Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Cytokine Response to Acute Endurance Exercise: Regular Treadmill Versus Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 94 - 99, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1363466

Öz

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate the cytokine response to acute endurance exercise performed in the LBPPT and to compare it with the regular treadmill.
METHODS: Eleven healthy physically active men aged between 18-22 years participated in the study. All subjects performed 45 minutes of running exercise at 70% VO2max on the regular treadmill and LBPPT in random order, one week apart. Blood samples were collected at pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise, and 2 h post-exercise to analyze serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels.
RESULTS: On the regular treadmill, hs-CRP levels were higher immediately, 30 min, and 2 h post-exercise than pre-exercise. In addition, it was lower 2 h post-exercise compared with immediately, and 30 min post-exercise. No significant differences in LBPPT for hs-CRP were observed for any time point. hs-CRP concentration immediately and 30 min post-exercise was lower in the LBPPT than in the regular treadmill. TNF-α and IL-8 levels were unchanged in response to exercise performed neither on the regular treadmill nor on the LBPPT.
CONCLUSIONS: Acute endurance exercise may not be sufficient to induce a significant systemic inflammatory response in physically active men.

Etik Beyan

The study was confirmed by the local Ethical Committee (approval No. 2018/452).

Kaynakça

  • Cannon JG. Inflammatory cytokines in nonpathological states. News Physiol Sci 2000;15:298-303. Nieman DC, Henson DA, Smith LL, Utter AC, Vinci DM, Davis JM, et al. Cytokine changes after a marathon race. J Appl Physiol 2001;91:109-14. Nieman DC, Konrad M, Henson DA, Kennerly K, Shanely RA, Wallner-Liebmann SJ. Variance in the acute inflammatory response to prolonged cycling is linked to exercise intensity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 201232:12-7. Rämson R, Jürimäe J, Jürimäe T, Mäestu J. The influence of increased training volume on cytokines and ghrelin concentration in college level male rowers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;104:839-46. Beavers KM, Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clin Chim Acta 2010;411:785-93.
  • Jürimäe J, Tillmann V, Purge P, Jürimäe T. Body composition, maximal aerobic performance and inflammatory biomarkers in endurance-trained athletes. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017;37:288-92.
  • De Heer HD, Kline JR, Charley B. Anti-Gravity treadmill training for prevention and rehabilitation of running injuries. In: Harrast MA (editor). Clinical Care of the Runner. Elsevier, 2020:113-30.
  • Cutuk A, Groppo ER, Quigley EJ, White KW, Pedowitz RA, Hargens AR. Ambulation in simulated fractional gravity using lower body positive pressure: cardiovascular safety and gait analyses. J Appl Physiol 2006;101:771-7.
  • Raffalt PC, Hovgaard-Hansen L, Jensen BR. Running on a lower-body positive pressure treadmill: VO2max, respiratory response, and vertical ground reaction force. Res Q Exerc Sport 2013;84:213-22.
  • Patil S, Steklov N, Bugbee WD, Goldberg T, Colwell CW Jr, D'Lima DD. Anti-gravity treadmills are effective in reducing knee forces. J Orthop Res 2013;31:672-9.
  • Farina KA, Wright AA, Ford KR, Wirfel LA, Smoliga JM. Physiological and biomechanical responses to running on lower body positive pressure treadmills in healthy populations. Sports Med 2017;47:261-75.
  • Barnes KR, Janecke JN. Physiological and biomechanical responses of highly trained distance runners to lower-body positive pressure treadmill running. Sports Med Open 2017;3:41.
  • Gojanovic B, Cutti P, Shultz R, Matheson GO. Maximal physiological parameters during partial body-weight support treadmill testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:1935-41.
  • West AD, Cooke MB, LaBounty PM, Byars AG, Greenwood M. Effects of G-trainer, cycle ergometry, and stretching on physiological and psychological recovery from endurance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2014;28:3453-61.
  • Cooke MB, Nix CM, Greenwood LD, Greenwood MC. No differences between Alter G-trainer and active and passive recovery strategies on isokinetic strength, systemic oxidative stress and perceived muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 2018;32:736-47.
