Evaluation of Applications to an Alcohol and Substance Dependence Research, Treatment and Training Centre (AMATEM): Data from Adiyaman Province in 2017

Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez; Mehmet Hamdi Örüm; Mahmut Zabit Kara

doi:10.31067/acusaglik.847468

Araştırma Makalesi

Bir Alkol ve Madde Bağımlılığı Tedavi ve Eğitim Merkezi (AMATEM)’ne Yapılan Başvuruların Değerlendirilmesi: 2017 Yılı Adıyaman İli Verileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 266 - 271, 01.04.2021

Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez Mehmet Hamdi Örüm Mahmut Zabit Kara

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.847468

Öz

Giriş: Madde kullanım bozuklukları (MKB) yirmi birinci yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinin sonlarına gelirken tüm dünyayı ilgilendiren bir sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Ülkemizde MKB tedavisinde en önde gelen merkezler Alkol-Madde Bağımlılığı Araştırma Tedavi ve Eğitim Merkezleri (AMATEM)’dir. Biz bu çalışmada ilimizdeki tek AMATEM polikliniğine ait 2017 yılı verilerini incelemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 1 Ocak 2017-31 Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasındaki AMATEM başvurularının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi şeklinde gerçekleştirildi. Başvurulara ait cinsiyet, yaş ve madde kullanım özellikleri gibi bilgilere hasta kayıt sisteminden ulaşıldı.
Bulgular: Toplamda 211 başvuruya ulaşıldı. Başvuruların erkek oranı %95.7, kadın oranı %4.3, ortalama yaş 26.09±7.87 yıldı. Alkol kullanım bozukluğu başvurularında ortalama yaş diğer tanılara göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Hastaların %86.4’ü 20-29 yaş aralığındaydı. Başvuruların %80.1’inin tanısı opiyat kullanım bozukluğu (OPKB)’ydı. Mükerrer başvurular OPKB’de diğer başvurulara göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti. OPKB’de buprenorfin+naloksan reçetelenme oranı %73.4’ydı. İdrarda toksik taramada en fazla buprenorfin, buprenorfin+opiyat ve opiyat pozitifliği saptandı. OPKB’de idrarda toksik taramada madde pozitifliği opiyat dışı madde kullanımlarına göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti.
Sonuçlar: Bu çalışma, ilimizde opiyat kullanımının ciddi bir sorun olduğunu göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Aynı zamanda, bildiğimiz kadarıyla ilimizde AMATEM polikliniği verilerini inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Bu alanda daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Madde kullanım bozukluğu, opiyat, eroin, AMATEM, epidemiyoloji

