Hemşire-Ebeveyn Desteğinin Çocuk Kliniğinde Yatan Çocukların Ebeveynlerinin Stres Düzeylerine Etkisi
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma, hemşire-ebeveyn desteğinin çocuk kliniklerinde yatan çocuk hastaların ebeveynlerinin stresine etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı, ilişkisel ve kesitsel tasarımda bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, bir üniversite hastanesinin çocuk kliniklerinde Mart 2018 – Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında, çocukları 3 günden uzun süredir akut veya kronik hastalık nedeniyle yatarak izlenen, bilgilendirilmiş yazılı onam alınan ebeveynler oluşturmuştur (n=178). Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, sosyo-demografik veri toplama formu, Hemşire-Ebeveyn Desteği Ölçeği ve Anne-Baba Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hastanede yatan çocuklarının yaş ortalaması 6.2±5.3 olup, %61.8’i erkek, %69.7’si akut bir hastalık nedeniyle izlenmektedir. Ebeveynlerin yaş ortalaması 34.1±7.3 olup, %83.7’si annedir. Ebeveynlerin Hemşire-Ebeveyn Desteği Ölçeği puan ortalaması 80.8±17.4 olup, Anne-Baba Stres Ölçeği puan ortalaması 80.0±23.7’dır. Ebeveynlerin stres düzeyleri ile hemşire-ebeveyn desteği düzeyleri arasında negatif yönde düşük düzeyde bir ilişki, stres düzeyleri ile hemşire ebeveyn destek ölçeğinin bilgi verme ve iletişim alt boyutu ile negatif yönde düşük düzeyde bir ilişki, duygusal destek alt boyutu, saygı desteği alt boyutu, kaliteli bakım verme alt boyutu ile negatif yönde çok düşük düzeyde ilişki saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin, destek düzeylerinin yüksek, stres düzeylerinin ise orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Hemşire-ebeveyn desteği azaldıkça stres düzeyinin arttığı saptanmıştır. Pediatri hemşirelerinin ebeveynlere verdiği desteğin, ebeveynlerin stresini azaltacağı, ebeveyn-çocuk etkileşimini olumlu etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir. Destekleyici hemşirelik bakımını geliştirmeye yönelik araştırmaların planlanması, pediatri hemşirelerinin farkındalıklarının arttırılması önerilmektedir.
Kaynakça
- 1. Doupnik SK, Hill D, Palakshappa D, Worsley D, Bae H, Shaik A, et al. Parent Coping Support Interventions During Acute Pediatric Hospitalizations: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics. 2017;140(3):e20164171.
- 2. Yiğit R, Akdeniz Uysal D, Alıcı D, Binay Ş, Esenay F. Turkish adaptation of the nurse parent support tool. Inernational Ref J Nurs Res. 2017;(9):1–16.
- 3. Karataş P, Çalışır H. The Atraumatic Care Approach in Pediatric Nursing: Non-Pharmacological Applications in Reducing Pain, Stress, and Anxiety. J Educ Res Nurs. 2019;16(3):234–45.
- 4. Mok E, Leung SF. Nurses as providers of support for mothers of premature infants. J Clin Nurs. 2006;15(6):726–34.
- 5. Miles MS, Carlson J, Brunssen S. The Nurse Parent Support Tool. J Pediatr Nurs. 1999;14(1):44–50.
- 6. Shimizu A, Mori A. Maternal perceptions of family-centered support and their associations with the mother-nurse relationship in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs. 2017; 27(7-8):e1589-e1599.
- 7. Melnyk BM, Alpert-Gillis L, Feinstein NF, Crean HF, Johnson J, Fairbanks E, et al. Creating opportunities for parent empowerment: program effects on the mental health/coping outcomes of critically ill young children and their mothers. Pediatrics. 2004;113(6):e597-607.
- 8. Stafford L, Sinclair M, Turner J, Newman L, Wakefield C, Krishnasamy M, et al. Study protocol for Enhancing Parenting In Cancer (EPIC): development and evaluation of a brief psycho-educational intervention to support parents with cancer who have young children. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2017;3(1):72.
- 9. Whittemore R, Zincavage RM, Jaser SS, Grey M, Coleman JL, Collett D, et al. Development of an eHealth Program for Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2017;014572171774860.
- 10. Abidin R. Parenting Stress Index. 4th edition. 2012 [cited 2018 Jan 11]. Available from: http://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/parenting-stress.aspx
- 11. Çekiç A, Hamamci Z. Anne-Baba Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2018;19(1):63–70.
