Araştırma Makalesi
Sağlıklı Kadınlarda Yüksek Proteinli Kahvaltının Gün İçerisindeki İştah ve Kan Şeker Düzeylerine Olan Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Öz
Bu çalışma, yüksek proteinli kahvaltının iştah ve kan şekeri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için yapılmıştır. Ocak-Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında gönüllü olarak katılan 18-35 yaş arası 16 sağlıklı kadın ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Demografik bilgileri ve beslenme durumunu sorgulayan anket formu uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın başında ve sonunda antropometrik ölçümleri alınmıştır. Çalışmaya başlamadan önce 3 gün boyunca besin tüketim kayıtları alınmıştır. 15 gün boyunca araştırmacı tarafından planlanan 442,1 kcal ve 30,6 g proteinli kahvaltı tükettirilmiştir. Tüm öğünlerde tükettikleri besinler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Tüm öğünlerden sonra iştah durumları Vizüel Analog Skala (VAS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Gün boyu açlık ve tokluk kan şekerleri (çalışma öncesi birinci, çalışmanın birinci, yedinci ve on beşinci günleri) evde kan şekeri ölçümü ile takip edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 25±3,03 yıl ve BKİ ortalaması 22,06±1,96 kg/m2’dir. Çalışmanın sonunda, antropometrik ölçümler arasındaki fark anlamlı değildir. Çalışma sonunda günlük alınan protein yüzdesi arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın 1. günü, sabah tokluk kan şekerindeki azalma anlamlı bulunmuş, ancak bu azalma çalışma sonuna kadar devam etmemiştir. Çalışmanın 1. ve 7. günleri, sabah tokluk durumundaki artış anlamlı bulunmuş, ancak bu artış çalışma sonuna kadar devam etmemiştir. Sonuç olarak yüksek proteinli kahvaltı tüketiminin kısa dönem uygulamasının, sağlıklı kadınlarda iştah, açlık/tokluk kan şekeri ve antropometrik ölçümleri etkilemediği görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
yok
Proje Numarası
yok
Teşekkür
Çalışmam boyunca bilgi ve tecrübesi ile her zaman yanımda olan hocam Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Gözde Arıtıcı Çolak'a, beni her zaman destekleyen sevgili aileme ve arkadaşlarıma sonsuz teşekkür ederim.
Kaynakça
- Rebello, C.J, O’Neil, C.E. and Greenway, F.L. (2016). “Dietary Fiber and Satiety: The Effects of Oats on Satiety”. Nutrition Reviews, 74 (2), 131-147.
- Blundell, J.E, Lawton, C.L, Cotton, J.R, and Macdiarmid, J.I. (1996). “Control of Human Appetite: Implications for The Intake of Dietary Fat”. Annual Reviews, 16, 285-319.
- Blundell, J.E, de Graaf, C, Hulshof, T, Jebb, S, Livingstone, B, Lluch, A, Mela, D, Salah, S, Schuring, E, van der Knapp, H. and Westerterp, M. (2010). “Appetite Control: Methodological Aspects of the Evaluation of Foods”. Obes Rev, 11 (3), 251-270.
- de Graaf, C, Blom, W.A.M, Smeets, P.A.M, Stafleu, A. and Hendriks, H.F.J. (2004). “Biomarkers of Satiation and Satiety”. Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 946-961.
- Holt, S.H.A, Brand Miller, J.C, Petocz, A. and Farmakalidis, E. (1995). éA Satiety İndex of Common Foods”. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 49, 675-690.
- Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S, Nieuwenhuizen, A, Tomé, D, Soenen, S. and Westerterp, K.R. (2009). “Dietary Protein, Weight Loss, and Weight Maintenance”. Annu Rev Nutr, 29, 21-41.
- WHO. (2007). “Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition”. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Leidy, H.J. (2014). “Increased Dietary Protein as A Dietary Strategy to Prevent and/or Treat Obesity”. Science of Medicine, 111 (1), 54-58.
- Friedman, A.N, Ogden, L.G. and Foster, G.D. (2012). “Comparative Effects of Low-Carbohydrate High-Protein Versus Low-Fat Diets on The Kidney”. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 7, 1103-1111.
- Blom, W.A.M, Lluch, A, Stafleu, A, Vinoy, S, Holst, J.J, Schaafsma, G. and Hendriks, H.F.J. (2006). “Effect of a High-Protein Breakfast on the Postprandial Ghrelin Response”. Am J Clin Nutr, 83, 211-220.
