BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Effect of Exercise on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 306 - 316, 14.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.85937

Öz

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of disability and death due to the complications accompanying this disease. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance has increased worldwide during the last decades, despite the development of effective drug therapy and improved clinical diagnoses. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that individuals who maintain a physically active lifestyle are much less likely to develop impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Additional to protective effect of physical activity for individuals at highest risk of developing diabetes mellitus, physical activity has positice impacts on fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose level for patients overt diabetes. The essential mechanism of exercises is enhancing sensitivity of insulin on pheripheral tissues (especially skeletal muscle). With exercise training significant improvements in glucose metabolism is observed in many of these studies. Especially, the improvements in insulin sensitivity with exercise training observed better in high magnitude of aerobic exercises. Also adaptation of patients is very high to combined type exercises. However worldwide standardization of these training programmes in many of the studies is lacking and current practice in daily life is unsatisfactory.

Kaynakça

  • Harris MI. Classification, diagnostic criteria, and screening for diabetes. In: Diabetes in America, sponsored by the National Data Group. NIH, NIDDK, Publication No. 95-1468, 1995.
  • Peinado AB, Rojo-Tirado MA, Benito PJ. Sugar and exercise: its importance in athletes. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28:48-56.
  • Karolkiewicz J, Michalak E, Pospieszna B, Deskur-Smielecka E, Nowak A, Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L. Response of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters to an 8-week aerobic physical activity program in healthy, postmenopausal women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49:67-71.
  • Ivy JL. Role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sports Med. 1997;24:321-36.
  • Nyholm B, Mengal A, Nielsen S. Insulin resistance in relatives of NIDDM patients: the role of physical fitness and muscle metabolism: Diabetologia 1996;39:813-22.
  • Reaven GM. Syndrome X. Clin Diabetes. 1994;12:336.
  • Kjaer M, Hollenbeck CB, Frey-Hewitt B, Galbo H, Haskell W, Reaven GM. Glucoregulation and hormonal responses to maximal exercise in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. J Appl Physiol. 1990;68:2067-74.
  • Koivisto VA, Defronzo RA. Exercise in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Acta Endocrinol. 1984;2:107-11.
  • American Diabetes Association. Diabetes: 1996 Vital Statistics. Alexandria, VA ADA, 1996.
  • Caro JF, Dohm WJ, Pories WJ, Sinha MK. Cellular alterations in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue responsible for insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1989;5:665-89.
  • Burstein RY, Esptein Y, Shapiro Y, Cahruzi I, Karnieli E. Effect of an acute bout of exercise on glucose disposal in human obesity. J Appl Physiol. 1990;69:299-304.
  • Blair SN, Kohl H.W, Paffenbarger RS, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all- cause mortality: a prospective study of healty men and women. JAMA. 1989;262:2395-401.
  • Koivisto VA, Yki-Jarvinen H, Defronzo RA. Physical training and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Metab. Rev. 1986;1:445-81.
  • Barnard RJ, Ugianskis EJ, Martin DA. The effects of an intensive diet and exercise program on patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 1992;12:194-201.
  • Arias EB, Gosselin LE, Cartee GD. Exercise training eliminates age-related differences in skeletal muscle insulin receptor and IRS-1 abundance in rats. J Gerontology. 2001;56: 449–55.
  • Blair S, Cheng Y, Holder J. Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:379-99.
  • Chakravarthy MV, Joyner MJ, Booth FW. An obligation for primary care physicians to prescribe activity to sedentary patients to reduce the risk of chronic health conditions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77:165-73.
  • Roberts CK, Little JP, Thyfault JP. Modification of insulin sensitivity and glycemic control by activity and exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45:1868-77.
  • Linmans JJ, Spigt MG, Deneer L, Lucas AE, de Bakker M, Gidding LG et al. Effect of lifestyle intervention for people with diabetes or prediabetes in real-world primary care: propensity score analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:95.
  • Eriksson JG. Exercise and the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. an update. Sports Med. 1999;27:381-91.
  • Ryan AS. Insulin resistance with aging: effects of diet and exercise. Sports Med. 2000;30:327-46.
  • Lee H, Chang H, Park JK, Kim SY, Choi KM, Song W. Exercise training improves basal blood glucose metabolism with no changes of cytosolic inhibitor B kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in skeletal muscle of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Exp Physiol. 2011;96:689-98.
  • Cortright RN, Dohm GL. Mechanism by which insulin and muscle concentration stimulate glucose transport. Can J Appl Physiol. 1997;22:519-30.
  • Dela F, Mikines KJ, Sonne B, Galbo H. Effect of training on interaction between insulin and exercise in human muscle. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76:2386-93.
  • Dylewicz P, Bieńkowska S, Szcześniak Ł, Rychlewski T, Przywarska I, Wilk M et al. Beneficial effect of short-term endurance training on glucose metabolism during rehabilitation after coronary bypass surgery. Chest. 2000;117:47-51.
  • Farese RV. Function and dysfunction of aPKC isoforms for glucose transport in insulin-sensitive and insulin resistance states. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283:1-11.
  • Maiorana A, O’Driscoll G, Goodman C, Taylor R, Green D. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves glycemic control and fitness in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002;56:115- 23.
  • Kasprzak Z, Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L. Effects of regular physical exercises in the water on the metabolic profile of women with abdominal obesity. J Hum Kinet. 2014;41:71-9.
  • Nowak A, Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L, Sliwicka E, Deskur-Smielecka E, Karolkiewicz J, Piechowiak A. Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in obese women: the effects of a recreational training program. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008;48:252-8.
  • Van Dijk JW, Manders RJ, Canfora EE, Mechelen WV, Hartgens F, Stehouwer CD et al. Exercise and 24-h glycemic control: equal effects for all type 2 diabetes patients? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45:628-35.
  • Manders RJ, Van Dijk JW, van Loon LJ. Low-intensity exercise reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:219-25.
  • Van Dijk JW, Manders RJ, Tummers K, Bonomi AG, Stehouwer CD, Hartgens F et al. Both esistance- and endurance-type exercise reduce the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and in insülin-treated and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2012;55:1273-82.
  • Coyle EF, Hagberg JM, Hurley BS, Martin WH, Ehsani AA, Holloszy JO. Carbonhydate feeding during prolonged strenuous exercise can delay fatigue. J Appl Physiol. 1983;55:230-5.
  • Gordon N. The exercise prescription. In: The Health Professional's Guide to Diabetes and Exercise (Ed. ADA):71-82. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, 1995.
  • Correspondence Address / Yazışma Adresi

