Araştırma Makalesi
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The Impact of Perceived COVID-19 Threat on Physicians' Psychological Vulnerability

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1722 - 1728, 26.12.2023

Ahmet Kaplan Melike Yağcı Hasan Tuna

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810

Öz

During pandemic periods, healthcare professionals face mental health problems. In this context, the research was planned as a descriptive and relationship-seeking type to examine the effects of the threat of the COVID-19 epidemic pandemic process on the psychological vulnerability levels of physicians. The sample study consisted of 235 physicians selected through convenient sampling. "Psychological Vulnerability Scale" and "Perceived COVID-19 Threat Scale" were used as data collection tools. Independent groups t-test, One-Way ANOVA test, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data. As a result of the correlation analysis found a positive and significant relationship between the perceived threat of COVID-19 and physicians' psychological vulnerability during the pandemic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pandemic Covid-19 Physician Psychological Vulnerability

Kaynakça

  • 1. Wang, D, Hu, B, Hu, C, Zhu, F, Liu, X, Zhang, J. and Peng, Z. (2020). "Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan". China. Jama, 323 (11), 1061-1069. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  • 2. Zhu, N, Zhang, D, Wang, W, Li, X, Yang, B, Song, J. and Tan, W. (2020). "A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China". New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
  • 3. Shen, K, Yang, Y, Wang, T, Zhao, D, Jiang, Y, Jin, R. and Gao, L. (2020). "Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children: Experts' Consensus Statement". World Journal of Pediatrics, 16 (3), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7
  • 4. Zhang, W. R, Wang, K, Yin, L, Zhao, W. F. Xue, Q, Peng, M. and Wang, H. X. (2020). "Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China". Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89 (4), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
  • 5. Khader, Y, Al Nsour, M, Al-Batayneh, O. B, Saadeh, R, Bashier, H, Alfaqih, M. and Al-Azzam, S. (2020). "Dentists’ Awareness, Perception, and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 and Infection Control: Cross-Sectional Study Among Jordanian Dentists”. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6 (2), e18798. https://doi.org/10.2196/18798
  • 6. Maunder, R. (2004). “The Experience of the 2003 SARS Outbreak as a Traumatic Stress Among Frontline Healthcare Workers in Toronto: Lessons Learned”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359 (1447), 1117-1125. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1483
  • 7. McAlonan, G. M, Lee, A. M, Cheung, V, Cheung, C, Tsang, K. W, Sham, P. C. and Wong, J. G. (2007). “Immediate and Sustained Psychological İmpact of an Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak on Health Care Workers”. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52 (4), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370705200406
  • 8. Wu, P, Fang, Y, Guan, Z, Fan, B, Kong, J, Yao, Z. ve Hoven, C. W. (2009). “The Psychological İmpact of the SARS Epidemic on Hospital Employees in China: Exposure, Risk Perception, and Altruistic Acceptance of Risk”. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54 (5), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
  • 9. Yıldız, S. (2020). “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Yaşantılarının Psikolojik Kırılganlıkla İlişkisinde Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stresin Aracı Rolü”. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • 10. Gudjonsson, G. H. (2010). “Psychological Vulnerabilities During Police İnterviews. Why are They İmportant?”. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15 (2), 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1348/135532510X500064
  • 11. Ingram, R. E. and Luxton, D. D. (2005). “Vulnerability-Stress Models”. Development of Psychopathology: A Vulnerability-Stress Perspective, 46 (2), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231655.n2
  • 12. Akdeniz, H. (2018). Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Öğrenilmiş Güçlülük ve Psikolojik Kırılganlık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim Dalı, Sakarya.
  • 13. Uysal, R. (2015). “Social Competence and Psychological Vulnerability: The Mediating Role of Flourishing”. Psychological Reports, 117 (2), 554-565. https://doi.org/10.2466/21.PR0.117c18z2
  • 14. Karasar, N. (2009). “Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar-İlkeler-Teknikler”. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • 15. Sinclair, V. G. and Wallston, K. A. (1999). “The development and Validation of the Psychological Vulnerability Scale”. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23 (2), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018770926615
  • 16. Akın, A. ve Eker, H. (2011). “Turkish Version of the Psychological Vulnerability Scale: A Study of Validity and Reliability”. 32th International Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society, July 18-20.
  • 17. Kavaklı, M, Ak, M, Uğuz, F. ve Türkmen, O. O. (2020). “The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship Between Perceived COVID-19 Threat and Death Anxiety”. Anxiety, 4, 5. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2020.59862
  • 18. George, D. and Mallery, P. (2010). “SPSS for Windows Step by Step a Simple Study Guide and Reference”. GEN, Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc, 10, 152-165. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1089444