- Ortinau, L.C, Hoertel, H.A, Douglas, S.M. and Leidy, H.J. (2014). “Effects of High-Protein vs. High-Fat Snacks on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Eating Initiation in Healthy Women”. Nutrition Journal, 13, 97.
- Ratliff, J, Leite J.O, Ugburn, R, Puglisi, M.J, van Heest, J. and Fernandez, M.L. (2010). “Consuming Eggs For Breakfast Influences Plasma Glucose and Ghrelin, While Reducing Energy Intake During The Next 24 Hours in Adult Men”. Nutrition Research, 30, 96-103.
- Rabinovitz, H.R, Boaz, M, Ganz, T, Jakubowicz, D, Matas, Z, Madar, Z. and Wainstein, J. (2014). “Big Breakfast Rich in Protein and Fat Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diavetics”. Obesity, 22, E46-E54.
- Azzout-Marniche, D, Gaudichon, C. and Tomé, D. (2014). “Dietary Protein and Blood Glucose Control”. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 17 (4), 1363-1950.
- de Oliveira, F.C.E, Volp, A.C.P. and Alfenas, R.C. (2011). “Impact of Different Protein Sources in The Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses”. Nutr Hosp, 26 (4), 669-676.
- Crowder, M.C. (2015). “The Effect of Breakfast Protein Source on Postprandial Hunger and Glucose Respınse in Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women”. General Human Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses, University of Arkansas, Dale Bumpers College of Agriculture, Food, and Life Science, Arkansas/Fayetteville.
- Millward, D.J, Layman, D.K, Tomé, D. and Schaafsma, G. (2008). “Protein Quality Assessment: Impact of Expanding, Understanding of Protein and Amino Acid Needs For Optimal Health”. Am J Clin Nutr, 87, 1576-1581.
- Dougkas, A. and OStamn, E. (2017). “Comparable of Breakfast Meals Varying in Protein Source on Appetite and Subsequent Energy Intake in Healthy Males”. Eur J Nutr
- WHO. (2008). “Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation”. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Baysal, A (2014). Beslenme Durumunun Saptanması. In T, HATİPOĞLU (Ed.), Diyet El Kitabı (117). Beşevler/Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınları.
- BeBiS. (2016). “Beslenme Bilgi Sitemi – BeBiS, Versiyon 7.2, İstanbul”. Erişim Adresi: https://bebis.com.tr/versiyonlarimiz/arastirma-destekleri. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Benelam, B. (2009). “Satiation, Satiety and Their Effects on Eating Behaviours”. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 34, 126-173.
- Stubbs, R.J, Hughes, D.A, Johnstone, A.M, Rowley, E, Reid, C, Elia, M, Straton, R, Delargy, H, King, N. and Blundell, J.E. (2000). “The Use of Visual Analogue Scales to Assess Motivation to Eat in Human Subjects. A Review of Their Reliability and Validity with an Evaluation of New Hand-Held Computerized Systems For Temporal Tracking of Appetite Ratings”. British Journal of Nutrition, 84, 405-415.
- St-Onge, M, Ard, J, Baskin, M.L, Chiuve, S.E, Johnson, H.M, Kris-Etheryon, P. and Varady, K. (2017). “Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications For Cardiovascular Disease Prevention”. American Heart Association, 1-26.
- Mallon, A, Neuenschwander; M. and Schlesinger, S. (2018). “Breakfast Skipping is Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies”. American Society for Nutrition, 106-113.
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2010). “Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması (TBSA) 2010. Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu. (No: 931)”. Erişim Adresi: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_20.08.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Douglas, S.M, Byers, A.W. and Leidy, H.J. (2019). “Habitual Breakfast Patterns Do Not Influence Appetite and Satiety Responses in Normal vs Hig-Protein Breakfast in Overweight Adolescent Girls”. Nutrients, 11, 1223.
- Belza, A, Ritz, C, Sørensen, M.Q, Holst, J.J, Rehfeld, J.F. and Astrup, A. (2013). “Contribution of Gastroenteropancreatic Appetite Hormones to Protein-Induced Satiety”. Ann J Clin Nutr, 97, 980-989.
- Hoertel, H.A, Will, M.J. and Leidy, H.J. (2014). “A Randomized Crossover, Pilot Study Examining The Effects of a Normal Protein vs High Protein Breakfast on Food Cravings and Reward Signals in Overweight/Obese “Breakfast Skipiing”, late-adolescent Girls”. Nutrition Journal, 13, 80, 1-8.