Kaynakça

1. Hu Y, Salmeron BJ, Krasnova IN, Gu H, Lu H, Bonci A, et al. Compulsive drug use is associated with imbalance of orbitofrontal- and prelimbic-striatal circuits in punishment-resistant individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019;116(18):9066-71.
2. Egilmez OB, Örüm MH, Kara MZ. Adıyaman ili AMATEM verilerinin geriye dönük olarak incelenmesi: 2018 yılı verileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi – Journal of Dependence 2019;20(2):88-96.
3. Egilmez OB, Örüm MH, Dumlupınar E, Egeli A. Denetimli serbestlik uygulaması kapsamında yapılan başvuruların geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmesi: 2018 yılı verileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi – Journal of Dependence 2019;20(2):80-7.
4. Örüm MH, Kara MZ, Kuştepe A, Kalenderoğlu A. Bilişsel hatalar ve dikkat-eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu belirtilerinin madde kullanım özellikleri ile ilişkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi–Journal of Dependence 2019;20(2):47-60.
5. Ozen ME, Kalenderoglu A, Orum MH, Egilmez OB. Topiramate add-on for treatment of migraine-type headache cures alcohol dependence: A case report. Journal of Mood Disorders (JMOOD) 2017;7(4):241-2.
6. Koob GF Antireward, compulsivity, and addiction: seminal contributions of Dr. Athina Markou to motivational dysregulation in addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017;234:1315-32.
7. Koob GF. Addiction is a reward deficit and stress surfeit disorder. Front Psychiatry, 2013;4:72.
8. Liu JF, Li JX. Drug addiction: a curable mental disorder? Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2018;39(12):1823-9.
9. Orum MH, Kustepe A, Kara MZ, Dumlupinar E, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, et al. Addiction profiles of patients with substance dependency living in Adiyaman province. Med Science 2018;7(2):369-72.
10. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB, Kalenderoğlu A. Complete blood count alterations due to the opioid use: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios, especially in monocyte to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio?, J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018;14:1-12.
11. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB. Relationship between immune cells and alcohol dependents and controls: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios? J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2018;39(3):348-50.
12. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, Kalendeoğlu A. Evaluation of probation implementations of drug users in Adiyaman university training and research hospital: A one-year retrospective study. Med Science 2018;7(4):754-8.
13. Ozen ME, Orum MH, Kalenderoglu A, Atmaca M. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in patients attending remedial treatment due to substance use disorder in Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 2018;8(2):57-62.
14. Kustepe A, Kalenderoglu A, Celik M, Kaya-Bozkurt E, Orum MH, Uguz S. Evaluation of impulsivity and complex attention functions of subjects with substance use: Sample from Adiyaman province. Med Science 2019;8(1):67-71.
15. Özen ME, Örüm MH, Kalenderoğlu A. Hot shower therapy in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A case report. FNG & Bilim Tıp Dergisi 2018;4(3):142-4.
16. Kmiec J, Suffoletto B. Implementations of a text-message intervention to increase linkage from the emergency department to outpatient treatment for substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019;100:39-44.
17. Wilcox CE, Abbott CC, Calhoun VD. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in substance use disorders and treatment implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019;91:79-93.
18. Arterberry BJ, Treloar Padovano H, Foster KT, Zucker RA, Hicks BM. Higher average potency across the United States is associated with progression to first cannabis use disorder symptom. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019;195:186-92.
19. Wood E, Samet JH, Volkow ND. Physician education in addiction medicine. JAMA 2013;310(16):1673-4.
20. Evans EA, Zhu Y, Yoo C, Huang D, Hser YI. Criminal justice outcomes over 5 years after randomization to buprenorphine-naloxone or methadone treatment for opioid use disorder. Addiction 2019. Doi: 10.1111/add.14620.
21. Turan R, Yargic I. The relationship between substance abuse treatment completion, sociodemographics, substance use characteristics, and criminal history. Substance Abuse 2012;33(2):92-8.
22. Asan Ö, Tıkır B, Okay İT, Göka E. Bir AMATEM birimine başvuran alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluğu olan hastaların sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2015;16(1):1-8.
23. Gokcearslan E, Ozgur O, Akgun R. Social service need for the treatment of alcohol and substance addiction “AMATEM CASE”. International J Acad Res 2011;3(2):258-64.
24. Savaşan A, Engin E, Ayakdası D. Bir amatem kliniğinden taburcu olan bağımlı hastaların yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve nüks durumları. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi 2013;4(2):75-9.
25. Karaagac H, Esenkaya-Usta Z, Usta A, Gümüş-Yarmali M, Godekmerdan A. Retrospective analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of inpatients at Kayseri Research and Training Hospital AMATEM Clinic. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2017;30:251-7.
26. Bulut M, Savaş HA, Cansel N, Selek S, Kap Ö, Yumru M, et al. Gaziantep Üniversitesi alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları birimine başvuran hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2006;7:65-70.
27. Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2018.
28. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
29. McHugh RK, Votaw VR, Sugarman DE, Greenfield SF. Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2018;66:12-23.
30. Cheng HG, Kaakarli H, Breslau J, Anthony JC. Assessing changes in alcohol use and alcohol use disorder prevalence in the United States: Evidence from national surveys from 2002 through 2014. JAMA Psychiatry 2018;75(2):211-213.
31. Dilbaz N. Opiat bağımlılığı. (içinde) Madde Bağımlılığı Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu El Kitabı. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, 2012. Erişim: http://www.hasta.saglik.gov.tr/files/madde_kitabi. pdf_1124638346.pdf, 03.05.2015.
32. Deligianni E, Corkery JM, Schifano F, Lione LA. An international survey on the awareness, use, preference, and health perception of novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Hum Psychopharmacol 2017. Doi: 10.1002/hup.2581.
33. Rychert M, Wilkins C, Parker K, Witten K. Are government-approved products containing new psychoactive substances perceived to be safer and more socially acceptable than alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs? Findings from a survey of police arrestees in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37(3):406-13.
34. Wilkins C, Parker K, Prasad J, Jawalkar S. Do police arrestees substitute legal highs for other drugs. Int J Drug Policy 2016;31:74-9.
35. Lee JD, Nunes EV.Jr, Novo P, Bachrach K, Bailey GL, Bhatt S, et al. Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;391(10118):309-18.
36. Smith KE, Bunting AM, Walker R, Hall MT, Grundmann O, Castillo O. Non-prescribed buprenorphine use mediates the relationship between heroin use and kratom use among a sample of polysubstance users. J Psychoactive Drugs 2019;1-12.
37. Wang X, Jiang H, Zhao M, Li J, Gray F, Sheng L, et al. Treatment of opioid dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets: A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2019;11(1):e12344.
38. Jackson PR. A transgenerational perspective on prevention and treatment of adolescent substance use disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019. Doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0174.
39. Kotlaja MM, Carson JV. Cannabis prevalence and national drug policy in 27 countries: An analysis of adolescent substance use. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019;63(7):1082-99.
40. Lee TK, Estrada Y, Soares MH, Sánchez Ahumada M, Correa Molina M, Bahamon MM, et al. Efficacy of a family-based intervention on parent-adolescent discrepancies in positive parenting and substance use among hispanic youth. J Adolesc Health 2019;64(4):494-501.

