Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmamızda tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, depresyon ve anksiyete arasındaki ilişkiyigöstermeyi amaçladık.
Çalışma Planı: Çalışmamıza tıp fakültesinde öğrenim gören, 18-25 yaş aralığında toplam 297 öğrenci (kadın n=200, erkek n=97) katıldı. Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (ATBÖ) ile, depresyon düzeyi Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ) ile, anksiyete düzeyi ise Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) ile değerlendirildi. Ayrıca tüm katılımcılardan sosyodemografik bilgi formunu doldurmaları istendi. İlgili ölçekler ile veri toplama süreci online sistem üzerinden gerçekleştirildi. İstatistiksel yöntemde bağımsız gruplar t-testi, Pearson’s korelasyon testi ve aracılık analizi kullanıldı. P<0,05 düzeyi istatistiki olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular:Günlük akıllı telefon kullanım süresi, akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeyi, depresyon ve anksiyete ölçek puanları anlamlı düzeyde ve pozitif yönde korele bulundu.Aracılık analizi sonuçları akıllı telefon bağımlılığının, depresyon ile telefon kullanma süresi arasındaki ilişkiye tam aracılık ettiğini gösterdi. Ayrıca depresyon düzeyindeki artışla birlikte akıllı telefon bağımlılığının arttığı, telefon kullanma süresi kontrol edildiğinde dahi bu ilişkinin anlamlılığını koruduğu gözlendi. Ek olarak, erkeklere kıyasla kadınlarda günlük telefon kullanım süresi, akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeyi, depresyon ve anksiyete ölçek puanları anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu.
Sonuç:Bulgularımız akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, depresyon ve anksiyete arasında kuvvetli bir ilişki olduğunu, ayrıca duygu durum bozuklukları açısından kadınların daha yüksek risk grubunda olduğunu göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Aktaş H, Yılmaz N. Üniversite gençlerinin yalnızlık ve utangaçlık unsurları açısından akıllı telefon bağımlılığı. Int J Soc Sci Educ Res. 2017;3(1):85–100.
- 2. M. Alfawareh H, Jusoh S. Smartphones usage among university students: Najran University case. Int J Acad Res. 2014;6(2):321–6.
- 3. Çetinkaya Bozkurt Ö, Minaz A. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin ve Kullanım Amaçlarının Farklı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sos Bilim Enstitüsü Derg. 2017;9(21):268–86.
- 4. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLoS One. 2013;8(2):569–78.
- 5. Kraut R, Kiesler S, Boneva B, Cummings J, Helgeson V, Crawford A. Internet paradox revisited. J Soc Issues. 2002;58(1):49–74.
- 6. King ALS, Valença AM, Nardi AE. Nomophobia: The mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: Reducing phobias or worsening of dependence? Cogn Behav Neurol. 2010;23(1):52–4.
- 7. Zheng X, Lee MKO. Excessive use of mobile social networking sites: Negative consequences on individuals. Comput Human Behav. 2016;65:65–76.
- 8. Beranuy M, Oberst U, Carbonell X, Chamarro A. Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence. Comput Human Behav. 2009;25(5):1182–7.
- 9. Tamura H, Nishida T, Tsuji A, Sakakibara H. Association between excessive use of mobile phone and insomnia and depression among Japanese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(7).
- 10. Steel Z, Marnane C, Iranpour C, Chey T, Jackson JW, Patel V, et al. The global prevalence of common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis 1980-2013. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(2):476–93.
- 11. Demirci K, Orhan H, Demirdas A, Akpinar A, Sert H. Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ölçeği’nin türkçe formunun gençlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Klin Psikofarmakol Bul. 2014;24(3):226–34.
- 12. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Türk Psikol Derg. 1988;6(23):3–13.
- 13. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–897.
- 14. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother An Int Q. 1998;12(2):163–72.
- 15. Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd Edition). New York: Guilford Press. 2018.
- 16. Bian M, Leung L. Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Smartphone Addiction Symptoms, and Patterns of Smartphone Use to Social Capital. Soc Sci Comput Rev. 2015;33(1):61–79.
- 17. Augner C, Hacker GW. Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. Int J Public Health. 2012;57(2):437–41.
- 18. Thomée S, Härenstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults - A prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):66.
- 19. Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85–92.
- 20. Kessler R, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas K, Walters E. Lifetime prevalence and age- of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:593–602.
- 21. Bekker M, van Mens-Verhulst J. Anxiety disorders: sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but gender-neutral treatment. Gend Med. 2007;4(Suppl B):178–193.
- 22. Beck AT, Steer RA, Carbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77–100.
- 23. Beck A, Steer R. Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio: Harcourt Brace and Company. San Antonio Harcourt Brace Co. 1993.
- 24. Bilsen J. Suicide and Youth: Risk Factors. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9(October):1–5.
- 25. TÜİK. İntihar İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. 2012;Sayı: 1585.
- 26. Bethea CL, Pecins-Thompson M, Schutzer WE, Gundlah C, Lu ZN. Ovarian steroids and serotonin neural function. Mol Neurobiol. 1998;18(2):87–123.
- 27. Shors TJ, Leuner B. Estrogen-mediated effects on depression and memory formation in females. J Affect Disord. 2003;74(1):85–96.
- 28. McHenry J, Carrier N, Hull E, Kabbaj M. Sex Differences in Anxiety and Depression: Role of Testosterone. Front Neuroendocr. 2014;35(1):42–57.
- 29. Zarrouf F, Artz S, Griffith J, Sirbu C, Kommor M. Testosterone and depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Pr. 2009;15(4):289–305.