- Veldhorst, M.A.B, Nieuwenhuizen, A.G, Hochstenbach-Waelen, A, Westerterp, K.R, Engelen, M.P.K.J, Brummer, R. Deutz, N.E.P. and Westerterp--Plantenga, M.S. (2009). “Comparison of the Effects of a High- and Normal- Casein Breakfast on Satiety, ‘Satiety’ Hormones, Plasma Amino Acids and Subsequent Energy Intake”. British Journal of Nutrition, 101, 295-303.
Evaluation of the Effect of High Protein Breakfast on Appetite and Blood Sugar Levels in Healthy Women
Öz
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of high protein breakfast on appetite and blood sugar. It was conducted with 16 healthy women aged 18-35 who participated voluntarily between January-April 2019. A questionnaire form questioning demographic information and nutritional status was applied. Anthropometric measurements were taken at the beginning/end of the study. Food consumption records were taken for 3 days before starting the study. The 442.1 kcal and 30.6 g protein breakfast planned by the researcher was consumed for 15 days. The nutrients they consumed in all meals were recorded. After meals, appetite levels were evaluated with the VAS. Fasting/postprandial blood glucose (first, first, seventh and fifteenth days before the study) were monitored by home blood glucose measurement. According to the findings, the average age of the participants is 25±3.03 years and their BMI is 22.06±1.96 kg/m2. At the end of the study, the difference between anthropometric measurements is not significant and the difference between the percentage of daily protein taken is significant. The reduction in morning postprandial blood glucose was significant on the first day of the study, but decrease did not persist until the end of the study. The increase in morning satiety on the 1st and 7th days of the study was significant, but increase did not continue until the end of the study. Consequently, short-term high protein breakfast consumption did not affect appetite, fasting/postprandial blood glucose and anthropometric measurements in healthy women.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
yok
Kaynakça
- Rebello, C.J, O’Neil, C.E. and Greenway, F.L. (2016). “Dietary Fiber and Satiety: The Effects of Oats on Satiety”. Nutrition Reviews, 74 (2), 131-147.
- Blundell, J.E, Lawton, C.L, Cotton, J.R, and Macdiarmid, J.I. (1996). “Control of Human Appetite: Implications for The Intake of Dietary Fat”. Annual Reviews, 16, 285-319.
- Blundell, J.E, de Graaf, C, Hulshof, T, Jebb, S, Livingstone, B, Lluch, A, Mela, D, Salah, S, Schuring, E, van der Knapp, H. and Westerterp, M. (2010). “Appetite Control: Methodological Aspects of the Evaluation of Foods”. Obes Rev, 11 (3), 251-270.
- de Graaf, C, Blom, W.A.M, Smeets, P.A.M, Stafleu, A. and Hendriks, H.F.J. (2004). “Biomarkers of Satiation and Satiety”. Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 946-961.
- Holt, S.H.A, Brand Miller, J.C, Petocz, A. and Farmakalidis, E. (1995). éA Satiety İndex of Common Foods”. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 49, 675-690.
- Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S, Nieuwenhuizen, A, Tomé, D, Soenen, S. and Westerterp, K.R. (2009). “Dietary Protein, Weight Loss, and Weight Maintenance”. Annu Rev Nutr, 29, 21-41.
- WHO. (2007). “Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition”. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/WHO_TRS_935/en/. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Leidy, H.J. (2014). “Increased Dietary Protein as A Dietary Strategy to Prevent and/or Treat Obesity”. Science of Medicine, 111 (1), 54-58.
- Friedman, A.N, Ogden, L.G. and Foster, G.D. (2012). “Comparative Effects of Low-Carbohydrate High-Protein Versus Low-Fat Diets on The Kidney”. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 7, 1103-1111.
- Blom, W.A.M, Lluch, A, Stafleu, A, Vinoy, S, Holst, J.J, Schaafsma, G. and Hendriks, H.F.J. (2006). “Effect of a High-Protein Breakfast on the Postprandial Ghrelin Response”. Am J Clin Nutr, 83, 211-220.
- Ortinau, L.C, Hoertel, H.A, Douglas, S.M. and Leidy, H.J. (2014). “Effects of High-Protein vs. High-Fat Snacks on Appetite Control, Satiety, and Eating Initiation in Healthy Women”. Nutrition Journal, 13, 97.
- Ratliff, J, Leite J.O, Ugburn, R, Puglisi, M.J, van Heest, J. and Fernandez, M.L. (2010). “Consuming Eggs For Breakfast Influences Plasma Glucose and Ghrelin, While Reducing Energy Intake During The Next 24 Hours in Adult Men”. Nutrition Research, 30, 96-103.
