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Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and New Therapeutics

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 199 - 208, 30.09.2020

Öz

The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle and the diaphragm function is of vital importance for optimal breathing. Diaphragm dysfunction may accompany various systemic neuromuscular diseases and increase the risk of death. Furthermore, the use of mechanical ventilation (MV) therapy leads to ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Recently, VIDD has been shown to be associated with the severity of weaning from the ventilator in most critical patients. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of VIDD.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Dos Santos CC, Reynolds S, Batt J. Searching for the "Spark" in Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196:1498-1500.
  • Referans2 Tang H, Shrager JB. The Signaling Network Resulting in Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2018;59:417-27.
  • Referans3 Vassilakopoulos T, Petrof BJ. Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169:336-41.
  • Referans4 Powers SK, Wiggs MP, Sollanek KJ, Smuder AJ. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction: cause and effect. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013;305:R464-77.
  • Referans5 Knisely AS, Leal SM, Singer DB. Abnormalities of diaphragmatic muscle in neonates with ventilated lungs. J Pediatr. 1988;113:1074-7.
  • Referans6 Anzueto A, Peters JI, Tobin MJ, de los Santos R, Seidenfeld JJ, Moore G et al. Effects of prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic function in healthy adult baboons. Crit Care Med. 1997;25:1187-90.
  • Referans7 Le Bourdelles G, Viires N, Boczkowski J, Seta N, Pavlovic D, Aubier M. Effects of mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic contractile properties in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:1539-44.
  • Referans8 Radell PJ, Remahl S, Nichols DG, Eriksson LI. Effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation and inactivity on piglet diaphragm function. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:358-64.
  • Referans9 Sassoon CS, Caiozzo VJ, Manka A, Sieck GC. Altered diaphragm contractile properties with controlled mechanical ventilation. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002;92:2585-95.
  • Referans10 Shanely RA, Coombes JS, Zergeroglu AM, Webb AI, Powers SK. Short-duration mechanical ventilation enhances diaphragmatic fatigue resistance but impairs force production. Chest. 2003;123:195-201.
  • Referans11 Levine S, Nguyen T, Taylor N, Friscia ME, Budak MT, Rothenberg P et al. Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1327-35.
  • Referans12 Grosu HB, Lee YI, Lee J, Eden E, Eikermann M, Rose KM. Diaphragm muscle thinning in patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest. 2012;142:1455-60.
  • Referans13 Hermans G, Agten A, Testelmans D, Decramer M, Gayan-Ramirez G. Increased duration of mechanical ventilation is associated with decreased diaphragmatic force: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2010;14:R127.
  • Referans14 Jaber S, Petrof BJ, Jung B, Chanques G, Berthet JP, Rabuel C et al. Rapidly progressive diaphragmatic weakness and injury during mechanical ventilation in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:364-71.
  • Referans15 Hooijman PE, Beishuizen A, Witt CC, de Waard MC, Girbes AR, Spoelstra-de Man AM et al. Diaphragm muscle fiber weakness and ubiquitin-proteasome activation in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:1126-38.
  • Referans16 Powers SK, Shanely RA, Coombes JS, Koesterer TJ, McKenzie M, Van Gammeren D et al. Mechanical ventilation results in progressive contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002;92:1851-8.
  • Referans17 Rácz GZ, Gayan-Ramirez G, Testelmans D, Cadot P, De Paepe K, Zádor E et al. Early changes in rat diaphragm biology with mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:297-304.
  • Referans18 McClung JM, Kavazis AN, DeRuisseau KC, Falk DJ, Deering MA, Lee Y et al. Caspase-3 regulation of diaphragm myonuclear domain during mechanical ventilation-induced atrophy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:150-9.
  • Referans19 Kim WY, Lim CM. Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Role of Pharmacological Agents. Respir Care. 2017;62:1485-91.
  • Referans20 Petrof BJ, Hussain SN. Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction: what have we learned? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2016;22:67-72.
  • Referans21 Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:1243-76.
  • Referans22 Falk DJ, Deruisseau KC, Van Gammeren DL, Deering MA, Kavazis AN, Powers SK. Mechanical ventilation promotes redox status alterations in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;101:1017-24.
  • Referans23 Reid MB, Moylan JS. Beyond atrophy: redox mechanisms of muscle dysfunction in chronic inflammatory disease. J Physiol. 2011;589:2171-9.