Tip 2 Diyabetik Hastalarda Egzersizin Glikoz Metabolizmasına Etkisi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 306 - 316, 14.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.85937

Öz

Diyabetes mellitus hastalık sürecinde gelişen komplikasyonlara bağlı engellilik ve ölüm nedenlerinin başında gelmektedir. Etkili ilaç tedavilerine ve ileri klinik tanı yöntemlerine rağmen, tip 2 diyabetes Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi . Archives Medical Review Journal 2015; 24(3):306-316 Koca ve Talu 307 mellitus ve insülin direnci sıklığı son yıllarda artmıştır. Son yıllardaki epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda fiziksel olarak aktif yaşam sürdüren bireylerde daha az bozulmuş glikoz toleransı ve diyabetes mellitus geliştiği vurgulanmaktadır. Diyabetes mellitus gelişimi için yüksek risk taşıyan bireylerde fiziksel aktivitenin koruyucu etkisine ek olarak; diyabet tanısı almış hastalarda fiziksel aktivite açlık glukozu, insulin duyarlılığı ve kan glukoz düzeylerini olumlu etkilemektedir. Egzersizin asıl etki mekanizması ise insulinin periferik dokularda (özellikle iskelet kası) duyarlılığını artırmaktır. Egzersiz eğitimi ile glikoz metabolizmasında belirgin iyileşmeler pek çok çalışmada gözlenmiştir. Egzersiz eğitimi ile insülin duyarlılığındaki iyileşmeler özellikle yüksek yoğunlukta aerobik egzersizlerde gözlenmiştir. Ek olarak hastaların kombine tip egzersizlere uyumu ise yüksek bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte dünya üzerinde pek çok çalışmada bu eğitici programların standardizasyonu eksik ve günlük hayattakipratik uygulama yetersizdir.