- Rabinovitz, H.R, Boaz, M, Ganz, T, Jakubowicz, D, Matas, Z, Madar, Z. and Wainstein, J. (2014). “Big Breakfast Rich in Protein and Fat Improves Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diavetics”. Obesity, 22, E46-E54.
- Azzout-Marniche, D, Gaudichon, C. and Tomé, D. (2014). “Dietary Protein and Blood Glucose Control”. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 17 (4), 1363-1950.
- de Oliveira, F.C.E, Volp, A.C.P. and Alfenas, R.C. (2011). “Impact of Different Protein Sources in The Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses”. Nutr Hosp, 26 (4), 669-676.
- Crowder, M.C. (2015). “The Effect of Breakfast Protein Source on Postprandial Hunger and Glucose Respınse in Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women”. General Human Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses, University of Arkansas, Dale Bumpers College of Agriculture, Food, and Life Science, Arkansas/Fayetteville.
- Millward, D.J, Layman, D.K, Tomé, D. and Schaafsma, G. (2008). “Protein Quality Assessment: Impact of Expanding, Understanding of Protein and Amino Acid Needs For Optimal Health”. Am J Clin Nutr, 87, 1576-1581.
- Dougkas, A. and OStamn, E. (2017). “Comparable of Breakfast Meals Varying in Protein Source on Appetite and Subsequent Energy Intake in Healthy Males”. Eur J Nutr
- WHO. (2008). “Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation”. Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Baysal, A (2014). Beslenme Durumunun Saptanması. In T, HATİPOĞLU (Ed.), Diyet El Kitabı (117). Beşevler/Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınları.
- BeBiS. (2016). “Beslenme Bilgi Sitemi – BeBiS, Versiyon 7.2, İstanbul”. Erişim Adresi: https://bebis.com.tr/versiyonlarimiz/arastirma-destekleri. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Benelam, B. (2009). “Satiation, Satiety and Their Effects on Eating Behaviours”. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin, 34, 126-173.
- Stubbs, R.J, Hughes, D.A, Johnstone, A.M, Rowley, E, Reid, C, Elia, M, Straton, R, Delargy, H, King, N. and Blundell, J.E. (2000). “The Use of Visual Analogue Scales to Assess Motivation to Eat in Human Subjects. A Review of Their Reliability and Validity with an Evaluation of New Hand-Held Computerized Systems For Temporal Tracking of Appetite Ratings”. British Journal of Nutrition, 84, 405-415.
- St-Onge, M, Ard, J, Baskin, M.L, Chiuve, S.E, Johnson, H.M, Kris-Etheryon, P. and Varady, K. (2017). “Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications For Cardiovascular Disease Prevention”. American Heart Association, 1-26.
- Mallon, A, Neuenschwander; M. and Schlesinger, S. (2018). “Breakfast Skipping is Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies”. American Society for Nutrition, 106-113.
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2010). “Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması (TBSA) 2010. Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu. (No: 931)”. Erişim Adresi: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/TBSA_RAPOR_KITAP_20.08.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2021)
- Douglas, S.M, Byers, A.W. and Leidy, H.J. (2019). “Habitual Breakfast Patterns Do Not Influence Appetite and Satiety Responses in Normal vs Hig-Protein Breakfast in Overweight Adolescent Girls”. Nutrients, 11, 1223.
- Belza, A, Ritz, C, Sørensen, M.Q, Holst, J.J, Rehfeld, J.F. and Astrup, A. (2013). “Contribution of Gastroenteropancreatic Appetite Hormones to Protein-Induced Satiety”. Ann J Clin Nutr, 97, 980-989.
- Hoertel, H.A, Will, M.J. and Leidy, H.J. (2014). “A Randomized Crossover, Pilot Study Examining The Effects of a Normal Protein vs High Protein Breakfast on Food Cravings and Reward Signals in Overweight/Obese “Breakfast Skipiing”, late-adolescent Girls”. Nutrition Journal, 13, 80, 1-8.
- Veldhorst, M.A.B, Nieuwenhuizen, A.G, Hochstenbach-Waelen, A, Westerterp, K.R, Engelen, M.P.K.J, Brummer, R. Deutz, N.E.P. and Westerterp--Plantenga, M.S. (2009). “Comparison of the Effects of a High- and Normal- Casein Breakfast on Satiety, ‘Satiety’ Hormones, Plasma Amino Acids and Subsequent Energy Intake”. British Journal of Nutrition, 101, 295-303.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | yok |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Mart 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
