Araştırma Makalesi
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A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 217 - 243, 31.12.2009

Uğur Ömürgönülşen M. Kemal Öktem

Öz

Hem bir bilimsel çalışma hem de bir
uygulama alanı olarak kamu yönetimi, kendi asli temellerini oluşturan kamu
hukuku ve siyaset felsefesinin etkisiyle, özü gereği “normatif”tir. Kamu
yönetiminde normatif bir boyuta sahip olmayan bir konu bulmak oldukça zordur.
Bu bağlamda, kamu yönetimi üzerine çalışanlar doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak,
özellikle veya özel bir amaç taşımaksızın normatif sorunlara değinirler. Bu
makalede, esas itibariyle, şu soru tartışılmıştır: “Kamu yönetiminde, ampirik
veriler temelinde, normatif bir sorun bir metodolojik çerçeve içerisinde
sistemli olarak nasıl analiz edilebilir?” İşte bu makalede, söz konusu karmaşık
soru, yazarlar tarafından daha önce başka bir amaçla yapılmış bir araştırmanın
planı ve bulgularının sınırları içerisinde, Türkiye’deki kamu hizmeti etiğine
özel olarak değinilerek ele alınmıştır: Türkiye’de kamu hizmeti etiğinin
normatif boyutu üzerine normatif bir araştırma (temel normlar ve bu normlara
göre şekillenen hukuksal-yönetsel düzenlemeler ve kurumsal mekanizmalar);
Türkiye’de kamu hizmeti etiğinin kültürel boyutu üzerine görgül bir araştırma
(Türk kamu yönetiminin etik olmayan davranışlarla mücadelede kültürel olarak
güçlü ve zayıf yönleri); ve söz konusu normatif ve görgül araştırmalar
arasındaki bağlantı.



  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Normatif araştırma ampirik araştırma kamu yönetimi kamu hizmeti etiği Türkiye

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, M.M., K.Y. Chung and J.W. Eichenseher (2003) “Business Students’ Perception of Ethics and Moral Judgment: A Cross-Cultural Study”, Journal of Business Ethics, 43(1-2), 89-102.
  • Aktan, C.C. (1992) Politik Yozlaşma ve Kleptokrasi: 1980-1990 Türkiye Deneyimi, Ankara: Yeni Türkiye.
  • Aktan, C. C. (1999) Kirli Devletten Temiz Devlete, Ankara: Yeni Türkiye.
  • Bacharach, S. B. (1989), “Organisational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation”, Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 496-515.
  • Behnke, N. (2002) “A Nolan Committee for the German Ethics Infrastructure”, European Journal of Political Research, 41(5), 675-708.
  • Berlin, I. (1979) Concepts and Categories, New York: Viking Press.
  • Bowman, S.J. (2000) “Towards a Professional Ethos: From Regulatory to Reflective Codes”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 66, 673-687.
  • Chen, C. C., J. R. Meindl and R. G. Hunt (1997) “Testing the Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Collectivism: A Study of Reward Allocation Preferences in China”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 44-70.
  • Christie, P.M.J., I.G. Kwon, P.A. Stoeberl and R. Baumhart (2003) “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethical Attitudes of Business Managers: India, Korea and the United States”, Journal of Business Ethics, 46(3), 263-287.
  • Cooper, T.L. (2004) “Big Questions in Administrative Ethics: A Need for Focused Collaborative Effort”, Public Administrative Review, 64(4), 395-407.
  • Demirci, M. (2007) “Kamu Yönetimi Etiğinin Normatif Temelleri”, B. Eryılmaz, M. Eken ve M.L. Şen (eds.), Kamu Yönetimi Yazıları, Ankara: Nobel, 200-219. Denhardt, K.G. (1988) The Ethics of Public Service, New York: Greenwood Press.
  • Dooren, W.V. and S.V. de Walle (2008) “Reality is Merely an Illusion, Albeit a Persistent One: Introduction to the Performance Measurement Symposium”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(4), 531-534.
  • Emre, C., Y. Hazama and S. Mutlu (2003) “Cultural Values, Morality and Public Administration in Turkey” (in C. Emre, Yönetim Bilimi Yazıları), Ankara: İmaj (The original edition of this article was published in Y. Hazama (ed.), Emerging Changes in Turkish Politics and Society, Tokyo: IDE, 30-47).
  • European Commission (2004) 2004 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, (6.10.2004;SEC-2004-1201), (http://www.abgs.gov.tr/www.euturkey.org.tr, 21.03.2005).
  • Fountain, J.E. (1994) “Comment: Disciplining Public Management Research”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 13, 269-277.
  • Freeman, H.E. and C.C. Sherwood (1970), Social Research and Social Policy, New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Gore, A. (1993) From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
  • Goss, R.P. (1996) “A Distinct Public Administration Ethics”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(4), 573-597.
  • Guba, E.G. and Y.S. Lincoln (1989) Fourth Generation and Evaluation, Newbury Park, CA.: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Huberts, L.W.J.C., J. Maesschalck and C.L. Jurkiewicz (eds.) (2008a), Ethics and Integrity of Governance, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Huberts, L.W.J.C., J. Maesschalck and C. L. Jurkiewicz (2008b) “Global Perspectives on Good Governance Policies and Research”, L.W.J.C. Huberts, J. Maesschalck and C. L. Jurkiewicz (eds.), Ethics and Integrity of Governance: Perspectives Across Frontiers, Cheltenham: Edwar Elgar, 239-264.
  • İTO (1997) Araştırma, İstanbul: İTO.
  • KAYA (1991) Kamu Yönetimi Araştırması (KAYA): Genel Rapor, Ankara: TODAİE.
  • Kernaghan, K. (2003) “Integrating Values into Public Service: The Values Statement as Centerpiece”, Public Administrative Review, 63(6), 711-719.
  • Kettl, D. (1990) “The Perils-and-Prospects of Public Administration”, Public Administration Review, 50, 411-419.
  • Kuçuradi, İ. (2000), “Felsefi Eik ve Mesleki Etikler”, H. Tepe (Yay. Haz.), Etik ve Meslek Etikleri, Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu.
  • Kutanis, R.Ö., S. Bayraktaroğlu ve E. Yıldırım (2007) “”Nitel Araştırmanın Dayanılma Hafifliği: İdealler ve Gerçekler”, XV. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 25-27 Mayıs 2007, Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi, 233-244.
  • Leung, K., M.H. Bond and S.H. Schwartz (1995) “How to Explain Cross-cultural Differences: Values, Valences, and Expectations?”, Asian Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 70-75.
  • Lewis, C.W. and S.C. Gilam (2005) The e-Ethics Challenge in Public Service, San Fransisco: John Wiley&Sons.
  • Lewis, C.W. (2008) “Ethical Norms in Public Service: A Framework Analysis”, L.W.J.C. Huberts, J. Maesschalck and C. L. Jurkiewicz (eds.), Ethics and Integrity of Governance, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 44-64.
  • Lu, L.C., G.M. Rose and J.G. Blodgett (1999) “The Effects of Cultural Dimensions on Ethical Decision Making in Marketing: An Exploratory Study, Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 91-105.
  • Lynn, L.E., Jr. (1994) “Public Management Research: The Triumph of Art over Science”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 13, 231-259.
  • Menzel, D.C. (2005) “State of the Art of Empirical Research on Ethics and Integrity in Governance” in H. G. Frederickson and R. K. Ghere (eds.), Ethics in Public Management, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 16-46.
  • Mills, A. (1999) “Ethics go Global: The OECD Council of Recommendation on Improving Ethical Conduct in the Public Sector”, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 58(2), 61-69.
  • Mintzberg, H. (1996) “Managing Government: Governing Management”, Harvard Business Review, May-June Issue, 75-83.
  • NDPA Research Group at Leiden University (2005) (hhtp://www.publicadministration.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?m=1&c=221).
  • Neuman, W. L. (2003) Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, (5th ed.), Boston: A&B.
  • Osborne, D. and P. Plastrik (1997) Banishing Bureaucracy: The Five Strategies for Reinventing Government, New York: Addison Wesley.
  • Ott, J.S. (1989) The Organizational Culture Perspective, Pacific Grove C.A.: Brooks/Cole.
  • Öktem, M.K., M. Arslan, M. Kılıç, D.N. Leblebici and M.D. Aydın (2003) “Girişimci Örgütsel Kültür ve Çalışanların İç Girişimcilik Düzeyi: Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 21(2), 169-188.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. (2008) “Legal and Institutional Infrastructure of Ethical Administration in Turkey: Adequate or Not?” International Conference on Social Sciences, (21-22 August 2008), Social Sciences Research Society (SOSRES), İzmir-Turkey, 17-31.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2005) “The Feasibility of an Ethical Administration in Turkey: Legal-Institutional and Cultural Pillars of Public Service Ethics” Ethics and Integrity of Governance: The First Transatlantic Dialogue, (2-5 June 2005), Catholic University of Leuven-Public Management Institute&IIAS&ASPA, Leuven-Belgium.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2006) “Towards an Understanding of ther Cultural Pillars of Ethical Administration in Turkey: A Qualitative Research Endeavour”, EGPA Annual Conference: Public Managers under Pressure between Politics, Professionalism and Civil Society, (6-9 September 2006), Bocconi University, Milan-Italy.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2007) Avrupa Birliği’ne Üyelik Sürecinde Türk Kamu Yönetimi, Ankara: İmaj.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U., M.K. Öktem and K.U. Bilgin (2009a) “Kamu Yönetiminde Performansa Etik Yansımalar”, Kamu Etiği Sempozyumu, 25-26 Mayıs 2009, Ankara, Sempozyum Bildiriler Kitabı 2, Ankara: TODAİE, 587-598.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2009b) “Is there any Change in the Public Service Values of Different Generations of Public Administrators? The Case of Turkish Governors and District-Governors”, Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1), 137-156.
  • Palau, S.L. (2001) “Ethical Evaluations, Intentions, and Orientations of Accountants: Evidence from a Cross-Cultural Examination”, International Advances in Economic Research, 7(3), 351-364.
  • Park, H., J. Blenkinsopp, Author and Author (2008) “Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K.”, Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 929-939.
  • Rohr, J.A. (1986) To Run a Constitution: The Legitimacy of the Administrative State, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
  • Rohr, J.A. (2004) “On Cooper’s Big Questions” Public Administrative Review, 64(4), 408-409.
  • Rosenbloom, D.H. (1999) “Administrative Reform in the New Millenium: Diagnosis, Prescription, and the Limits of Transferability”, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 21(4), 491-496.
  • Sarantakos, S. (1998) Social Research, (2nd ed.), London: Macmillan.
  • Schein, E.H. (1985) Organizational Culture&Leadership, San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Schein, E.H. (1999) The Corporate Culture Survival Guide: Sense and Nonsense About Culture Change, San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
  • Simon, H. (1945/1976) Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision Making Processes in Administrative Organizations, (3rd ed.), New York: MacMillan.
  • Simon, H. (1946/1997) “The Proverbs of Administration”, J. M. Shafritz and A. C. Hyde (eds.), Classics of Public Administration, (4th ed.), Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 127-141.
  • Smith, A. and E.C. Hume (2005) “Linking Culture and Ethics: A Comparison of Accountants’ Ethical Belief Systems in the Individualism/Collectivism and Power Distance Context”, Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 209-220.
  • Spicer, M.W. (2005) “The History of Ideas and Normative Research in Public Administration”, Keynote Address presented at the “Working-Conference on Normative Dimensions of Public Administration”, November 10-11 2005, Leiden University, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Leiden-Netherlands.
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  • Stivers, C. (2000b) “Resisting the Ascendancy of Public Management: Normative Theory and Public Administration”, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 22(1), 10-23.
  • Su, S. (2006) “Cultural Differences in Determining the Ethical Perception and Decision-Making of Future Accounting Professionals: A Comparison between Accounting Students from Taiwan and the United States”, Journal of American Academy of Business, 9(1), 147-158.
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A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 217 - 243, 31.12.2009

Uğur Ömürgönülşen M. Kemal Öktem

Öz

With the effect of its fundamental
pillars (i.e. public law and political philosophy),
public administration both as a study and a practice is inherently “normative”.
It is highly difficult to find a topic in public administration that does not
have a normative dimension. In this context, all the students of public administration
address normative issues directly or indirectly, deliberately or unintentionally.
The following question has been mainly discussed in this paper: “How can a
normative issue in public administration be analysed systematically on the
basis of empirical data within a methodological framework?” In this paper, this
complicated question has been dealt with a special reference to public service
ethics in Turkey within the boundaries of the design and findings of the
research previously conducted for a different aim by the authors: A normative
research on the normative dimension of public service ethics in Turkey (i.e.
basic norms and legal-administrative regulations and institutional mechanims
based on such norms); an empirical research on the cultural dimension of public
service ethics in Turkey (i.e. the cultural strengths and weaknesses of Turkish
public administration in combating unethical conducts); and the link between
the normative and empirical research.

 







 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Normative research empirical research public administration public service ethics Turkey

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, M.M., K.Y. Chung and J.W. Eichenseher (2003) “Business Students’ Perception of Ethics and Moral Judgment: A Cross-Cultural Study”, Journal of Business Ethics, 43(1-2), 89-102.
  • Aktan, C.C. (1992) Politik Yozlaşma ve Kleptokrasi: 1980-1990 Türkiye Deneyimi, Ankara: Yeni Türkiye.
  • Aktan, C. C. (1999) Kirli Devletten Temiz Devlete, Ankara: Yeni Türkiye.
  • Bacharach, S. B. (1989), “Organisational Theories: Some Criteria for Evaluation”, Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 496-515.
  • Behnke, N. (2002) “A Nolan Committee for the German Ethics Infrastructure”, European Journal of Political Research, 41(5), 675-708.
  • Berlin, I. (1979) Concepts and Categories, New York: Viking Press.
  • Bowman, S.J. (2000) “Towards a Professional Ethos: From Regulatory to Reflective Codes”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 66, 673-687.
  • Chen, C. C., J. R. Meindl and R. G. Hunt (1997) “Testing the Effects of Vertical and Horizontal Collectivism: A Study of Reward Allocation Preferences in China”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 44-70.
  • Christie, P.M.J., I.G. Kwon, P.A. Stoeberl and R. Baumhart (2003) “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethical Attitudes of Business Managers: India, Korea and the United States”, Journal of Business Ethics, 46(3), 263-287.
  • Cooper, T.L. (2004) “Big Questions in Administrative Ethics: A Need for Focused Collaborative Effort”, Public Administrative Review, 64(4), 395-407.
  • Demirci, M. (2007) “Kamu Yönetimi Etiğinin Normatif Temelleri”, B. Eryılmaz, M. Eken ve M.L. Şen (eds.), Kamu Yönetimi Yazıları, Ankara: Nobel, 200-219. Denhardt, K.G. (1988) The Ethics of Public Service, New York: Greenwood Press.
  • Dooren, W.V. and S.V. de Walle (2008) “Reality is Merely an Illusion, Albeit a Persistent One: Introduction to the Performance Measurement Symposium”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 74(4), 531-534.
  • Emre, C., Y. Hazama and S. Mutlu (2003) “Cultural Values, Morality and Public Administration in Turkey” (in C. Emre, Yönetim Bilimi Yazıları), Ankara: İmaj (The original edition of this article was published in Y. Hazama (ed.), Emerging Changes in Turkish Politics and Society, Tokyo: IDE, 30-47).
  • European Commission (2004) 2004 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, (6.10.2004;SEC-2004-1201), (http://www.abgs.gov.tr/www.euturkey.org.tr, 21.03.2005).
  • Fountain, J.E. (1994) “Comment: Disciplining Public Management Research”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 13, 269-277.
  • Freeman, H.E. and C.C. Sherwood (1970), Social Research and Social Policy, New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Gore, A. (1993) From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
  • Goss, R.P. (1996) “A Distinct Public Administration Ethics”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(4), 573-597.
  • Guba, E.G. and Y.S. Lincoln (1989) Fourth Generation and Evaluation, Newbury Park, CA.: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Huberts, L.W.J.C., J. Maesschalck and C.L. Jurkiewicz (eds.) (2008a), Ethics and Integrity of Governance, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  • Huberts, L.W.J.C., J. Maesschalck and C. L. Jurkiewicz (2008b) “Global Perspectives on Good Governance Policies and Research”, L.W.J.C. Huberts, J. Maesschalck and C. L. Jurkiewicz (eds.), Ethics and Integrity of Governance: Perspectives Across Frontiers, Cheltenham: Edwar Elgar, 239-264.
  • İTO (1997) Araştırma, İstanbul: İTO.
  • KAYA (1991) Kamu Yönetimi Araştırması (KAYA): Genel Rapor, Ankara: TODAİE.
  • Kernaghan, K. (2003) “Integrating Values into Public Service: The Values Statement as Centerpiece”, Public Administrative Review, 63(6), 711-719.
  • Kettl, D. (1990) “The Perils-and-Prospects of Public Administration”, Public Administration Review, 50, 411-419.
  • Kuçuradi, İ. (2000), “Felsefi Eik ve Mesleki Etikler”, H. Tepe (Yay. Haz.), Etik ve Meslek Etikleri, Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu.
  • Kutanis, R.Ö., S. Bayraktaroğlu ve E. Yıldırım (2007) “”Nitel Araştırmanın Dayanılma Hafifliği: İdealler ve Gerçekler”, XV. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 25-27 Mayıs 2007, Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi, 233-244.
  • Leung, K., M.H. Bond and S.H. Schwartz (1995) “How to Explain Cross-cultural Differences: Values, Valences, and Expectations?”, Asian Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 70-75.
  • Lewis, C.W. and S.C. Gilam (2005) The e-Ethics Challenge in Public Service, San Fransisco: John Wiley&Sons.
  • Lewis, C.W. (2008) “Ethical Norms in Public Service: A Framework Analysis”, L.W.J.C. Huberts, J. Maesschalck and C. L. Jurkiewicz (eds.), Ethics and Integrity of Governance, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 44-64.
  • Lu, L.C., G.M. Rose and J.G. Blodgett (1999) “The Effects of Cultural Dimensions on Ethical Decision Making in Marketing: An Exploratory Study, Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 91-105.
  • Lynn, L.E., Jr. (1994) “Public Management Research: The Triumph of Art over Science”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 13, 231-259.
  • Menzel, D.C. (2005) “State of the Art of Empirical Research on Ethics and Integrity in Governance” in H. G. Frederickson and R. K. Ghere (eds.), Ethics in Public Management, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 16-46.
  • Mills, A. (1999) “Ethics go Global: The OECD Council of Recommendation on Improving Ethical Conduct in the Public Sector”, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 58(2), 61-69.
  • Mintzberg, H. (1996) “Managing Government: Governing Management”, Harvard Business Review, May-June Issue, 75-83.
  • NDPA Research Group at Leiden University (2005) (hhtp://www.publicadministration.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?m=1&c=221).
  • Neuman, W. L. (2003) Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, (5th ed.), Boston: A&B.
  • Osborne, D. and P. Plastrik (1997) Banishing Bureaucracy: The Five Strategies for Reinventing Government, New York: Addison Wesley.
  • Ott, J.S. (1989) The Organizational Culture Perspective, Pacific Grove C.A.: Brooks/Cole.
  • Öktem, M.K., M. Arslan, M. Kılıç, D.N. Leblebici and M.D. Aydın (2003) “Girişimci Örgütsel Kültür ve Çalışanların İç Girişimcilik Düzeyi: Uygulamalı Bir Çalışma”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 21(2), 169-188.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. (2008) “Legal and Institutional Infrastructure of Ethical Administration in Turkey: Adequate or Not?” International Conference on Social Sciences, (21-22 August 2008), Social Sciences Research Society (SOSRES), İzmir-Turkey, 17-31.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2005) “The Feasibility of an Ethical Administration in Turkey: Legal-Institutional and Cultural Pillars of Public Service Ethics” Ethics and Integrity of Governance: The First Transatlantic Dialogue, (2-5 June 2005), Catholic University of Leuven-Public Management Institute&IIAS&ASPA, Leuven-Belgium.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2006) “Towards an Understanding of ther Cultural Pillars of Ethical Administration in Turkey: A Qualitative Research Endeavour”, EGPA Annual Conference: Public Managers under Pressure between Politics, Professionalism and Civil Society, (6-9 September 2006), Bocconi University, Milan-Italy.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2007) Avrupa Birliği’ne Üyelik Sürecinde Türk Kamu Yönetimi, Ankara: İmaj.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U., M.K. Öktem and K.U. Bilgin (2009a) “Kamu Yönetiminde Performansa Etik Yansımalar”, Kamu Etiği Sempozyumu, 25-26 Mayıs 2009, Ankara, Sempozyum Bildiriler Kitabı 2, Ankara: TODAİE, 587-598.
  • Ömürgönülşen, U. and M.K. Öktem (2009b) “Is there any Change in the Public Service Values of Different Generations of Public Administrators? The Case of Turkish Governors and District-Governors”, Journal of Business Ethics, 88(1), 137-156.
  • Palau, S.L. (2001) “Ethical Evaluations, Intentions, and Orientations of Accountants: Evidence from a Cross-Cultural Examination”, International Advances in Economic Research, 7(3), 351-364.
  • Park, H., J. Blenkinsopp, Author and Author (2008) “Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K.”, Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 929-939.
  • Rohr, J.A. (1986) To Run a Constitution: The Legitimacy of the Administrative State, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
  • Rohr, J.A. (2004) “On Cooper’s Big Questions” Public Administrative Review, 64(4), 408-409.
  • Rosenbloom, D.H. (1999) “Administrative Reform in the New Millenium: Diagnosis, Prescription, and the Limits of Transferability”, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 21(4), 491-496.
  • Sarantakos, S. (1998) Social Research, (2nd ed.), London: Macmillan.
  • Schein, E.H. (1985) Organizational Culture&Leadership, San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Schein, E.H. (1999) The Corporate Culture Survival Guide: Sense and Nonsense About Culture Change, San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
  • Simon, H. (1945/1976) Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision Making Processes in Administrative Organizations, (3rd ed.), New York: MacMillan.
  • Simon, H. (1946/1997) “The Proverbs of Administration”, J. M. Shafritz and A. C. Hyde (eds.), Classics of Public Administration, (4th ed.), Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace, 127-141.
  • Smith, A. and E.C. Hume (2005) “Linking Culture and Ethics: A Comparison of Accountants’ Ethical Belief Systems in the Individualism/Collectivism and Power Distance Context”, Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 209-220.
  • Spicer, M.W. (2005) “The History of Ideas and Normative Research in Public Administration”, Keynote Address presented at the “Working-Conference on Normative Dimensions of Public Administration”, November 10-11 2005, Leiden University, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Leiden-Netherlands.
  • Stillman, R.C. II (1998) Creating the American State: The Moral Reformers and the Modern Administratve World They Made, Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
  • Stivers, C. (2000a) Bureau Man, Settlement Women: Constructing Public Administration in the Progressive Era, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
  • Stivers, C. (2000b) “Resisting the Ascendancy of Public Management: Normative Theory and Public Administration”, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 22(1), 10-23.
  • Su, S. (2006) “Cultural Differences in Determining the Ethical Perception and Decision-Making of Future Accounting Professionals: A Comparison between Accounting Students from Taiwan and the United States”, Journal of American Academy of Business, 9(1), 147-158.
  • Şen, M.L. et al. (ed.) (2005) Siyasette ve Yönetimde Etik Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi.
  • Tayeb, M. (1994) “Organizations and National Culture: Methodology Considered”, Organization Studies, 15(3), 429-445.
  • Thomas, D.C. and K. Au (2002) “The Effect of Cultural Differences on Behavioral Responses to Low Job Satisfaction”, Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2), 309-326.
  • Thompson, F.D. (1985) “The Possibility of Administrative Ethics”, Public Administration Review, 45(5), 555-561.
  • Tsui, J. and C. Windsor (2001) “Some Cross-Cultural Evidence of Ethical Reasoning”, Journal of Business Ethics, 31, 143-150.
  • TÜGİAD (1997) 2000’li Yıllara Doğru Türkiye’nin Önde gelen Sorunlarına Yaklaşımlar: Kamu Yönetiminde Yozlaşma ve Rüşvet, Ankara: TÜGİAD.
  • Waldo, D. (1984) The Administrative State, New York: Holmes and Meier.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Yazarlar

Uğur Ömürgönülşen

M. Kemal Öktem

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2009
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ömürgönülşen, U., & Öktem, M. K. (2009). A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 217-243.
AMA Ömürgönülşen U, Öktem MK. A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. Aralık 2009;27(2):217-243.
Chicago Ömürgönülşen, Uğur, ve M. Kemal Öktem. “A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 27, sy. 2 (Aralık 2009): 217-43.
EndNote Ömürgönülşen U, Öktem MK (01 Aralık 2009) A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 27 2 217–243.
IEEE U. Ömürgönülşen ve M. K. Öktem, “A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, ss. 217–243, 2009.
ISNAD Ömürgönülşen, Uğur - Öktem, M. Kemal. “A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 27/2 (Aralık 2009), 217-243.
JAMA Ömürgönülşen U, Öktem MK. A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;27:217–243.
MLA Ömürgönülşen, Uğur ve M. Kemal Öktem. “A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 217-43.
Vancouver Ömürgönülşen U, Öktem MK. A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE LINK BETWEEN NORMATIVE AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE CASE OF PUBLIC SERVICE ETHICS. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;27(2):217-43.

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