Kaynakça

  • Harris MI. Classification, diagnostic criteria, and screening for diabetes. In: Diabetes in America, sponsored by the National Data Group. NIH, NIDDK, Publication No. 95-1468, 1995.
  • Peinado AB, Rojo-Tirado MA, Benito PJ. Sugar and exercise: its importance in athletes. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28:48-56.
  • Karolkiewicz J, Michalak E, Pospieszna B, Deskur-Smielecka E, Nowak A, Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L. Response of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters to an 8-week aerobic physical activity program in healthy, postmenopausal women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49:67-71.
  • Ivy JL. Role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sports Med. 1997;24:321-36.
  • Nyholm B, Mengal A, Nielsen S. Insulin resistance in relatives of NIDDM patients: the role of physical fitness and muscle metabolism: Diabetologia 1996;39:813-22.
  • Reaven GM. Syndrome X. Clin Diabetes. 1994;12:336.
  • Kjaer M, Hollenbeck CB, Frey-Hewitt B, Galbo H, Haskell W, Reaven GM. Glucoregulation and hormonal responses to maximal exercise in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. J Appl Physiol. 1990;68:2067-74.
  • Koivisto VA, Defronzo RA. Exercise in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Acta Endocrinol. 1984;2:107-11.
  • American Diabetes Association. Diabetes: 1996 Vital Statistics. Alexandria, VA ADA, 1996.
  • Caro JF, Dohm WJ, Pories WJ, Sinha MK. Cellular alterations in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue responsible for insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1989;5:665-89.
  • Burstein RY, Esptein Y, Shapiro Y, Cahruzi I, Karnieli E. Effect of an acute bout of exercise on glucose disposal in human obesity. J Appl Physiol. 1990;69:299-304.
  • Blair SN, Kohl H.W, Paffenbarger RS, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all- cause mortality: a prospective study of healty men and women. JAMA. 1989;262:2395-401.
  • Koivisto VA, Yki-Jarvinen H, Defronzo RA. Physical training and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Metab. Rev. 1986;1:445-81.
  • Barnard RJ, Ugianskis EJ, Martin DA. The effects of an intensive diet and exercise program on patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 1992;12:194-201.
  • Arias EB, Gosselin LE, Cartee GD. Exercise training eliminates age-related differences in skeletal muscle insulin receptor and IRS-1 abundance in rats. J Gerontology. 2001;56: 449–55.
  • Blair S, Cheng Y, Holder J. Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:379-99.
  • Chakravarthy MV, Joyner MJ, Booth FW. An obligation for primary care physicians to prescribe activity to sedentary patients to reduce the risk of chronic health conditions. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002;77:165-73.
  • Roberts CK, Little JP, Thyfault JP. Modification of insulin sensitivity and glycemic control by activity and exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45:1868-77.
  • Linmans JJ, Spigt MG, Deneer L, Lucas AE, de Bakker M, Gidding LG et al. Effect of lifestyle intervention for people with diabetes or prediabetes in real-world primary care: propensity score analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:95.
  • Eriksson JG. Exercise and the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. an update. Sports Med. 1999;27:381-91.
  • Ryan AS. Insulin resistance with aging: effects of diet and exercise. Sports Med. 2000;30:327-46.
  • Lee H, Chang H, Park JK, Kim SY, Choi KM, Song W. Exercise training improves basal blood glucose metabolism with no changes of cytosolic inhibitor B kinase or c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in skeletal muscle of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats. Exp Physiol. 2011;96:689-98.
  • Cortright RN, Dohm GL. Mechanism by which insulin and muscle concentration stimulate glucose transport. Can J Appl Physiol. 1997;22:519-30.
  • Dela F, Mikines KJ, Sonne B, Galbo H. Effect of training on interaction between insulin and exercise in human muscle. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76:2386-93.
  • Dylewicz P, Bieńkowska S, Szcześniak Ł, Rychlewski T, Przywarska I, Wilk M et al. Beneficial effect of short-term endurance training on glucose metabolism during rehabilitation after coronary bypass surgery. Chest. 2000;117:47-51.
  • Farese RV. Function and dysfunction of aPKC isoforms for glucose transport in insulin-sensitive and insulin resistance states. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283:1-11.
  • Maiorana A, O’Driscoll G, Goodman C, Taylor R, Green D. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves glycemic control and fitness in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002;56:115- 23.
  • Kasprzak Z, Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L. Effects of regular physical exercises in the water on the metabolic profile of women with abdominal obesity. J Hum Kinet. 2014;41:71-9.
  • Nowak A, Pilaczynska-Szczesniak L, Sliwicka E, Deskur-Smielecka E, Karolkiewicz J, Piechowiak A. Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in obese women: the effects of a recreational training program. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2008;48:252-8.
  • Van Dijk JW, Manders RJ, Canfora EE, Mechelen WV, Hartgens F, Stehouwer CD et al. Exercise and 24-h glycemic control: equal effects for all type 2 diabetes patients? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45:628-35.
  • Manders RJ, Van Dijk JW, van Loon LJ. Low-intensity exercise reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:219-25.
  • Van Dijk JW, Manders RJ, Tummers K, Bonomi AG, Stehouwer CD, Hartgens F et al. Both esistance- and endurance-type exercise reduce the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and in insülin-treated and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2012;55:1273-82.
  • Coyle EF, Hagberg JM, Hurley BS, Martin WH, Ehsani AA, Holloszy JO. Carbonhydate feeding during prolonged strenuous exercise can delay fatigue. J Appl Physiol. 1983;55:230-5.
  • Gordon N. The exercise prescription. In: The Health Professional's Guide to Diabetes and Exercise (Ed. ADA):71-82. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, 1995.
  • Correspondence Address / Yazışma Adresi
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Tuba Koca

Burcu Talu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Koca T, Talu B. The Effect of Exercise on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. aktd. Eylül 2015;24(3):306-316. doi:10.17827/aktd.85937