  • Léger LA, Lambert J. A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1982;49:1-12.
  • Léger LA, Mercier D, Gadoury C, Lambert J. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci 1988;6:93-101.
  • Larsen GE, George JD, Alexander JL, Fellingham GW, Aldana SG, Parcell AC. Prediction of maximum oxygen consumption from walking, jogging, or running. Res Q Exerc Sport 2002;73:66-72.
  • Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson P (Editors). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 9th ed.; Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2014; p. 169-73.
  • Görgens SW, Eckardt K, Jensen J, Drevon CA, Eckel J. Exercise and regulation of adipokine and myokine production. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2015;135:313-36.
  • Rhea MR. Determining the magnitude of treatment effects in strength training research through the use of the effect size. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18:918-20.
  • Weight LM, Alexander D, Jacobs P. Strenuous exercise: Analogous to the acute-phase response? Clin Sci (Lond) 1991;81:677-83.
  • Fallon KE. The acute phase response and exercise: the ultramarathon as prototype exercise. Clin J Sport Med 2001;11:38-43.
  • Jürgenson J, Serg M, Kampus P, Kals J, Zagura M, Zilmer K, et al. Effect of half-marathon running on arterial stiffness and blood biomarkers in high-level and recreational male athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2021,548-56.
  • Taylor C, Rogers G, Goodman C, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Bezwoda WR, et al. Hematologic, iron-related, and acute-phase protein responses to sustained strenuous exercise. J Appl Physiol 1987;62:464-9.
  • Markovitch D, Tyrrell RM, Thompson D. Acute moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged men has neither an anti- nor proinflammatory effect. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105:260-5.
  • Shojaei EA, Jafari A, Farajov A. Effect of acute moderate aerobic cycling on systemic inflammatory responses in young untrained men. Sci Sports 2011;26:298-302.
  • Jatene P, Dos Santos GS, Portella DL. C-Reactive protein serum levels as an internal load indicator of sprints in competitive football matches. Int J Sports Med 2019;40:762-7.
  • Chen J, Huang L, Song M, Yu S, Gao P, Jing J. C-reactive protein upregulates receptor for advanced glycation end products expression and alters antioxidant defenses in rat endothelial progenitor cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009;53:359-67.
  • Zhou Y, Han W, Gong D, Man C, Fan Y. Hs-CRP in stroke: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2016;453:21-7.
  • Lee SJ, Kim J. Inflammation and insufficient or disordered sleep. Korean J Clin Lab Sci 2015;47:97–104.
  • Ji LL, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Steinhafel N, Vina J. Acute exercise activates nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway in rat skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2004;18:1499-506.
  • Giovanelli N, Lazzer S, Cauci S. Muscle damage and inflammatory status biomarkers after a 3-stage trail running race. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020;60:1486-92.
  • Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. J Sport Health Sci 2019;8:201-17.
  • Nieman DC, Davis JM, Henson DA, Walberg-Rankin J, Shute M, Dumke CL, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run. J Appl Physiol 2003;94:1917-25.
  • Nieman DC, Davis JM, Henson DA, Gross SJ, Dumke CL, Utter AC, et al. Muscle cytokine mRNA changes after 2.5 h of cycling: influence of carbohydrate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37:1283-90.
  • Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Liu Q, Kurakake S, Okamura N, et al. Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:348-55.
  • Santos VC, Sierra AP, Oliveira R, Caçula KG, Momesso CM, Sato FT, et al. Marathon race affects neutrophil surface molecules: Role of inflammatory mediators. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0166687.
  • Gökbel H, Okudan N, Gül I, Belviranli M, Gergerlioğlu HS, Başaral MK. Effects of repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise on plasma adiponectin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in sedentary men. J Strength Cond Res 2012;26:1675-9.

