure control to reduce the burden of disease.
Nurses can help hypertensive individuals in the pandemic process by advising on adequate-balanced nutrition, physical exercise, and sleep to maintain blood pressure control and functional health. Nurses’ support of hypertensive individuals in the pandemic process can contribute to maintaining public Health for post-pandemic and future disasters.
With this review, COVID-19’s relationship with ACE and recommendations on which topics can be counseled by nurses to hypertensive individuals who are in the disadvantaged group during a pandemic are trying to be discussed.
Keywords
References
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Covid-19, Hipertansiyon ve Hemşirelik Bakımında Önemli Üç Başlık: Fiziksel Egzersiz, Yeterli-Dengeli Beslenme, Uyku
Abstract
Yeni koronavirüs (COVID-19) Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Wuhan şehrinde Aralık 2019 tarihinde ortaya çıkmış ve dünya geneline yayılarak küresel bir salgın haline gelmiştir.
Dünyada COVID-19 verileri değerlendirildiğinde enfekte olan ve yaşamını yitiren bireylerin sayısı her geçen gün hızla artmaktadır. COVID-19’un bağışıklık problemleri, komorbidite öyküsü ve yaşlıları içeren toplumun savunmasız üyeleri için çok daha ciddi bir şekilde ele alınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. COVID-19 ile ilgili raporlarda komorbiditeler arasında hipertansiyon dikkat çekmektedir. Hipertansiyon ile COVID-19 arasındaki ilişkinin Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) ile bağlantılı olabileceği net olmamakla birlikte üzerinde durulan bir konudur. İnsanlarda COVID-19’un konak hücrelere ACE2 aracılığıyla bağlandığı belirtilmektedir. COVID-19 ve ACE2 ile ilgili basın ve sosyal medya üzerinden yayılan bilgi kirliliği antihipertansif ilaçlara yönelik uyum sorunu yaşanmasına sebep olabilir. Yapılan açıklamalarda; COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde hastalık yükünü azaltmak için kan basıncı kontrolünün önemli bir unsur olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.
Hemşireler pandemi sürecinde hipertansif bireylerin kan basıncı kontrolünü ve fonksiyonel sağlıklarını sürdürmek için yeterli-dengeli beslenme, fiziksel egzersiz ve uyku konularında danışmanlık yaparak yardımcı olabilirler. Hemşirelerin hipertansif bireylere pandemi sürecinde bu konularda destek olması pandemi sonrası ve gelecekte olabilecek afetlere yönelik toplum sağlığının sürdürülmesine katkı sağlayabilir.
Bu derleme ile COVID-19’un ACE2 ile ilişkisi ve pandemi sürecinde dezavantajlı grup içerisinde bulunan hipertansif bireylere hemşireler tarafından hangi başlıklar içinde danışmanlık hizmeti verilebileceğine yönelik öneriler anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Keywords
References
- 1. Zheng Y, Ma Y, Zhang J, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020;17(1):259–260.
- 2. WHO (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019(Erişim tarihi:16.07.2020).
- 3. Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, Lee S, Kim HS, Myoung J, et al. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2020;30(3): 313-324.
- 4. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020) Yeni Coronavirüs (COVID-19) https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/ Erişim tarihi:15.07.2020).
- 5. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China’. The Lancet 2020;395(10223): 497-506.
- 6. Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology 2020;1-15.
- 7. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA internal medicine 2020.
- 8. Maddaloni E, Buzzetti R. Covid‐19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 2020.
- 9. European Society of Cardiology. Position statement of the ESC Council on Hypertension on ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (2020). https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Membership (Erişim tarihi: 13.07.2020)
- 10. Cheung BM, Cheung, TT. Nice new hypertension guidelines. World J Hypertens 2012;23(2):5.
- 11. Umman B, Koylan N. Hipertansiyon Tedavisinde Yeni Bir Adım: Angiotensin II Antagonistleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Cardiology 1996;9(2):118-122.
- 12. Yürüyen G, Toprak İD, Toprak Z, Akarsu M, Demir P, Arman Y, et al. Türk hipertansiyon uzlaşı raporu kılavuzluğunda tedavi seçimi: Önerilere ne kadar uyuyoruz?. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 2018;46(1):25-31.
- 13. Guyton AC, Hall JE, Çavuşoğlu H, Yeğen BÇ, Aydın Z, et al. Tıbbi fizyoloji. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri. 2007.
- 14. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet 2020.
- 15. Kuster GM, Pfister O, Burkard, T, Zhou Q, Twerenbold R, Haaf P, et al. SARS-CoV2: should inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system be withdrawn in patients with COVID-19?. European Heart Journal 2020;235.
- 16. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020;579(7798):270-273.
- 17. Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, et al. A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury. Nature Medicine 2005;11(8):875-879.
- 18. Alhogbani T. Acute myocarditis associated with novel Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus. Annals of Saudi medicine 2006;36(1):78-80.
- 19. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clinical Research in Cardiology 2020; 1-8.
- 20. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?. The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine 2020.
- 21. ACC/AHA (2020). HFSA/ACC/AHA Statement Addresses Concerns Re: Using RAAS Antagonists in COVID-19, https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/17/08/59/hfsa-acc-aha-statement-addresses-concerns-re-using-raas-antagonists-in-covid-19 (Erişim tarihi:14.07.2020)
- 22. Agorastos A, Hauger RL, Barkauskas DA, Moeller-Bertram T, Clopton PL, Haji U, et al. Circadian rhythmicity, variability and correlation of interleukin-6 levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014;44:71-82.
- 23. Fernandez DM, Clemente JC, Giannarelli C. Physical activity, immune system, and the microbiome in cardiovascular disease. Frontiers in Physiology 2018;9:763.
- 24.Weinhold F, Landis CR, Glendening ED. What is NBO analysis and how is it useful?. International Reviews in Physical Chemistry 2016;35(3):399-440.
- 25. Börjesson P. Potential för ökad tillförsel och avsättning av inhemsk biomassa i en växande svensk bioekonomi. Lund University. Department of Technology and Society. Environmental and Energy Systems Studies 2016
- 26. Meyer R, Chebar LA, Fleischer DM, Vieira MC, Du TG, Vandenplas Y, et al. Diagnosis and management of Non‐IgE gastrointestinal allergies in breastfed infants—An EAACI Position Paper. Allergy 2020;75(1):14-32.
- 27. Agorastos A, Hauger RL, Barkauskas DA, Moeller-Bertram T, Clopton PL, Haji U, et al. Circadian rhythmicity, variability and correlation of interleukin-6 levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014;44:71-82.
- 28. Dowd JB, Goldman N, Weinstein M. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and biomarkers of inflammation in a Taiwanese population. Annals of Epidemiology 2011;21(11):799-806.
- 29. Lange T, Dimitrov S, Bollinger T, Diekelmann S, Born J. Sleep after vaccination boosts immunological memory. The Journal of Immunology 2011;187(1):283-290.
- 30. Bang KS, Kim S, Song MK, Kang KI, Jeong Y. The effects of a health promotion program using urban forests and nursing student mentors on the perceived and psychological health of elementary school children in vulnerable populations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018;15(9):1977.
- 31. Arslan G, Mollaoğlu M. Evaluating sleep quality in patients with hypertension. Primary Health Care 2020;30(3).
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nursing |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 1, 2021 |
| Submission Date | May 2, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |