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Occupational Performances and Psychosocial Statuses of Socially Isolated Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 81 - 95, 30.04.2022

Mahmut Yaran Esma Özkan Serkan Pekçetin

Öz

Objectives: Restrictive preventions due to COVID-19 have caused changes in lifestyles. The study aimed to investigate the occupational performances and psychosocial statuses of individuals in social isolation in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: The study included 651 participants. A sociodemographic form, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used for measurement. Occupational performance levels and satisfaction were evaluated out of 10.
Results: The findings indicated that there had been significant changes to participants’ sleep patterns (65.1%), nutritional intake (96.5%), physical activity (89.7%), leisure time (92.8%) and productive activities (77.3%). There was a negative correlation between the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale scores, occupational performance scores and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scores (p<0.001). Also, there was a positive correlation between occupational performance scores and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scores (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people's lives, occupational performance and psychological states.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coranavirus occupational performance anxiety depression social support

Kaynakça

  • Altena, E., Baglioni, C., Espie, C. A., Ellis, J., Gavriloff, D., Holzinger, B., et al. (2020). Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. J Sleep Res, 29:e13052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13052
  • Aydemir, Ö., Guvenir, T., Kuey, L., & Kultur, S. (1997). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 8(4), 280-287.
  • Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019). The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease. Physiol Rev, 99(3), 1325-1380. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2018
  • Cancello, R., Soranna, D., Zambra, G., Zambon, A., & Invitti, C. (2020). Determinants of the lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic in the residents of Northern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(17), 6287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176287
  • Cheval, B., Sivaramakrishnan, H., Maltagliati, S., Fessler, L., Forestier, C., Sarrazin, P., et al. (2020). Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. J Sports Sci, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1841396
  • Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
  • Eker, D., & Arkar, H. (1995). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 45-55.
  • Fardin, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 and Anxiety: A Review of Psychological Impacts of Infectious Disease Outbreaks. Arch Clin Infect Dis, 15(COVID-19), in press. https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid.102779
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G. & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods,39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Feldhacker, D. R., Cerny, S., Brockevelt, B. L., & Lawler, M. J. (2018). Occupations and Well-Being in Children and Youth. In Handbook of Leisure, Physical Activity, Sports, Recreation and Quality of Life (pp. 119-138): Springer.
  • Goodman, W. K., Geiger, A. M., & Wolf, J. M. (2017). Leisure activities are linked to mental health benefits by providing time structure: comparing employed, unemployed and homemakers. J Epidemiol Community Health, 71(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2016-207260
  • Ha, S. K., Lee, H. S., & Park, H. Y. (2021). Convergence Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Occupational performance Area of Adults. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 12(5), 337-344. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2021.12.5.337
  • Heinemann, A. W., Feuerstein, M., Frontera, W. R., Gard, S. A., Kaminsky, L. A., Negrini, S., et al. (2020). Rehabilitation is a global health priority. Can J Occup Ther, 87(2), 89-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008417420907804
  • ILO. (2020, 7 April 2020). ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. Second. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_740877.pdf Imeri, L., & Opp, M. R. (2009). How (and why) the immune system makes us sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci, 10(3), 199-210.
  • Jiménez-Pavón, D., Carbonell-Baeza, A., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. , 63(3), 386–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
  • Li, H., Liu, S.-M., Yu, X.-H., Tang, S.-L., & Tang, C.-K. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspective. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55 (5), 105951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951
  • Lippi, G., Henry, B. M., Bovo, C., & Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020). Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Diagnosis (Berl), 7(2): 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2020-0041
  • Lippi, G., Henry, B. M., & Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020). Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Prev Cardiol, 27 (9); 906-08. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320916823
  • Maugeri, G., Castrogiovanni, P., Battaglia, G., Pippi, R., D'Agata, V., Palma, A., et al. (2020). The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon, 6(6), e04315. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04315
  • Moynihan, A. B., Van Tilburg, W. A., Igou, E. R., Wisman, A., Donnelly, A. E., & Mulcaire, J. B. (2015). Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self. Front Psychol, 6, 369. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00369
  • Muscogiuri, G., Barrea, L., Savastano, S., & Colao, A. (2020). Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-2.
  • Newman, D. B., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(3), 555-578.
  • Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Braz. J. Psychiatry. 42 (3) https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
  • Ransing, R., Adiukwu, F., Pereira-Sanchez, V., Ramalho, R., Orsolini, L., Teixeira, A. L. S., et al. (2020). Early career psychiatrists’ perspectives on the mental health impact and care of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Asian J Psychiatr, 102085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102085
  • Romero-Blanco, C., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Onieva-Zafra, M. D., Parra-Fernández, M. L., Prado-Laguna, M. D. C., & Hernández-Martínez, A. (2020). Physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in university students: Changes during confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(18), 6567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186567
  • Rössler, W. (2016). Nutrition, sleep, physical exercise: Impact on mental health. Eur Psychiatry, 33, S12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.804
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 74(4), 281-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
  • Sim, M. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: major risks to healthcare and other workers on the front line. Occup Environ Med, 77, 281-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106567
  • Singh, A., Shaikh, A., Singh, R., & Singh, A. K. (2020). COVID-19: From bench to bed side. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 14, 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.011
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in china. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 51. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10
  • Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020a). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit, 26, e923549-923541. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020b). Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit, 26, e923921-923921. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923921
  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess, 52(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2

COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Sosyal Olarak İzole Edilmiş Bireylerin Okupasyonel Performansları ve Psikososyal Durumları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 81 - 95, 30.04.2022

Mahmut Yaran Esma Özkan Serkan Pekçetin

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19 nedeniyle alınan kısıtlayıcı önlemler yaşam tarzlarında değişikliklere neden oldu. Çalışma, Türkiye'de COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sosyal izolasyonda olan bireylerin okupasyonel performanslarını ve psikososyal durumlarını araştırmayı amaçladı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 651 katılımcı dahil edildi. Değerlendirme için sosyodemografik bilgi form, Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği kullanıldı. Okupasyonel performans düzeyleri ve memnuniyetleri 10 üzerinden değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların uyku düzenlerinde (%65.1), besin alımında (%96.5), fiziksel aktivitede (%89.7), serbest zaman aktivitelerinde (%92.8) ve üretkenlik aktivitelerinde (%77.3) önemli değişiklikler olduğunu göstermiştir. Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği puanları, okupasyonel performans puanları ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği puanları arasında negatif korelasyon vardı (p<0,001). Ayrıca okupasyonel performans puanları ile Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği puanları arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardı (p<0,001).
Sonuç: COVID-19 salgını insanların yaşamlarını, okupasyonel performansını ve psikolojik durumlarını etkilemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

koronavirüs okupasyonel perfromans anksiyete depresyon sosyal destek

Kaynakça

  • Altena, E., Baglioni, C., Espie, C. A., Ellis, J., Gavriloff, D., Holzinger, B., et al. (2020). Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. J Sleep Res, 29:e13052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13052
  • Aydemir, Ö., Guvenir, T., Kuey, L., & Kultur, S. (1997). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 8(4), 280-287.
  • Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019). The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease. Physiol Rev, 99(3), 1325-1380. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2018
  • Cancello, R., Soranna, D., Zambra, G., Zambon, A., & Invitti, C. (2020). Determinants of the lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic in the residents of Northern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(17), 6287. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176287
  • Cheval, B., Sivaramakrishnan, H., Maltagliati, S., Fessler, L., Forestier, C., Sarrazin, P., et al. (2020). Relationships between changes in self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour and health during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in France and Switzerland. J Sports Sci, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1841396
  • Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
  • Eker, D., & Arkar, H. (1995). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 45-55.
  • Fardin, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 and Anxiety: A Review of Psychological Impacts of Infectious Disease Outbreaks. Arch Clin Infect Dis, 15(COVID-19), in press. https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid.102779
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G. & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods,39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  • Feldhacker, D. R., Cerny, S., Brockevelt, B. L., & Lawler, M. J. (2018). Occupations and Well-Being in Children and Youth. In Handbook of Leisure, Physical Activity, Sports, Recreation and Quality of Life (pp. 119-138): Springer.
  • Goodman, W. K., Geiger, A. M., & Wolf, J. M. (2017). Leisure activities are linked to mental health benefits by providing time structure: comparing employed, unemployed and homemakers. J Epidemiol Community Health, 71(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2016-207260
  • Ha, S. K., Lee, H. S., & Park, H. Y. (2021). Convergence Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Occupational performance Area of Adults. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 12(5), 337-344. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2021.12.5.337
  • Heinemann, A. W., Feuerstein, M., Frontera, W. R., Gard, S. A., Kaminsky, L. A., Negrini, S., et al. (2020). Rehabilitation is a global health priority. Can J Occup Ther, 87(2), 89-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008417420907804
  • ILO. (2020, 7 April 2020). ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work. Second. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_740877.pdf Imeri, L., & Opp, M. R. (2009). How (and why) the immune system makes us sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci, 10(3), 199-210.
  • Jiménez-Pavón, D., Carbonell-Baeza, A., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Physical exercise as therapy to fight against the mental and physical consequences of COVID-19 quarantine: Special focus in older people. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. , 63(3), 386–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.03.009
  • Li, H., Liu, S.-M., Yu, X.-H., Tang, S.-L., & Tang, C.-K. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspective. Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55 (5), 105951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105951
  • Lippi, G., Henry, B. M., Bovo, C., & Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020). Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Diagnosis (Berl), 7(2): 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2020-0041
  • Lippi, G., Henry, B. M., & Sanchis-Gomar, F. (2020). Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Prev Cardiol, 27 (9); 906-08. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320916823
  • Maugeri, G., Castrogiovanni, P., Battaglia, G., Pippi, R., D'Agata, V., Palma, A., et al. (2020). The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon, 6(6), e04315. . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04315
  • Moynihan, A. B., Van Tilburg, W. A., Igou, E. R., Wisman, A., Donnelly, A. E., & Mulcaire, J. B. (2015). Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self. Front Psychol, 6, 369. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00369
  • Muscogiuri, G., Barrea, L., Savastano, S., & Colao, A. (2020). Nutritional recommendations for CoVID-19 quarantine. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-2.
  • Newman, D. B., Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2014). Leisure and subjective well-being: A model of psychological mechanisms as mediating factors. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(3), 555-578.
  • Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Braz. J. Psychiatry. 42 (3) https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
  • Ransing, R., Adiukwu, F., Pereira-Sanchez, V., Ramalho, R., Orsolini, L., Teixeira, A. L. S., et al. (2020). Early career psychiatrists’ perspectives on the mental health impact and care of the COVID-19 pandemic across the world. Asian J Psychiatr, 102085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102085
  • Romero-Blanco, C., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Onieva-Zafra, M. D., Parra-Fernández, M. L., Prado-Laguna, M. D. C., & Hernández-Martínez, A. (2020). Physical activity and sedentary lifestyle in university students: Changes during confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(18), 6567. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186567
  • Rössler, W. (2016). Nutrition, sleep, physical exercise: Impact on mental health. Eur Psychiatry, 33, S12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.804
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 74(4), 281-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
  • Sim, M. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: major risks to healthcare and other workers on the front line. Occup Environ Med, 77, 281-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106567
  • Singh, A., Shaikh, A., Singh, R., & Singh, A. K. (2020). COVID-19: From bench to bed side. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 14, 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.011
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in china. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 51. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10
  • Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020a). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit, 26, e923549-923541. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020b). Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit, 26, e923921-923921. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923921
  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess, 52(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mahmut Yaran 0000-0002-1703-590X

Esma Özkan 0000-0001-6857-4084

Serkan Pekçetin 0000-0001-5110-633X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Ocak 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaran, M., Özkan, E., & Pekçetin, S. (2022). Occupational Performances and Psychosocial Statuses of Socially Isolated Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 9(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1002167