Evaluation of Applications to an Alcohol and Substance Dependence Research, Treatment and Training Centre (AMATEM): Data from Adiyaman Province in 2017

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 266 - 271, 01.04.2021

Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez Mehmet Hamdi Örüm Mahmut Zabit Kara

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.847468

Öz

Objective: Substance use disorder (SUD) continue to be a problem for the whole world in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. The leading centres in the treatment of SUD in our country are the Alcohol-Drug Addiction Research Treatment and Training Centres (AMATEM). In this study, we aimed to examine 2017 data of the AMATEM outpatients in our province.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective study of AMATEM applications between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. Information such as gender, age and substance use characteristics of the applications were obtained from the patient recording system.
Results: A total of 211 applications were reached. The rate of men was 95.7%, female rate was 4.3%, and the mean age was 26.09±7.87 years. The mean age was significantly higher in patients with alcohol use disorder than in the other diagnoses. 86.4% of the patients were in the 20-29 age range. 80.1% of the patients were diagnosed with opiate use disorder (OUD). The repeated applications were significantly higher in OUD than in other applicants. The rate of prescribing of buprenorphine+naloxane in OUD was 73.4%. Buprenorphine, buprenorphine+opiate and opiate positivity was higher than other parameters in urine toxic screening. In OUD, substance positivity in urine was significantly higher in non-opiates than in non-opiates.
Conclusion: This study is important in terms of revealing that opiate use is a serious problem in our province. At the same time, as far as we know, it is the first study of AMATEM outpatient data in our province. Further studies are needed in this field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Substance use disorder, opiates, heroin, AMATEM, epidemiology