  • Referans24 Kavazis AN, Talbert EE, Smuder AJ, Hudson MB, Nelson WB, Powers SK. Mechanical ventilation induces diaphragmatic mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant production. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;46:842-50.
  • Referans25 Ochala J, Radell PJ, Eriksson LI, Larsson L. EMD 57033 partially reverses ventilator-induced diaphragm muscle fibre calcium desensitisation. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459:475-83.
  • Referans26 Andrade FH, Reid MB, Westerblad H. Contractile response of skeletal muscle to low peroxide concentrations: myofibrillar calcium sensitivity as a likely target for redox-modulation. FASEB J. 2001;15:309-11.
  • Referans27 Tang H, Lee M, Budak MT, Pietras N, Hittinger S, Vu M et al. Intrinsic apoptosis in mechanically ventilated human diaphragm: linkage to a novel Fos/FoxO1/Stat3-Bim axis. FASEB J. 2011;25:2921-36.
  • Referans28 Edman KA. Contractile performance of striated muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;682:7-40.
  • Referans29 Doering LV, Imperial-Perez F, Monsein S, Esmailian F. Preoperative and postoperative predictors of early and delayed extubation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Am J Crit Care. 1998 ;7:37-44. Referans30 Testelmans D, Maes K, Wouters P, Gosselin N, Deruisseau K, Powers S et al. Rocuronium exacerbates mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:3018-23.
  • Referans31 Testelmans D, Maes K, Wouters P, Powers SK, Decramer M, Gayan-Ramirez G. Infusions of rocuronium and cisatracurium exert different effects on rat diaphragm function. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:872-879.
  • Referans32 Lieu FK, Powers SK, Herb RA, Criswell D, Martin D, Wood C et al. Exercise and glucocorticoid-induced diaphragmatic myopathy. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993;75:763-71.
  • Referans33 Sassoon CS, Zhu E, Pham HT, Nelson RS, Fang L, Baker MJ et al. Acute effects of high-dose methylprednisolone on diaphragm muscle function. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38:1161-72.
  • Referans34 Supinski GS, Morris PE, Dhar S, Callahan LA. Diaphragm Dysfunction in Critical Illness. Chest. 2018;153:1040-51.
  • Referans35 Supinski GS, Wang L, Song XH, Moylan JS, Callahan LA. Muscle-specific calpastatin overexpression prevents diaphragm weakness in cecal ligation puncture-induced sepsis. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014;117:921-9.
  • Referans36 Powers SK, Kavazis AN, Levine S. Prolonged mechanical ventilation alters diaphragmatic structure and function. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:S347-53.
  • Referans37 Shanely RA, Van Gammeren D, Deruisseau KC, Zergeroglu AM, McKenzie MJ, Yarasheski KE et al. Mechanical ventilation depresses protein synthesis in the rat diaphragm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:994-9.
  • Referans38 Liu YY, Li LF. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction in critical illness. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2018;243:1329-1337. Referans39 Nelson WB, Smuder AJ, Hudson MB, Talbert EE, Powers SK. Cross-talk between the calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic systems in the diaphragm during prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:1857-63.
  • Referans40 Hussain SN, Mofarrahi M, Sigala I, Kim HC, Vassilakopoulos T, Maltais F et al. Mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm disuse in humans triggers autophagy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:1377-86.
  • Referans41 Høyer-Hansen M, Bastholm L, Szyniarowski P, Campanella M, Szabadkai G, Farkas T et al. Control of macroautophagy by calcium, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta, and Bcl-2. Mol Cell. 2007;25:193-205.
  • Referans42 Zhu E, Sassoon CS, Nelson R, Pham HT, Zhu L, Baker MJ et al. Early effects of mechanical ventilation on isotonic contractile properties and MAF-box gene expression in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;99:747-56.
  • Referans43 Bernard N, Matecki S, Py G, Lopez S, Mercier J, Capdevila X. Effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on respiratory muscle ultrastructure and mitochondrial respiration in rabbits. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:111-8.
  • Referans44 Radell P, Edström L, Stibler H, Eriksson LI, Ansved T. Changes in diaphragm structure following prolonged mechanical ventilation in piglets. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004;48:430-7. Referans45 Smuder AJ, Sollanek KJ, Min K, Nelson WB, Powers SK. Inhibition of forkhead boxO-specific transcription prevents mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 2015;43:e133-42.
  • Referans46 Smuder AJ, Hudson MB, Nelson WB, Kavazis AN, Powers SK. Nuclear factor-κB signaling contributes to mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm weakness. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:927-34.
  • Referans47 Agten A, Maes K, Thomas D, Cielen N, Van Hees HW, Dekhuijzen RP et al. Bortezomib partially protects the rat diaphragm from ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:2449-55.
  • Referans48 Bruells CS, Maes K, Rossaint R, Thomas D, Cielen N, Bleilevens C et al. Prolonged mechanical ventilation alters the expression pattern of angio-neogenetic factors in a pre-clinical rat model. PLoS One. 2013;8:e70524.
  • Referans49 Kwon OS, Smuder AJ, Wiggs MP, Hall SE, Sollanek KJ, Morton AB et al. Talbert EE, Toklu HZ, Tumer N, Powers SK. AT1 receptor blocker losartan protects against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2015;119:1033-41.
  • Referans50 Welvaart WN, Paul MA, Kuster DW, van Wieringen W, Rustenburg F, Stienen GJ et al. Gene expression profile in the diaphragm following contractile inactivity during thoracic surgery. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2011;3:167-75.
  • Referans51 Tang H, Smith IJ, Hussain SN, Goldberg P, Lee M, Sugiarto S et al. The JAK-STAT pathway is critical in ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Mol Med. 2015;20:579-89.
  • Referans52 Sassoon CS, Zhu E, Caiozzo VJ. Assist-control mechanical ventilation attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:626-32.
  • Referans53 Laghi F, Tobin MJ. Disorders of the respiratory muscles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:10-48.
  • Referans54 Mills GH, Kyroussis D, Hamnegard CH, Wragg S, Polkey MI, Moxham J et al. Cervical magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves in bilateral diaphragm paralysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:1565-9.
  • Referans55 Mier A, Brophy C, Moxham J, Green M. Twitch pressures in the assessment of diaphragm weakness. Thorax. 1989;44:990-6.
  • Referans56 Umbrello M, Formenti P, Longhi D, Galimberti A, Piva I, Pezzi A et al. Diaphragm ultrasound as indicator of respiratory effort in critically ill patients undergoing assisted mechanical ventilation: a pilot clinical study. Crit Care. 2015;19:161.
  • Referans57 Ueki J, De Bruin PF, Pride NB. In vivo assessment of diaphragm contraction by ultrasound in normal subjects. Thorax. 1995;50:1157-61.
  • Referans58 Aslan GK, Huseyinsinoglu BE, Oflazer P, Gurses N, Kiyan E. Inspiratory Muscle Training in Late-Onset Pompe Disease: The Effects on Pulmonary Function Tests, Quality of Life, and Sleep Quality. Lung. 2016;194:555-61.
  • Referans59 Martin AD, Smith BK, Davenport PD, Harman E, Gonzalez-Rothi RJ, Baz M et al. Inspiratory muscle strength training improves weaning outcome in failure to wean patients: a randomized trial. Crit Care. 2011;15:R84.
  • Referans60 Jung B, Constantin JM, Rossel N, Le Goff C, Sebbane M, Coisel Y et al. Adaptive support ventilation prevents ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in piglet: an in vivo and in vitro study. Anesthesiology. 2010;112:1435-43.
  • Referans61 Reynolds SC, Meyyappan R, Thakkar V, Tran BD, Nolette MA, Sadarangani G et al. Mitigation of Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Atrophy by Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:339-348.
  • Referans62 Thomas D, Maes K, Agten A, Heunks L, Dekhuijzen R, Decramer M et al. Time course of diaphragm function recovery after controlled mechanical ventilation in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115:775-84.
  • Referans63 Smuder AJ, Min K, Hudson MB, Kavazis AN, Kwon OS, Nelson WB et al. Endurance exercise attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012;112:501-10.
  • Referans64 Hulzebos EH, Helders PJ, Favié NJ, De Bie RA, Brutel de la Riviere A, Van Meeteren NL. Preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2006;296:1851-7.
  • Referans65 Jung B, Sebbane M, Le Goff C, Rossel N, Chanques G, Futier E et al. Moderate and prolonged hypercapnic acidosis may protect against ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in healthy piglet: an in vivo study. Crit Care. 2013;17:R15.
  • Referans66 Schellekens WJ, van Hees HW, Kox M, Linkels M, Acuña GL, Dekhuijzen PN et al. Hypercapnia attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragm atrophy and modulates dysfunction. Crit Care. 2014;18:R28.