  • 19. Hair, J. F, Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. (2013). “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance”. Long Range Planning, 46 (1-2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001
  • 20. Tabachnick, B. G, Fidell, L. S. and Ullman, J. B. (2013). “Using Multivariate Statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516)”. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • 21. Bohlken, J, Schömig, F, Lemke, M. R, Pumberger, M. and Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare Workers-a Short Current Review”. Psychiatrische Praxis, 47 (4), 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1159-5551
  • 22. Savitsky, B, Radomislensky, I. and Hendel, T. (2021). “Nurses' Occupational Satisfaction During Covid-19 Pandemic”. Applied Nursing Research, 59, 151416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151416
  • 23. Abd-Ellatif, E. E, Anwar, M. M, AlJifri, A. A. and El Dalatony, M. M. (2021). “Fear of COVID-19 and its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Egyptian Physicians”. Safety and Health at Work, 12 (4), 490-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.07.007
  • 24. Labrague, L. J. and de Los Santos, J. A. A. (2021). “Fear Of Covid‐19, Psychological Distress, Work Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Frontline Nurses”. Journal of Nursing Management, 29 (3), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13168
  • 25. Griffiths, M. D. and Mamun, M. A. (2020). “COVID-19 Suicidal Behavior Among Couples and Suicide Pacts: Case Study Evidence from Press Reports”. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113105
  • 26. Chen, S. and Bonanno, G. A. (2020). “Psychological Adjustment During the Global Outbreak of COVID-19: A Resilience Perspective”. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12 (S1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000685
  • 27. Zandifar, A. and Badrfam, R. (2020). “Iranian Mental Health During the COVID-19 Epidemic”. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 101990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990
  • 28. Huang, Y. and Zhao, N. (2020). “Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality During COVID-19 Outbreak in China: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey”. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
  • 29. Baykal, E. (2020). “COVID-19 Bağlamında Psikolojik Dayanıklılık, Kaygı ve Yaşam Doyum İlişkisi”. International Journal of Social and Economic Sciences, 10 (2), 68-80.
  • 30. Haktanir, A, Seki, T. ve Dilmaç, B. (2020). “Adaptation and Evaluation of Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID19 Scale”. Death Studies, 1-9.
  • 31. Smith, L. B, Lenz, A. S. and Strohmer, D. (2017). “Differential Prediction of Resilience Among İndividuals with and without a History of Abuse”. Counseling and Values, 62 (1), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/cvj.12052
  • 32. Hjemdal, O, Vogel, P. A, Solem, S, Hagen, K. and Stiles, T. C. (2011). “The Relationship Between Resilience and Levels of Anxiety, Depression, and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Adolescents”. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18 (4), 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.719
  • 33. Dymecka J, Gerymski R, Machnik-Czerwik A. (2021). “How Does Stress Affect Life Satisfaction During the COVID19 Pandemic? Moderated Mediation Analysis of Sense of Coherence and Fear of Coronavirus”. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 31, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1906436
  • 34. Evren, C, Evren, B, Dalbudak, E, Topcu, M. ve Kutlu, N. (2020). “Measuring Anxiety Related to COVID-19: A Turkish Validation Study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale”. Death Studies, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969
  • 35. Çiçek, B. ve Almali, V. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Kaygı Öz-Yeterlilik ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: Özel Sektör ve Kamu Calışanları Karşılaştırması”. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15 (4), 241-260.
  • 36. Kul, A, Demir, R. ve Katmer, A. N. (2020). “COVID-19 Salgını Döneminde Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Yordayıcısı Olarak Yaşam Anlamı ve Kaygı”. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15 (6), 695-719. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43492
  • 37. Tekin, E. (2020). “COVID-19 Kaygısının Motivasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi: Z Kusagi Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15 (4), 1129-1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44070
  • 38. Rogowska, A. M, Kusnierz, C. and Bokszczanin, A. (2020). “Examining Anxiety, Life Satisfaction, General Health, Stress and Coping Styles During COVID-19 Pandemic in Polish Sample of University Students”. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 797. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S266511
  • 39. Tomaszek, K. and Muchacka-Cymerman, A. (2020). “Thinking About My Existence During COVID-19, I Feel Anxiety and Awe—the Mediating Role of Existential Anxiety and Life Satisfaction on The Relationship Between Ptsd Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Growth”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197062
  • 40. Bozdag, F. ve Ergün, N. (2020). “Psychological Resilience of Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic”. Sage Journals, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120965477

Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1722 - 1728, 26.12.2023

Ahmet Kaplan Melike Yağcı Hasan Tuna

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810

Öz

Pandemi dönemlerinde sağlık çalışanları ruhsal sağlık problemleri ile yüzleşmektedir. Bu kapsamda araştırma, pandemi sürecindeki COVID-19 salgını tehdidinin hekimlerin psikolojik kırılganlık düzeylerine olan etkilerini incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini uygun örnekleme yoluyla seçilen 235 hekim oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Psikolojik Kırılganlık Ölçeği” ve “Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız gruplar t testi, One-Way ANOVA testi, Pearson momentler çarpım korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda Pandemi sürecindeki hekimlerin algıladıkları COVID-19 tehdidi ile psikolojik kırılganlıkları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pandemi Covid-19 Hekim Psikolojik Kırılganlık

Kaynakça

  • 1. Wang, D, Hu, B, Hu, C, Zhu, F, Liu, X, Zhang, J. and Peng, Z. (2020). "Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan". China. Jama, 323 (11), 1061-1069. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  • 2. Zhu, N, Zhang, D, Wang, W, Li, X, Yang, B, Song, J. and Tan, W. (2020). "A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China". New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
  • 3. Shen, K, Yang, Y, Wang, T, Zhao, D, Jiang, Y, Jin, R. and Gao, L. (2020). "Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection in Children: Experts' Consensus Statement". World Journal of Pediatrics, 16 (3), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7
  • 4. Zhang, W. R, Wang, K, Yin, L, Zhao, W. F. Xue, Q, Peng, M. and Wang, H. X. (2020). "Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China". Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89 (4), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
  • 5. Khader, Y, Al Nsour, M, Al-Batayneh, O. B, Saadeh, R, Bashier, H, Alfaqih, M. and Al-Azzam, S. (2020). "Dentists’ Awareness, Perception, and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 and Infection Control: Cross-Sectional Study Among Jordanian Dentists”. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 6 (2), e18798. https://doi.org/10.2196/18798
  • 6. Maunder, R. (2004). “The Experience of the 2003 SARS Outbreak as a Traumatic Stress Among Frontline Healthcare Workers in Toronto: Lessons Learned”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359 (1447), 1117-1125. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1483
  • 7. McAlonan, G. M, Lee, A. M, Cheung, V, Cheung, C, Tsang, K. W, Sham, P. C. and Wong, J. G. (2007). “Immediate and Sustained Psychological İmpact of an Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak on Health Care Workers”. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52 (4), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370705200406
  • 8. Wu, P, Fang, Y, Guan, Z, Fan, B, Kong, J, Yao, Z. ve Hoven, C. W. (2009). “The Psychological İmpact of the SARS Epidemic on Hospital Employees in China: Exposure, Risk Perception, and Altruistic Acceptance of Risk”. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54 (5), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
  • 9. Yıldız, S. (2020). “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Yaşantılarının Psikolojik Kırılganlıkla İlişkisinde Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stresin Aracı Rolü”. Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • 10. Gudjonsson, G. H. (2010). “Psychological Vulnerabilities During Police İnterviews. Why are They İmportant?”. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15 (2), 161-175. https://doi.org/10.1348/135532510X500064
  • 11. Ingram, R. E. and Luxton, D. D. (2005). “Vulnerability-Stress Models”. Development of Psychopathology: A Vulnerability-Stress Perspective, 46 (2), 32-46. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231655.n2
  • 12. Akdeniz, H. (2018). Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenlerinin Öğrenilmiş Güçlülük ve Psikolojik Kırılganlık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi. Sakarya Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim Dalı, Sakarya.
  • 13. Uysal, R. (2015). “Social Competence and Psychological Vulnerability: The Mediating Role of Flourishing”. Psychological Reports, 117 (2), 554-565. https://doi.org/10.2466/21.PR0.117c18z2
  • 14. Karasar, N. (2009). “Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi: Kavramlar-İlkeler-Teknikler”. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • 15. Sinclair, V. G. and Wallston, K. A. (1999). “The development and Validation of the Psychological Vulnerability Scale”. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23 (2), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018770926615
  • 16. Akın, A. ve Eker, H. (2011). “Turkish Version of the Psychological Vulnerability Scale: A Study of Validity and Reliability”. 32th International Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society, July 18-20.
  • 17. Kavaklı, M, Ak, M, Uğuz, F. ve Türkmen, O. O. (2020). “The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship Between Perceived COVID-19 Threat and Death Anxiety”. Anxiety, 4, 5. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2020.59862
  • 18. George, D. and Mallery, P. (2010). “SPSS for Windows Step by Step a Simple Study Guide and Reference”. GEN, Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc, 10, 152-165. https://doi.org/10.17152/gefad.1089444
  • 19. Hair, J. F, Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. (2013). “Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance”. Long Range Planning, 46 (1-2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001
  • 20. Tabachnick, B. G, Fidell, L. S. and Ullman, J. B. (2013). “Using Multivariate Statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516)”. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • 21. Bohlken, J, Schömig, F, Lemke, M. R, Pumberger, M. and Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemic: Stress Experience of Healthcare Workers-a Short Current Review”. Psychiatrische Praxis, 47 (4), 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1159-5551
  • 22. Savitsky, B, Radomislensky, I. and Hendel, T. (2021). “Nurses' Occupational Satisfaction During Covid-19 Pandemic”. Applied Nursing Research, 59, 151416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151416
  • 23. Abd-Ellatif, E. E, Anwar, M. M, AlJifri, A. A. and El Dalatony, M. M. (2021). “Fear of COVID-19 and its Impact on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Egyptian Physicians”. Safety and Health at Work, 12 (4), 490-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.07.007
  • 24. Labrague, L. J. and de Los Santos, J. A. A. (2021). “Fear Of Covid‐19, Psychological Distress, Work Satisfaction and Turnover Intention Among Frontline Nurses”. Journal of Nursing Management, 29 (3), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13168
  • 25. Griffiths, M. D. and Mamun, M. A. (2020). “COVID-19 Suicidal Behavior Among Couples and Suicide Pacts: Case Study Evidence from Press Reports”. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113105
  • 26. Chen, S. and Bonanno, G. A. (2020). “Psychological Adjustment During the Global Outbreak of COVID-19: A Resilience Perspective”. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12 (S1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000685
  • 27. Zandifar, A. and Badrfam, R. (2020). “Iranian Mental Health During the COVID-19 Epidemic”. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 101990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990
  • 28. Huang, Y. and Zhao, N. (2020). “Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality During COVID-19 Outbreak in China: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey”. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
  • 29. Baykal, E. (2020). “COVID-19 Bağlamında Psikolojik Dayanıklılık, Kaygı ve Yaşam Doyum İlişkisi”. International Journal of Social and Economic Sciences, 10 (2), 68-80.
  • 30. Haktanir, A, Seki, T. ve Dilmaç, B. (2020). “Adaptation and Evaluation of Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID19 Scale”. Death Studies, 1-9.
  • 31. Smith, L. B, Lenz, A. S. and Strohmer, D. (2017). “Differential Prediction of Resilience Among İndividuals with and without a History of Abuse”. Counseling and Values, 62 (1), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/cvj.12052