Kaynakça

1. Hu Y, Salmeron BJ, Krasnova IN, Gu H, Lu H, Bonci A, et al. Compulsive drug use is associated with imbalance of orbitofrontal- and prelimbic-striatal circuits in punishment-resistant individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019;116(18):9066-71.
2. Egilmez OB, Örüm MH, Kara MZ. Adıyaman ili AMATEM verilerinin geriye dönük olarak incelenmesi: 2018 yılı verileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi – Journal of Dependence 2019;20(2):88-96.
3. Egilmez OB, Örüm MH, Dumlupınar E, Egeli A. Denetimli serbestlik uygulaması kapsamında yapılan başvuruların geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmesi: 2018 yılı verileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi – Journal of Dependence 2019;20(2):80-7.
4. Örüm MH, Kara MZ, Kuştepe A, Kalenderoğlu A. Bilişsel hatalar ve dikkat-eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu belirtilerinin madde kullanım özellikleri ile ilişkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi–Journal of Dependence 2019;20(2):47-60.
5. Ozen ME, Kalenderoglu A, Orum MH, Egilmez OB. Topiramate add-on for treatment of migraine-type headache cures alcohol dependence: A case report. Journal of Mood Disorders (JMOOD) 2017;7(4):241-2.
6. Koob GF Antireward, compulsivity, and addiction: seminal contributions of Dr. Athina Markou to motivational dysregulation in addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017;234:1315-32.
7. Koob GF. Addiction is a reward deficit and stress surfeit disorder. Front Psychiatry, 2013;4:72.
8. Liu JF, Li JX. Drug addiction: a curable mental disorder? Acta Pharmacol Sin, 2018;39(12):1823-9.
9. Orum MH, Kustepe A, Kara MZ, Dumlupinar E, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, et al. Addiction profiles of patients with substance dependency living in Adiyaman province. Med Science 2018;7(2):369-72.
10. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB, Kalenderoğlu A. Complete blood count alterations due to the opioid use: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios, especially in monocyte to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio?, J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018;14:1-12.
11. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB. Relationship between immune cells and alcohol dependents and controls: what about the lymphocyte-related ratios? J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2018;39(3):348-50.
12. Orum MH, Kara MZ, Egilmez OB, Ozen ME, Kalendeoğlu A. Evaluation of probation implementations of drug users in Adiyaman university training and research hospital: A one-year retrospective study. Med Science 2018;7(4):754-8.
13. Ozen ME, Orum MH, Kalenderoglu A, Atmaca M. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in patients attending remedial treatment due to substance use disorder in Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences 2018;8(2):57-62.
14. Kustepe A, Kalenderoglu A, Celik M, Kaya-Bozkurt E, Orum MH, Uguz S. Evaluation of impulsivity and complex attention functions of subjects with substance use: Sample from Adiyaman province. Med Science 2019;8(1):67-71.
15. Özen ME, Örüm MH, Kalenderoğlu A. Hot shower therapy in cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A case report. FNG & Bilim Tıp Dergisi 2018;4(3):142-4.
16. Kmiec J, Suffoletto B. Implementations of a text-message intervention to increase linkage from the emergency department to outpatient treatment for substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019;100:39-44.
17. Wilcox CE, Abbott CC, Calhoun VD. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in substance use disorders and treatment implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019;91:79-93.
18. Arterberry BJ, Treloar Padovano H, Foster KT, Zucker RA, Hicks BM. Higher average potency across the United States is associated with progression to first cannabis use disorder symptom. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019;195:186-92.
19. Wood E, Samet JH, Volkow ND. Physician education in addiction medicine. JAMA 2013;310(16):1673-4.
20. Evans EA, Zhu Y, Yoo C, Huang D, Hser YI. Criminal justice outcomes over 5 years after randomization to buprenorphine-naloxone or methadone treatment for opioid use disorder. Addiction 2019. Doi: 10.1111/add.14620.
21. Turan R, Yargic I. The relationship between substance abuse treatment completion, sociodemographics, substance use characteristics, and criminal history. Substance Abuse 2012;33(2):92-8.
22. Asan Ö, Tıkır B, Okay İT, Göka E. Bir AMATEM birimine başvuran alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluğu olan hastaların sosyodemografik ve klinik özellikleri. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2015;16(1):1-8.
23. Gokcearslan E, Ozgur O, Akgun R. Social service need for the treatment of alcohol and substance addiction “AMATEM CASE”. International J Acad Res 2011;3(2):258-64.
24. Savaşan A, Engin E, Ayakdası D. Bir amatem kliniğinden taburcu olan bağımlı hastaların yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve nüks durumları. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi 2013;4(2):75-9.
25. Karaagac H, Esenkaya-Usta Z, Usta A, Gümüş-Yarmali M, Godekmerdan A. Retrospective analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of inpatients at Kayseri Research and Training Hospital AMATEM Clinic. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences 2017;30:251-7.
26. Bulut M, Savaş HA, Cansel N, Selek S, Kap Ö, Yumru M, et al. Gaziantep Üniversitesi alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları birimine başvuran hastaların sosyodemografik özellikleri. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2006;7:65-70.
27. Türkiye Uyuşturucu Raporu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü Narkotik Suçlarla Mücadele Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, 2018.
28. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
29. McHugh RK, Votaw VR, Sugarman DE, Greenfield SF. Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders. Clin Psychol Rev 2018;66:12-23.
30. Cheng HG, Kaakarli H, Breslau J, Anthony JC. Assessing changes in alcohol use and alcohol use disorder prevalence in the United States: Evidence from national surveys from 2002 through 2014. JAMA Psychiatry 2018;75(2):211-213.
31. Dilbaz N. Opiat bağımlılığı. (içinde) Madde Bağımlılığı Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu El Kitabı. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayını, 2012. Erişim: http://www.hasta.saglik.gov.tr/files/madde_kitabi. pdf_1124638346.pdf, 03.05.2015.
32. Deligianni E, Corkery JM, Schifano F, Lione LA. An international survey on the awareness, use, preference, and health perception of novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Hum Psychopharmacol 2017. Doi: 10.1002/hup.2581.
33. Rychert M, Wilkins C, Parker K, Witten K. Are government-approved products containing new psychoactive substances perceived to be safer and more socially acceptable than alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs? Findings from a survey of police arrestees in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37(3):406-13.
34. Wilkins C, Parker K, Prasad J, Jawalkar S. Do police arrestees substitute legal highs for other drugs. Int J Drug Policy 2016;31:74-9.
35. Lee JD, Nunes EV.Jr, Novo P, Bachrach K, Bailey GL, Bhatt S, et al. Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;391(10118):309-18.
36. Smith KE, Bunting AM, Walker R, Hall MT, Grundmann O, Castillo O. Non-prescribed buprenorphine use mediates the relationship between heroin use and kratom use among a sample of polysubstance users. J Psychoactive Drugs 2019;1-12.
37. Wang X, Jiang H, Zhao M, Li J, Gray F, Sheng L, et al. Treatment of opioid dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets: A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2019;11(1):e12344.
38. Jackson PR. A transgenerational perspective on prevention and treatment of adolescent substance use disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019. Doi: 10.1089/cap.2018.0174.
39. Kotlaja MM, Carson JV. Cannabis prevalence and national drug policy in 27 countries: An analysis of adolescent substance use. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019;63(7):1082-99.
40. Lee TK, Estrada Y, Soares MH, Sánchez Ahumada M, Correa Molina M, Bahamon MM, et al. Efficacy of a family-based intervention on parent-adolescent discrepancies in positive parenting and substance use among hispanic youth. J Adolesc Health 2019;64(4):494-501.

Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Psikiyatri
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Oğuzhan Bekir Eğilmez Mehmet Hamdi Örüm Mahmut Zabit Kara
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi	20 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

EndNote	Eğilmez OB, Örüm MH, Kara MZ (01 Nisan 2021) Evaluation of Applications to an Alcohol and Substance Dependence Research, Treatment and Training Centre (AMATEM): Data from Adiyaman Province in 2017. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 2 266–271.

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