- 30. Sher L. Low testosterone levels may be associated with suicidal behavior in older men while high testosterone levels may be related to suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: a hypothesis. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2013;25(3):263–8.
The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction, Depression, And Anxiety in Faculty of Medicine Students
Öz
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction, depression, and anxiety in medical school students.
Study Design:A total of 297 students (female n = 200, male n = 97) between the ages of 18-25, studying at the medical faculty, participated in our study. Smartphone addiction was evaluated with the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), depression level with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and anxiety level with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Also, all participants were asked to fill in the sociodemographic information form. The data collection process with relevant scales was carried out through the online system. Independent groups t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and mediatedregressionanalysis were used in the statistical method. P<0.05 level was considered statistically significant.
Results:A significant and positive correlation was found between the daily duration of smartphone use, smartphone addiction level, depression, and anxiety scale scores. Mediatedregression analysis results showed that smartphone addiction fully mediates the relationship between depression and duration of phone use. Also, it was observed that smartphone addiction increased with the increase in the level of depression, and this relationship remained significant even when the duration of phone use was controlled. Additionally, compared to men, the daily phone use duration, smartphone addiction level, depression, and anxiety scale scores were found to be significantly higher in women.
Conclusion: Our findings show that there is a strong relationship between smartphone addiction, depression, and anxiety and that women are in a higher risk group for mood disorders.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Aktaş H, Yılmaz N. Üniversite gençlerinin yalnızlık ve utangaçlık unsurları açısından akıllı telefon bağımlılığı. Int J Soc Sci Educ Res. 2017;3(1):85–100.
- 2. M. Alfawareh H, Jusoh S. Smartphones usage among university students: Najran University case. Int J Acad Res. 2014;6(2):321–6.
- 3. Çetinkaya Bozkurt Ö, Minaz A. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin ve Kullanım Amaçlarının Farklı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sos Bilim Enstitüsü Derg. 2017;9(21):268–86.
- 4. Kwon M, Lee JY, Won WY, Park JW, Min JA, Hahn C, et al. Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLoS One. 2013;8(2):569–78.
- 5. Kraut R, Kiesler S, Boneva B, Cummings J, Helgeson V, Crawford A. Internet paradox revisited. J Soc Issues. 2002;58(1):49–74.
- 6. King ALS, Valença AM, Nardi AE. Nomophobia: The mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: Reducing phobias or worsening of dependence? Cogn Behav Neurol. 2010;23(1):52–4.
- 7. Zheng X, Lee MKO. Excessive use of mobile social networking sites: Negative consequences on individuals. Comput Human Behav. 2016;65:65–76.
- 8. Beranuy M, Oberst U, Carbonell X, Chamarro A. Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: The role of emotional intelligence. Comput Human Behav. 2009;25(5):1182–7.
- 9. Tamura H, Nishida T, Tsuji A, Sakakibara H. Association between excessive use of mobile phone and insomnia and depression among Japanese adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(7).
- 10. Steel Z, Marnane C, Iranpour C, Chey T, Jackson JW, Patel V, et al. The global prevalence of common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis 1980-2013. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(2):476–93.
- 11. Demirci K, Orhan H, Demirdas A, Akpinar A, Sert H. Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ölçeği’nin türkçe formunun gençlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Klin Psikofarmakol Bul. 2014;24(3):226–34.
- 12. Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Türk Psikol Derg. 1988;6(23):3–13.
- 13. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893–897.
- 14. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother An Int Q. 1998;12(2):163–72.
- 15. Hayes AF. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd Edition). New York: Guilford Press. 2018.
- 16. Bian M, Leung L. Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Smartphone Addiction Symptoms, and Patterns of Smartphone Use to Social Capital. Soc Sci Comput Rev. 2015;33(1):61–79.
- 17. Augner C, Hacker GW. Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. Int J Public Health. 2012;57(2):437–41.
- 18. Thomée S, Härenstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults - A prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):66.
- 19. Demirci K, Akgönül M, Akpinar A. Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. J Behav Addict. 2015;4(2):85–92.
- 20. Kessler R, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas K, Walters E. Lifetime prevalence and age- of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:593–602.
- 21. Bekker M, van Mens-Verhulst J. Anxiety disorders: sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but gender-neutral treatment. Gend Med. 2007;4(Suppl B):178–193.
- 22. Beck AT, Steer RA, Carbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev. 1988;8(1):77–100.
- 23. Beck A, Steer R. Beck Anxiety Inventory Manual. San Antonio: Harcourt Brace and Company. San Antonio Harcourt Brace Co. 1993.
- 24. Bilsen J. Suicide and Youth: Risk Factors. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9(October):1–5.
- 25. TÜİK. İntihar İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. 2012;Sayı: 1585.
- 26. Bethea CL, Pecins-Thompson M, Schutzer WE, Gundlah C, Lu ZN. Ovarian steroids and serotonin neural function. Mol Neurobiol. 1998;18(2):87–123.
- 27. Shors TJ, Leuner B. Estrogen-mediated effects on depression and memory formation in females. J Affect Disord. 2003;74(1):85–96.
- 28. McHenry J, Carrier N, Hull E, Kabbaj M. Sex Differences in Anxiety and Depression: Role of Testosterone. Front Neuroendocr. 2014;35(1):42–57.
- 29. Zarrouf F, Artz S, Griffith J, Sirbu C, Kommor M. Testosterone and depression: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Pr. 2009;15(4):289–305.
- 30. Sher L. Low testosterone levels may be associated with suicidal behavior in older men while high testosterone levels may be related to suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: a hypothesis. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2013;25(3):263–8.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Tıbbi Fizyoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Nisan 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 11 Ekim 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2 |