  • 32. Hjemdal, O, Vogel, P. A, Solem, S, Hagen, K. and Stiles, T. C. (2011). “The Relationship Between Resilience and Levels of Anxiety, Depression, and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Adolescents”. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18 (4), 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.719
  • 33. Dymecka J, Gerymski R, Machnik-Czerwik A. (2021). “How Does Stress Affect Life Satisfaction During the COVID19 Pandemic? Moderated Mediation Analysis of Sense of Coherence and Fear of Coronavirus”. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 31, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1906436
  • 34. Evren, C, Evren, B, Dalbudak, E, Topcu, M. ve Kutlu, N. (2020). “Measuring Anxiety Related to COVID-19: A Turkish Validation Study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale”. Death Studies, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969
  • 35. Çiçek, B. ve Almali, V. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Kaygı Öz-Yeterlilik ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: Özel Sektör ve Kamu Calışanları Karşılaştırması”. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15 (4), 241-260.
  • 36. Kul, A, Demir, R. ve Katmer, A. N. (2020). “COVID-19 Salgını Döneminde Psikolojik Sağlamlığın Yordayıcısı Olarak Yaşam Anlamı ve Kaygı”. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15 (6), 695-719. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43492
  • 37. Tekin, E. (2020). “COVID-19 Kaygısının Motivasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi: Z Kusagi Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15 (4), 1129-1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44070
  • 38. Rogowska, A. M, Kusnierz, C. and Bokszczanin, A. (2020). “Examining Anxiety, Life Satisfaction, General Health, Stress and Coping Styles During COVID-19 Pandemic in Polish Sample of University Students”. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 797. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S266511
  • 39. Tomaszek, K. and Muchacka-Cymerman, A. (2020). “Thinking About My Existence During COVID-19, I Feel Anxiety and Awe—the Mediating Role of Existential Anxiety and Life Satisfaction on The Relationship Between Ptsd Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Growth”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197062
  • 40. Bozdag, F. ve Ergün, N. (2020). “Psychological Resilience of Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19 Pandemic”. Sage Journals, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120965477
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ahmet Kaplan 0000-0002-9587-4274

Melike Yağcı 0000-0001-7250-1750

Hasan Tuna 0000-0003-3194-7216

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaplan, A., Yağcı, M., & Tuna, H. (2023). Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(4), 1722-1728. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810
AMA Kaplan A, Yağcı M, Tuna H. Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Aralık 2023;12(4):1722-1728. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810
Chicago Kaplan, Ahmet, Melike Yağcı, ve Hasan Tuna. “Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 1722-28. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810.
EndNote Kaplan A, Yağcı M, Tuna H (01 Aralık 2023) Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 4 1722–1728.
IEEE A. Kaplan, M. Yağcı, ve H. Tuna, “Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 4, ss. 1722–1728, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810.
ISNAD Kaplan, Ahmet vd. “Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/4 (Aralık 2023), 1722-1728. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810.
JAMA Kaplan A, Yağcı M, Tuna H. Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:1722–1728.
MLA Kaplan, Ahmet vd. “Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 1722-8, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1275810.
Vancouver Kaplan A, Yağcı M, Tuna H. Algılanan COVID-19 Tehdidinin Hekimlerin Psikolojik Kırılganlıklarına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(4):1722-8.
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