  • Referans67 Servais S, Letexier D, Favier R, Duchamp C, Desplanches D. Prevention of unloading-induced atrophy by vitamin E supplementation: links between oxidative stress and soleus muscle proteolysis? Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;42:627-35.
  • Referans68 Powers SK, Hudson MB, Nelson WB, Talbert EE, Min K, Szeto HH et al. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm weakness. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:1749-59.
  • Referans69 McClung JM, Kavazis AN, Whidden MA, DeRuisseau KC, Falk DJ, Criswell DS et al. Antioxidant administration attenuates mechanical ventilation-induced rat diaphragm muscle atrophy independent of protein kinase B (PKB Akt) signalling. J Physiol. 2007;585:203-15.
  • Referans70 Shanely RA, Zergeroglu MA, Lennon SL, Sugiura T, Yimlamai T, Enns D et al. Mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy is associated with oxidative injury and increased proteolytic activity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:1369-74.
  • Referans71 Cosio BG, Tsaprouni L, Ito K, Jazrawi E, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ. Theophylline restores histone deacetylase activity and steroid responses in COPD macrophages. J Exp Med. 2004;200:689-95.
  • Referans72 Hirano T, Yamagata T, Gohda M, Yamagata Y, Ichikawa T, Yanagisawa S et al. Inhibition of reactive nitrogen species production in COPD airways: comparison of inhaled corticosteroid and oral theophylline. Thorax. 2006;61:761-6.
  • Referans73 Viires N, Aubier M, Murciano D, Marty C, Pariente R. Effects of theophylline on isolated diaphragmatic fibers. A model for pharmacologic studies on diaphragmatic contractility. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 ;133:1060-4.
  • Referans74 Aubier M, De Troyer A, Sampson M, Macklem PT, Roussos C. Aminophylline improves diaphragmatic contractility. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:249-52.
  • Referans75 Masmoudi H, Coirault C, Demoule A, Mayaux J, Beuvin M, Romero N et al. Can phrenic stimulation protect the diaphragm from mechanical ventilation-induced damage? Eur Respir J. 2013;42:280-3.
  • Referans76 Yang M, Wang H, Han G, Chen L, Huang L, Jiang J et al. Phrenic nerve stimulation protects against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats. Muscle Nerve. 2013;48:958-62.
  • Referans77 Breuer T, Hatam N, Grabiger B, Marx G, Behnke BJ, Weis J et al. Kinetics of ventilation-induced changes in diaphragmatic metabolism by bilateral phrenic pacing in a piglet model. Sci Rep. 2016;6:35725.
  • Referans78 Martin AD, Joseph AM, Beaver TM, Smith BK, Martin TD, Berg K et al. Effect of intermittent phrenic nerve stimulation during cardiothoracic surgery on mitochondrial respiration in the human diaphragm. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:e152-6.
  • Referans79 Ahn B, Beaver T, Martin T, Hess P, Brumback BA, Ahmed S et al. Phrenic nerve stimulation increases human diaphragm fiber force after cardiothoracic surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190:837-9.
  • Referans80 Reynolds S, Ebner A, Meffen T, Thakkar V, Gani M, Taylor K et al. Diaphragm Activation in Ventilated Patients Using a Novel Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Pacing Catheter. Crit Care Med. 2017;45:e691-e694.
  • Referans81 Kaufman MR, Elkwood AI, Colicchio AR, CeCe J, Jarrahy R, Willekes LJ et al. Functional restoration of diaphragmatic paralysis: an evaluation of phrenic nerve reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014;97:260-6.
  • Referans82 Podgaetz E, Garza-Castillon R Jr, Andrade RS. Best Approach and Benefit of Plication for Paralyzed Diaphragm. Thorac Surg Clin. 2016;26:333-46.
  • Referans83 Kwak T, Lazzaro R, Pournik H, Ciaburri D, Tortolani A, Gulkarov I. Robotic thoracoscopic plication for symptomatic diaphragm paralysis. J Robot Surg. 2012;6:345-8.

Ventilatör İlişkili Diyafram Disfonksiyonu: Patogenez, Tanı ve Yeni Tedaviler

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 199 - 208, 30.09.2020

Öz

Diyafram, ana
inspiryum kasıdır ve optimal solunum için diyafram fonksiyonunun hayati önemi
vardır. Diyafram yetmezliği, çeşitli sistemik nöromüsküler hastalıklara eşlik edebilir
ve ölüm riskini artırır. Ayrıca, mekanik ventilasyon (MV) kullanımı, ventilatör
ilişkili diyafram disfonksiyonuna (VİDD) yol açar. Son zamanlarda, VİDD’nin,
kritik hastaların çoğunda olup, ventilatörden ayrılma zorlukları ile ilişkili
olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu derleme, VİDD patogenezini, tanısını ve tedavisini
özetlemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Dos Santos CC, Reynolds S, Batt J. Searching for the "Spark" in Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196:1498-1500.
  • Referans2 Tang H, Shrager JB. The Signaling Network Resulting in Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2018;59:417-27.
  • Referans3 Vassilakopoulos T, Petrof BJ. Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;169:336-41.
  • Referans4 Powers SK, Wiggs MP, Sollanek KJ, Smuder AJ. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction: cause and effect. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013;305:R464-77.
  • Referans5 Knisely AS, Leal SM, Singer DB. Abnormalities of diaphragmatic muscle in neonates with ventilated lungs. J Pediatr. 1988;113:1074-7.
  • Referans6 Anzueto A, Peters JI, Tobin MJ, de los Santos R, Seidenfeld JJ, Moore G et al. Effects of prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic function in healthy adult baboons. Crit Care Med. 1997;25:1187-90.
  • Referans7 Le Bourdelles G, Viires N, Boczkowski J, Seta N, Pavlovic D, Aubier M. Effects of mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic contractile properties in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:1539-44.
  • Referans8 Radell PJ, Remahl S, Nichols DG, Eriksson LI. Effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation and inactivity on piglet diaphragm function. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:358-64.
  • Referans9 Sassoon CS, Caiozzo VJ, Manka A, Sieck GC. Altered diaphragm contractile properties with controlled mechanical ventilation. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002;92:2585-95.
  • Referans10 Shanely RA, Coombes JS, Zergeroglu AM, Webb AI, Powers SK. Short-duration mechanical ventilation enhances diaphragmatic fatigue resistance but impairs force production. Chest. 2003;123:195-201.
  • Referans11 Levine S, Nguyen T, Taylor N, Friscia ME, Budak MT, Rothenberg P et al. Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1327-35.
  • Referans12 Grosu HB, Lee YI, Lee J, Eden E, Eikermann M, Rose KM. Diaphragm muscle thinning in patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest. 2012;142:1455-60.
  • Referans13 Hermans G, Agten A, Testelmans D, Decramer M, Gayan-Ramirez G. Increased duration of mechanical ventilation is associated with decreased diaphragmatic force: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2010;14:R127.
  • Referans14 Jaber S, Petrof BJ, Jung B, Chanques G, Berthet JP, Rabuel C et al. Rapidly progressive diaphragmatic weakness and injury during mechanical ventilation in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:364-71.
  • Referans15 Hooijman PE, Beishuizen A, Witt CC, de Waard MC, Girbes AR, Spoelstra-de Man AM et al. Diaphragm muscle fiber weakness and ubiquitin-proteasome activation in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:1126-38.
  • Referans16 Powers SK, Shanely RA, Coombes JS, Koesterer TJ, McKenzie M, Van Gammeren D et al. Mechanical ventilation results in progressive contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002;92:1851-8.
  • Referans17 Rácz GZ, Gayan-Ramirez G, Testelmans D, Cadot P, De Paepe K, Zádor E et al. Early changes in rat diaphragm biology with mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:297-304.
  • Referans18 McClung JM, Kavazis AN, DeRuisseau KC, Falk DJ, Deering MA, Lee Y et al. Caspase-3 regulation of diaphragm myonuclear domain during mechanical ventilation-induced atrophy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:150-9.
  • Referans19 Kim WY, Lim CM. Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Role of Pharmacological Agents. Respir Care. 2017;62:1485-91.
  • Referans20 Petrof BJ, Hussain SN. Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction: what have we learned? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2016;22:67-72.
  • Referans21 Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:1243-76.
  • Referans22 Falk DJ, Deruisseau KC, Van Gammeren DL, Deering MA, Kavazis AN, Powers SK. Mechanical ventilation promotes redox status alterations in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;101:1017-24.
  • Referans23 Reid MB, Moylan JS. Beyond atrophy: redox mechanisms of muscle dysfunction in chronic inflammatory disease. J Physiol. 2011;589:2171-9.
  • Referans24 Kavazis AN, Talbert EE, Smuder AJ, Hudson MB, Nelson WB, Powers SK. Mechanical ventilation induces diaphragmatic mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant production. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009;46:842-50.
  • Referans25 Ochala J, Radell PJ, Eriksson LI, Larsson L. EMD 57033 partially reverses ventilator-induced diaphragm muscle fibre calcium desensitisation. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459:475-83.
  • Referans26 Andrade FH, Reid MB, Westerblad H. Contractile response of skeletal muscle to low peroxide concentrations: myofibrillar calcium sensitivity as a likely target for redox-modulation. FASEB J. 2001;15:309-11.
  • Referans27 Tang H, Lee M, Budak MT, Pietras N, Hittinger S, Vu M et al. Intrinsic apoptosis in mechanically ventilated human diaphragm: linkage to a novel Fos/FoxO1/Stat3-Bim axis. FASEB J. 2011;25:2921-36.
  • Referans28 Edman KA. Contractile performance of striated muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;682:7-40.
  • Referans29 Doering LV, Imperial-Perez F, Monsein S, Esmailian F. Preoperative and postoperative predictors of early and delayed extubation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Am J Crit Care. 1998 ;7:37-44. Referans30 Testelmans D, Maes K, Wouters P, Gosselin N, Deruisseau K, Powers S et al. Rocuronium exacerbates mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:3018-23.
  • Referans31 Testelmans D, Maes K, Wouters P, Powers SK, Decramer M, Gayan-Ramirez G. Infusions of rocuronium and cisatracurium exert different effects on rat diaphragm function. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33:872-879.
  • Referans32 Lieu FK, Powers SK, Herb RA, Criswell D, Martin D, Wood C et al. Exercise and glucocorticoid-induced diaphragmatic myopathy. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993;75:763-71.
  • Referans33 Sassoon CS, Zhu E, Pham HT, Nelson RS, Fang L, Baker MJ et al. Acute effects of high-dose methylprednisolone on diaphragm muscle function. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38:1161-72.
  • Referans34 Supinski GS, Morris PE, Dhar S, Callahan LA. Diaphragm Dysfunction in Critical Illness. Chest. 2018;153:1040-51.
  • Referans35 Supinski GS, Wang L, Song XH, Moylan JS, Callahan LA. Muscle-specific calpastatin overexpression prevents diaphragm weakness in cecal ligation puncture-induced sepsis. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014;117:921-9.
  • Referans36 Powers SK, Kavazis AN, Levine S. Prolonged mechanical ventilation alters diaphragmatic structure and function. Crit Care Med. 2009;37:S347-53.
  • Referans37 Shanely RA, Van Gammeren D, Deruisseau KC, Zergeroglu AM, McKenzie MJ, Yarasheski KE et al. Mechanical ventilation depresses protein synthesis in the rat diaphragm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:994-9.
  • Referans38 Liu YY, Li LF. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction in critical illness. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2018;243:1329-1337. Referans39 Nelson WB, Smuder AJ, Hudson MB, Talbert EE, Powers SK. Cross-talk between the calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic systems in the diaphragm during prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:1857-63.
  • Referans40 Hussain SN, Mofarrahi M, Sigala I, Kim HC, Vassilakopoulos T, Maltais F et al. Mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm disuse in humans triggers autophagy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:1377-86.
  • Referans41 Høyer-Hansen M, Bastholm L, Szyniarowski P, Campanella M, Szabadkai G, Farkas T et al. Control of macroautophagy by calcium, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta, and Bcl-2. Mol Cell. 2007;25:193-205.
  • Referans42 Zhu E, Sassoon CS, Nelson R, Pham HT, Zhu L, Baker MJ et al. Early effects of mechanical ventilation on isotonic contractile properties and MAF-box gene expression in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005;99:747-56.
  • Referans43 Bernard N, Matecki S, Py G, Lopez S, Mercier J, Capdevila X. Effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on respiratory muscle ultrastructure and mitochondrial respiration in rabbits. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:111-8.
  • Referans44 Radell P, Edström L, Stibler H, Eriksson LI, Ansved T. Changes in diaphragm structure following prolonged mechanical ventilation in piglets. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004;48:430-7. Referans45 Smuder AJ, Sollanek KJ, Min K, Nelson WB, Powers SK. Inhibition of forkhead boxO-specific transcription prevents mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 2015;43:e133-42.
  • Referans46 Smuder AJ, Hudson MB, Nelson WB, Kavazis AN, Powers SK. Nuclear factor-κB signaling contributes to mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm weakness. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:927-34.
  • Referans47 Agten A, Maes K, Thomas D, Cielen N, Van Hees HW, Dekhuijzen RP et al. Bortezomib partially protects the rat diaphragm from ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:2449-55.
  • Referans48 Bruells CS, Maes K, Rossaint R, Thomas D, Cielen N, Bleilevens C et al. Prolonged mechanical ventilation alters the expression pattern of angio-neogenetic factors in a pre-clinical rat model. PLoS One. 2013;8:e70524.
  • Referans49 Kwon OS, Smuder AJ, Wiggs MP, Hall SE, Sollanek KJ, Morton AB et al. Talbert EE, Toklu HZ, Tumer N, Powers SK. AT1 receptor blocker losartan protects against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2015;119:1033-41.
  • Referans50 Welvaart WN, Paul MA, Kuster DW, van Wieringen W, Rustenburg F, Stienen GJ et al. Gene expression profile in the diaphragm following contractile inactivity during thoracic surgery. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2011;3:167-75.
  • Referans51 Tang H, Smith IJ, Hussain SN, Goldberg P, Lee M, Sugiarto S et al. The JAK-STAT pathway is critical in ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Mol Med. 2015;20:579-89.
  • Referans52 Sassoon CS, Zhu E, Caiozzo VJ. Assist-control mechanical ventilation attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:626-32.
  • Referans53 Laghi F, Tobin MJ. Disorders of the respiratory muscles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;168:10-48.
  • Referans54 Mills GH, Kyroussis D, Hamnegard CH, Wragg S, Polkey MI, Moxham J et al. Cervical magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves in bilateral diaphragm paralysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:1565-9.
  • Referans55 Mier A, Brophy C, Moxham J, Green M. Twitch pressures in the assessment of diaphragm weakness. Thorax. 1989;44:990-6.
  • Referans56 Umbrello M, Formenti P, Longhi D, Galimberti A, Piva I, Pezzi A et al. Diaphragm ultrasound as indicator of respiratory effort in critically ill patients undergoing assisted mechanical ventilation: a pilot clinical study. Crit Care. 2015;19:161.
  • Referans57 Ueki J, De Bruin PF, Pride NB. In vivo assessment of diaphragm contraction by ultrasound in normal subjects. Thorax. 1995;50:1157-61.
  • Referans58 Aslan GK, Huseyinsinoglu BE, Oflazer P, Gurses N, Kiyan E. Inspiratory Muscle Training in Late-Onset Pompe Disease: The Effects on Pulmonary Function Tests, Quality of Life, and Sleep Quality. Lung. 2016;194:555-61.
  • Referans59 Martin AD, Smith BK, Davenport PD, Harman E, Gonzalez-Rothi RJ, Baz M et al. Inspiratory muscle strength training improves weaning outcome in failure to wean patients: a randomized trial. Crit Care. 2011;15:R84.
  • Referans60 Jung B, Constantin JM, Rossel N, Le Goff C, Sebbane M, Coisel Y et al. Adaptive support ventilation prevents ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in piglet: an in vivo and in vitro study. Anesthesiology. 2010;112:1435-43.
  • Referans61 Reynolds SC, Meyyappan R, Thakkar V, Tran BD, Nolette MA, Sadarangani G et al. Mitigation of Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Atrophy by Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:339-348.
  • Referans62 Thomas D, Maes K, Agten A, Heunks L, Dekhuijzen R, Decramer M et al. Time course of diaphragm function recovery after controlled mechanical ventilation in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115:775-84.
  • Referans63 Smuder AJ, Min K, Hudson MB, Kavazis AN, Kwon OS, Nelson WB et al. Endurance exercise attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012;112:501-10.
  • Referans64 Hulzebos EH, Helders PJ, Favié NJ, De Bie RA, Brutel de la Riviere A, Van Meeteren NL. Preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2006;296:1851-7.
  • Referans65 Jung B, Sebbane M, Le Goff C, Rossel N, Chanques G, Futier E et al. Moderate and prolonged hypercapnic acidosis may protect against ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in healthy piglet: an in vivo study. Crit Care. 2013;17:R15.
  • Referans66 Schellekens WJ, van Hees HW, Kox M, Linkels M, Acuña GL, Dekhuijzen PN et al. Hypercapnia attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragm atrophy and modulates dysfunction. Crit Care. 2014;18:R28.
  • Referans67 Servais S, Letexier D, Favier R, Duchamp C, Desplanches D. Prevention of unloading-induced atrophy by vitamin E supplementation: links between oxidative stress and soleus muscle proteolysis? Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;42:627-35.
  • Referans68 Powers SK, Hudson MB, Nelson WB, Talbert EE, Min K, Szeto HH et al. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm weakness. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:1749-59.
  • Referans69 McClung JM, Kavazis AN, Whidden MA, DeRuisseau KC, Falk DJ, Criswell DS et al. Antioxidant administration attenuates mechanical ventilation-induced rat diaphragm muscle atrophy independent of protein kinase B (PKB Akt) signalling. J Physiol. 2007;585:203-15.
  • Referans70 Shanely RA, Zergeroglu MA, Lennon SL, Sugiura T, Yimlamai T, Enns D et al. Mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic atrophy is associated with oxidative injury and increased proteolytic activity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:1369-74.
  • Referans71 Cosio BG, Tsaprouni L, Ito K, Jazrawi E, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ. Theophylline restores histone deacetylase activity and steroid responses in COPD macrophages. J Exp Med. 2004;200:689-95.
  • Referans72 Hirano T, Yamagata T, Gohda M, Yamagata Y, Ichikawa T, Yanagisawa S et al. Inhibition of reactive nitrogen species production in COPD airways: comparison of inhaled corticosteroid and oral theophylline. Thorax. 2006;61:761-6.
  • Referans73 Viires N, Aubier M, Murciano D, Marty C, Pariente R. Effects of theophylline on isolated diaphragmatic fibers. A model for pharmacologic studies on diaphragmatic contractility. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 ;133:1060-4.
  • Referans74 Aubier M, De Troyer A, Sampson M, Macklem PT, Roussos C. Aminophylline improves diaphragmatic contractility. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:249-52.
  • Referans75 Masmoudi H, Coirault C, Demoule A, Mayaux J, Beuvin M, Romero N et al. Can phrenic stimulation protect the diaphragm from mechanical ventilation-induced damage? Eur Respir J. 2013;42:280-3.
  • Referans76 Yang M, Wang H, Han G, Chen L, Huang L, Jiang J et al. Phrenic nerve stimulation protects against mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats. Muscle Nerve. 2013;48:958-62.
  • Referans77 Breuer T, Hatam N, Grabiger B, Marx G, Behnke BJ, Weis J et al. Kinetics of ventilation-induced changes in diaphragmatic metabolism by bilateral phrenic pacing in a piglet model. Sci Rep. 2016;6:35725.
  • Referans78 Martin AD, Joseph AM, Beaver TM, Smith BK, Martin TD, Berg K et al. Effect of intermittent phrenic nerve stimulation during cardiothoracic surgery on mitochondrial respiration in the human diaphragm. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:e152-6.
  • Referans79 Ahn B, Beaver T, Martin T, Hess P, Brumback BA, Ahmed S et al. Phrenic nerve stimulation increases human diaphragm fiber force after cardiothoracic surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190:837-9.
  • Referans80 Reynolds S, Ebner A, Meffen T, Thakkar V, Gani M, Taylor K et al. Diaphragm Activation in Ventilated Patients Using a Novel Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Pacing Catheter. Crit Care Med. 2017;45:e691-e694.
  • Referans81 Kaufman MR, Elkwood AI, Colicchio AR, CeCe J, Jarrahy R, Willekes LJ et al. Functional restoration of diaphragmatic paralysis: an evaluation of phrenic nerve reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014;97:260-6.
  • Referans82 Podgaetz E, Garza-Castillon R Jr, Andrade RS. Best Approach and Benefit of Plication for Paralyzed Diaphragm. Thorac Surg Clin. 2016;26:333-46.
  • Referans83 Kwak T, Lazzaro R, Pournik H, Ciaburri D, Tortolani A, Gulkarov I. Robotic thoracoscopic plication for symptomatic diaphragm paralysis. J Robot Surg. 2012;6:345-8.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Esra Çakır 0000-0002-6992-5744

İşil Özkoçak Turan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0405-0107

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 13 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Çakır E, Özkoçak Turan İ. Ventilatör İlişkili Diyafram Disfonksiyonu: Patogenez, Tanı ve Yeni Tedaviler. aktd. Eylül 2020;29(3):199-208.