Akut Dayanıklılık Egzersizine Sitokin Yanıtı: Normal Koşu Bandına Karşı Alt Vücut Pozitif Basınçlı Koşu Bandı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 94 - 99, 29.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1363466

Öz

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate the cytokine response to acute endurance exercise performed in the LBPPT and to compare it with the regular treadmill.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven healthy physically active men aged between 18-22 years participated in the study. All subjects performed 45 minutes of running exercise at 70% VO2max on the regular treadmill and LBPPT in random order, one week apart. Blood samples were collected at pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, 30 min post-exercise, and 2 h post-exercise to analyze serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels.
RESULTS: On the regular treadmill, hs-CRP levels were higher immediately, 30 min, and 2 h post-exercise than pre-exercise. In addition, it was lower 2 h post-exercise compared with immediately, and 30 min post-exercise. No significant differences in LBPPT for hs-CRP were observed for any time point. hs-CRP concentration immediately and 30 min post-exercise was lower in the LBPPT than in the regular treadmill. TNF-α and IL-8 levels were unchanged in response to exercise performed neither on the regular treadmill nor on the LBPPT.
CONCLUSION: Acute endurance exercise may not be sufficient to induce a significant systemic inflammatory response in physically active men.

Kaynakça

  • Cannon JG. Inflammatory cytokines in nonpathological states. News Physiol Sci 2000;15:298-303. Nieman DC, Henson DA, Smith LL, Utter AC, Vinci DM, Davis JM, et al. Cytokine changes after a marathon race. J Appl Physiol 2001;91:109-14. Nieman DC, Konrad M, Henson DA, Kennerly K, Shanely RA, Wallner-Liebmann SJ. Variance in the acute inflammatory response to prolonged cycling is linked to exercise intensity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 201232:12-7. Rämson R, Jürimäe J, Jürimäe T, Mäestu J. The influence of increased training volume on cytokines and ghrelin concentration in college level male rowers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;104:839-46. Beavers KM, Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clin Chim Acta 2010;411:785-93.
  • Jürimäe J, Tillmann V, Purge P, Jürimäe T. Body composition, maximal aerobic performance and inflammatory biomarkers in endurance-trained athletes. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017;37:288-92.
  • De Heer HD, Kline JR, Charley B. Anti-Gravity treadmill training for prevention and rehabilitation of running injuries. In: Harrast MA (editor). Clinical Care of the Runner. Elsevier, 2020:113-30.
  • Cutuk A, Groppo ER, Quigley EJ, White KW, Pedowitz RA, Hargens AR. Ambulation in simulated fractional gravity using lower body positive pressure: cardiovascular safety and gait analyses. J Appl Physiol 2006;101:771-7.
  • Raffalt PC, Hovgaard-Hansen L, Jensen BR. Running on a lower-body positive pressure treadmill: VO2max, respiratory response, and vertical ground reaction force. Res Q Exerc Sport 2013;84:213-22.
  • Patil S, Steklov N, Bugbee WD, Goldberg T, Colwell CW Jr, D'Lima DD. Anti-gravity treadmills are effective in reducing knee forces. J Orthop Res 2013;31:672-9.
  • Farina KA, Wright AA, Ford KR, Wirfel LA, Smoliga JM. Physiological and biomechanical responses to running on lower body positive pressure treadmills in healthy populations. Sports Med 2017;47:261-75.
  • Barnes KR, Janecke JN. Physiological and biomechanical responses of highly trained distance runners to lower-body positive pressure treadmill running. Sports Med Open 2017;3:41.
  • Gojanovic B, Cutti P, Shultz R, Matheson GO. Maximal physiological parameters during partial body-weight support treadmill testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:1935-41.
  • West AD, Cooke MB, LaBounty PM, Byars AG, Greenwood M. Effects of G-trainer, cycle ergometry, and stretching on physiological and psychological recovery from endurance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2014;28:3453-61.
  • Cooke MB, Nix CM, Greenwood LD, Greenwood MC. No differences between Alter G-trainer and active and passive recovery strategies on isokinetic strength, systemic oxidative stress and perceived muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 2018;32:736-47.
  • Léger LA, Lambert J. A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1982;49:1-12.
  • Léger LA, Mercier D, Gadoury C, Lambert J. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci 1988;6:93-101.
  • Larsen GE, George JD, Alexander JL, Fellingham GW, Aldana SG, Parcell AC. Prediction of maximum oxygen consumption from walking, jogging, or running. Res Q Exerc Sport 2002;73:66-72.
  • Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson P (Editors). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 9th ed.; Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2014; p. 169-73.
  • Görgens SW, Eckardt K, Jensen J, Drevon CA, Eckel J. Exercise and regulation of adipokine and myokine production. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2015;135:313-36.
  • Rhea MR. Determining the magnitude of treatment effects in strength training research through the use of the effect size. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18:918-20.
  • Weight LM, Alexander D, Jacobs P. Strenuous exercise: Analogous to the acute-phase response? Clin Sci (Lond) 1991;81:677-83.
  • Fallon KE. The acute phase response and exercise: the ultramarathon as prototype exercise. Clin J Sport Med 2001;11:38-43.
  • Jürgenson J, Serg M, Kampus P, Kals J, Zagura M, Zilmer K, et al. Effect of half-marathon running on arterial stiffness and blood biomarkers in high-level and recreational male athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2021,548-56.
  • Taylor C, Rogers G, Goodman C, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Bezwoda WR, et al. Hematologic, iron-related, and acute-phase protein responses to sustained strenuous exercise. J Appl Physiol 1987;62:464-9.
  • Markovitch D, Tyrrell RM, Thompson D. Acute moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged men has neither an anti- nor proinflammatory effect. J Appl Physiol. 2008;105:260-5.
  • Shojaei EA, Jafari A, Farajov A. Effect of acute moderate aerobic cycling on systemic inflammatory responses in young untrained men. Sci Sports 2011;26:298-302.
  • Jatene P, Dos Santos GS, Portella DL. C-Reactive protein serum levels as an internal load indicator of sprints in competitive football matches. Int J Sports Med 2019;40:762-7.
  • Chen J, Huang L, Song M, Yu S, Gao P, Jing J. C-reactive protein upregulates receptor for advanced glycation end products expression and alters antioxidant defenses in rat endothelial progenitor cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009;53:359-67.
  • Zhou Y, Han W, Gong D, Man C, Fan Y. Hs-CRP in stroke: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2016;453:21-7.
  • Lee SJ, Kim J. Inflammation and insufficient or disordered sleep. Korean J Clin Lab Sci 2015;47:97–104.
  • Ji LL, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Steinhafel N, Vina J. Acute exercise activates nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway in rat skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2004;18:1499-506.
  • Giovanelli N, Lazzer S, Cauci S. Muscle damage and inflammatory status biomarkers after a 3-stage trail running race. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020;60:1486-92.
  • Nieman DC, Wentz LM. The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. J Sport Health Sci 2019;8:201-17.
  • Nieman DC, Davis JM, Henson DA, Walberg-Rankin J, Shute M, Dumke CL, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run. J Appl Physiol 2003;94:1917-25.
  • Nieman DC, Davis JM, Henson DA, Gross SJ, Dumke CL, Utter AC, et al. Muscle cytokine mRNA changes after 2.5 h of cycling: influence of carbohydrate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37:1283-90.
  • Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Yamada M, Liu Q, Kurakake S, Okamura N, et al. Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:348-55.
  • Santos VC, Sierra AP, Oliveira R, Caçula KG, Momesso CM, Sato FT, et al. Marathon race affects neutrophil surface molecules: Role of inflammatory mediators. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0166687.
  • Gökbel H, Okudan N, Gül I, Belviranli M, Gergerlioğlu HS, Başaral MK. Effects of repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise on plasma adiponectin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in sedentary men. J Strength Cond Res 2012;26:1675-9.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Muhammed Salih Kırışka 0000-0001-6889-5902

Muaz Belviranlı 0000-0002-2454-8818

Nilsel Okudan 0000-0001-9879-503X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Şubat 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Şubat 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Kırışka MS, Belviranlı M, Okudan N. Cytokine Response to Acute Endurance Exercise: Regular Treadmill Versus Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill. Genel Tıp Derg. 2024;34(1):94-9.