- 12. Da Silva FM, Jacob E, Nascimento LC. Impact of Childhood Cancer on Parents’ Relationships: An Integrative Review. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2010;42(3):250–61.
- 13. Turan T, Başkale H, Öncel G. Determining the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Nurse-Parent Support Tool and the Stress Levels of Parents of Premature Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Clin Nurse Spec. 2016;30(3):E1–10.
- 14. Barroso NE, Hungerford GM, Garcia D, Graziano PA, Bagner DM. Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in a high-risk sample of mothers and their infants. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(10):1331–5.
- 15. Pridham KF, Harrison TM, Brown R, Mussatto K. Collaborative caregiving of parents who have an infant with congenital heart disease. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2019;e12283.
- 16. Walker-Vischer L, Hill C, Mendez SS. The experience of latino parents of hospitalized children during family-centered rounds. J Nurs Adm. 2015;45(3):152–7.
- 17. Boztepe H, Çavuşoğlu H. Bir Üniversite Hastanesindeki Uygulamaların Aile Merkezli Bakım Yönünden İncelenmesi. Sağlık Bilim Fakültesi Hemşirelik Derg. 2009;11–24.
- 18. Tosun A, Tüfekci FG. Çocuk Kliniklerinde Aile Merkezli Bakım Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2015;18(2):131–9.
- 19. Sanjari M, Shirazi F, Heidari S, Salemi S, Rahmani M, Shoghi M. Nursing Support for Parents of Hospitalized Children. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2009;32(3):120–30.
- 20. Monteiro HM, Shetty AP, Bagali PV. Fears of school-age children and parental perceptions of nursing support during hospitalization in a selected pediatric hospital, Mangalore. Muller J Med Sci Res. 2014;5(2):139.
- 21. Aftyka A, Rozalska-Walaszek I, Wróbel A, Bednarek A, Dąbek K, Zarzycka D. Support provided by nurses to parents of hospitalized children - cultural adaptation and validation of Nurse Parent Support Tool and initial research results. Scand J Caring Sci. 2017;31(4):1012–21.
- 22. Pourmovahed Z, Roozbeh B. Nursing Support System for Mothers of Hospitalized Leukemic Children: A Comparative Study. Iran J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2016;6(4):235–43.
- 23. Franck LS, Axelin A. Differences in parents’, nurses’ and physicians’ views of NICU parent support. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102(6):590–6.
- 24. Tandberg BS, Sandtrø HP, Vårdal M, Rønnestad A. Parents of preterm evaluation of stress and nursing support. J Neonatal Nurs. 2013;19(6):317–26.
- 25. van Grieken A, Horrevorts EMB, Mieloo CL, Bannink R, Bouwmeester-Landweer MBR, Groen EH De, et al. A controlled trial in community pediatrics to empower parents who are at risk for parenting stress: The supportive parenting intervention. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22).
- 26. Jones J, Greene A, Krishna S, Nowacki A, Traul C, Goldfarb J. Investigating Parent Needs, Participation, and Stress in the Children’s Hospital. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1):415–415.
- 27. Raju J, Chithra R, Suguna M, Madani AH. Assess the Level of Stress among Mothers of Hospitalized Children: A Challenge for Quality Nursing Care. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2019;9(3):153–8.
- 28. Tehrani TH, Haghighi M, Bazmamoun H. Effects of stress on mothers of hospitalized children in a hospital in Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. 2012;6(4):39–45.
- 29. Wray J, Lee K, Dearmun N, Franck L. Parental anxiety and stress during children’s hospitalisation: The StayClose study. J Child Heal Care. 2011;15(3):163–74.
- 30. Duffy LV, Vessey JA. A randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the creating opportunities for parent empowerment program for parents of children with epilepsy and other chronic neurological conditions. J Neurosci Nurs. 2016;48(3):166–74.
- 31. Gill F, Pascoe E, Monterosso L, Young J, Burr C, Tanner A, et al. Parent and staff perceptions of family-centred care in two Australian children’s hospitals. Eur J Pers Centered Healthc. 2013;1(2):317.
- 32. Tsitsi T, Charalambous A, Papastavrou E, Raftopoulos V. Effectiveness of a relaxation intervention (progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery techniques) to reduce anxiety and improve mood of parents of hospitalized children with malignancies: A randomized controlled trial in Republic of Cyprus and Gree. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;26:9–18.
- 33. Akkoyun S, Tas Arslan F. Investigation of stress and nursing support in mothers of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units. Scand J Caring Sci. 2019;33(2):351–8.
- 34. Turan T, Başbakkal Z, Özbek Ş. Effect of nursing interventions on stressors of parents of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(21):2856–66.
The Effect of Nurse-Parental Support on Parents’ Stress Levels of Hospitalized Children in Pediatric Clinics
Öz
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nurse-parental support on parents’ stress levels of hospitalized children in pediatric clinics.
Method: This study is descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional design. The Ethics committee and institution permission was obtained. The sample of the study consisted of parents between March 2018 - March 2019 in pediatric clinics of a university hospital, had hospitalized children for more than 3 days with acute or chronic illness and informed written consent obtained (n = 178). Socio-demographic data collection form, Nurse-Parent Support Scale and Parent Stress Scale Short Form were used to collect the research data. The author permission to use the scales was obtained.
Results: The mean age of the hospitalized children of the was 6.2 ± 5.3 and 61.8% were male and 69.7% were followed for an acute illness. The mean age of the parents was 34.1 ± 7.3 and 83.7% were mothers. The mean score of the Parents' Nurse-Parental Support Scale was 80.8 ± 17.4 and the mean score of the Parents Stress Scale was 80.0 ± 23.7. A negatively weak level of relationship between parents' stress levels and nurse-parental support levels, a negative weak correlation between stress levels and information and communication sub-dimension of the nurse-parental support scale, "emotional support" subscale, "respecting" subscale and "quality of care provided to the child" subscale a very weak negative correlation was found.
Conclusion: It was observed that the support levels of the parents were high and the stress levels were moderate. It was found that the level of stress increased as the nurse-parent support decreased. It is thought that the support provided by pediatric nurses to the parents will reduce the stress of the parents and affect the parent-child interaction positively. It is recommended to plan research to improve supportive nursing care and to raise awareness of pediatric nurses.
Kaynakça
- 1. Doupnik SK, Hill D, Palakshappa D, Worsley D, Bae H, Shaik A, et al. Parent Coping Support Interventions During Acute Pediatric Hospitalizations: A Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics. 2017;140(3):e20164171.
- 2. Yiğit R, Akdeniz Uysal D, Alıcı D, Binay Ş, Esenay F. Turkish adaptation of the nurse parent support tool. Inernational Ref J Nurs Res. 2017;(9):1–16.
- 3. Karataş P, Çalışır H. The Atraumatic Care Approach in Pediatric Nursing: Non-Pharmacological Applications in Reducing Pain, Stress, and Anxiety. J Educ Res Nurs. 2019;16(3):234–45.
- 4. Mok E, Leung SF. Nurses as providers of support for mothers of premature infants. J Clin Nurs. 2006;15(6):726–34.
- 5. Miles MS, Carlson J, Brunssen S. The Nurse Parent Support Tool. J Pediatr Nurs. 1999;14(1):44–50.
- 6. Shimizu A, Mori A. Maternal perceptions of family-centered support and their associations with the mother-nurse relationship in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs. 2017; 27(7-8):e1589-e1599.
- 7. Melnyk BM, Alpert-Gillis L, Feinstein NF, Crean HF, Johnson J, Fairbanks E, et al. Creating opportunities for parent empowerment: program effects on the mental health/coping outcomes of critically ill young children and their mothers. Pediatrics. 2004;113(6):e597-607.
- 8. Stafford L, Sinclair M, Turner J, Newman L, Wakefield C, Krishnasamy M, et al. Study protocol for Enhancing Parenting In Cancer (EPIC): development and evaluation of a brief psycho-educational intervention to support parents with cancer who have young children. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2017;3(1):72.
- 9. Whittemore R, Zincavage RM, Jaser SS, Grey M, Coleman JL, Collett D, et al. Development of an eHealth Program for Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2017;014572171774860.
- 10. Abidin R. Parenting Stress Index. 4th edition. 2012 [cited 2018 Jan 11]. Available from: http://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/parenting-stress.aspx
- 11. Çekiç A, Hamamci Z. Anne-Baba Stres Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatr Derg. 2018;19(1):63–70.
- 12. Da Silva FM, Jacob E, Nascimento LC. Impact of Childhood Cancer on Parents’ Relationships: An Integrative Review. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2010;42(3):250–61.
- 13. Turan T, Başkale H, Öncel G. Determining the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Nurse-Parent Support Tool and the Stress Levels of Parents of Premature Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Clin Nurse Spec. 2016;30(3):E1–10.
- 14. Barroso NE, Hungerford GM, Garcia D, Graziano PA, Bagner DM. Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) in a high-risk sample of mothers and their infants. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(10):1331–5.
- 15. Pridham KF, Harrison TM, Brown R, Mussatto K. Collaborative caregiving of parents who have an infant with congenital heart disease. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2019;e12283.
- 16. Walker-Vischer L, Hill C, Mendez SS. The experience of latino parents of hospitalized children during family-centered rounds. J Nurs Adm. 2015;45(3):152–7.
- 17. Boztepe H, Çavuşoğlu H. Bir Üniversite Hastanesindeki Uygulamaların Aile Merkezli Bakım Yönünden İncelenmesi. Sağlık Bilim Fakültesi Hemşirelik Derg. 2009;11–24.
- 18. Tosun A, Tüfekci FG. Çocuk Kliniklerinde Aile Merkezli Bakım Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2015;18(2):131–9.
- 19. Sanjari M, Shirazi F, Heidari S, Salemi S, Rahmani M, Shoghi M. Nursing Support for Parents of Hospitalized Children. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2009;32(3):120–30.
- 20. Monteiro HM, Shetty AP, Bagali PV. Fears of school-age children and parental perceptions of nursing support during hospitalization in a selected pediatric hospital, Mangalore. Muller J Med Sci Res. 2014;5(2):139.
- 21. Aftyka A, Rozalska-Walaszek I, Wróbel A, Bednarek A, Dąbek K, Zarzycka D. Support provided by nurses to parents of hospitalized children - cultural adaptation and validation of Nurse Parent Support Tool and initial research results. Scand J Caring Sci. 2017;31(4):1012–21.
- 22. Pourmovahed Z, Roozbeh B. Nursing Support System for Mothers of Hospitalized Leukemic Children: A Comparative Study. Iran J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2016;6(4):235–43.
- 23. Franck LS, Axelin A. Differences in parents’, nurses’ and physicians’ views of NICU parent support. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102(6):590–6.
- 24. Tandberg BS, Sandtrø HP, Vårdal M, Rønnestad A. Parents of preterm evaluation of stress and nursing support. J Neonatal Nurs. 2013;19(6):317–26.
- 25. van Grieken A, Horrevorts EMB, Mieloo CL, Bannink R, Bouwmeester-Landweer MBR, Groen EH De, et al. A controlled trial in community pediatrics to empower parents who are at risk for parenting stress: The supportive parenting intervention. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(22).
- 26. Jones J, Greene A, Krishna S, Nowacki A, Traul C, Goldfarb J. Investigating Parent Needs, Participation, and Stress in the Children’s Hospital. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1):415–415.
- 27. Raju J, Chithra R, Suguna M, Madani AH. Assess the Level of Stress among Mothers of Hospitalized Children: A Challenge for Quality Nursing Care. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2019;9(3):153–8.
- 28. Tehrani TH, Haghighi M, Bazmamoun H. Effects of stress on mothers of hospitalized children in a hospital in Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. 2012;6(4):39–45.
- 29. Wray J, Lee K, Dearmun N, Franck L. Parental anxiety and stress during children’s hospitalisation: The StayClose study. J Child Heal Care. 2011;15(3):163–74.
- 30. Duffy LV, Vessey JA. A randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the creating opportunities for parent empowerment program for parents of children with epilepsy and other chronic neurological conditions. J Neurosci Nurs. 2016;48(3):166–74.
- 31. Gill F, Pascoe E, Monterosso L, Young J, Burr C, Tanner A, et al. Parent and staff perceptions of family-centred care in two Australian children’s hospitals. Eur J Pers Centered Healthc. 2013;1(2):317.
- 32. Tsitsi T, Charalambous A, Papastavrou E, Raftopoulos V. Effectiveness of a relaxation intervention (progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery techniques) to reduce anxiety and improve mood of parents of hospitalized children with malignancies: A randomized controlled trial in Republic of Cyprus and Gree. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;26:9–18.
- 33. Akkoyun S, Tas Arslan F. Investigation of stress and nursing support in mothers of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units. Scand J Caring Sci. 2019;33(2):351–8.
- 34. Turan T, Başbakkal Z, Özbek Ş. Effect of nursing interventions on stressors of parents of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(21):2856–66.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hemşirelik |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Nisan 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Nisan 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2 |
