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Coronary Artery Diseases Risk Factors: Role of Nurses On Primary and Secondary Prevention

Year 2012, Issue: 4, 223 - 231, 01.12.2012

Emine Türkmen Aysel Badır Ayşe Ergün

Abstract

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in upper-middle income countries. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in Turkey and coronary artery disease is the most prevalent in that category. While a decrease in the prevalence of the disease has been observed in developed countries where primary and secondary preventive measures have been successfully applied toward the risk factors, a general rise has been reported in Turkey for both genders in the past 20 years and is attributed to the life-style changes of the population. In this article, preventing cardiovascular risk factors both for healthy and high risk people, raising awareness levels and helping patients and their caregivers comply with diseases will be discussed in the light of role of nurses, international research, National Heart Health Policy and the existence of new regulations

Keywords

Cardiovascular diseases risk factors primary prevention secondary prevention nursing

References

  • World Health Organization (WHO). The top ten causes of death. Fact sheet No 310 / 2008. November 2008.
  • Onat A. TEKHARF çalışması 2009. Available at: http://tekharf.org/ Accessed May 20, 2011.
  • Poulter N. Global risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart 2003; 89 (Suppl II): ii2-ii5.
  • Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, editors. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Genava: World Health Organization (WHO); 2011.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Avrupa klinik uygulamada kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan korunma kılavuzu: Özet. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2008; Suppl 1: 153-192.
  • Okrainec K, Banerjee DK, Eisenberg MJ. Coronary artery disease in the developing world. Am Heart J 2004; 148(1): 7-15.
  • Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases Part I: General considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation 2001; 104: 2746-53.
  • Güleç S. Kalp damar hastalıklarında global risk ve hedefler. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2009; 37 (Suppl 2): 1-10.
  • Altun B, Arici M, Nergizoğlu G, Derici Ü, Karatan O, Turgan Ç, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Turkey (the PatentT study) in 2003. J Hypertens 2005; 23(10): 1817-23.
  • Arici M, Turgan Ç, Altun B, Sindel Ş, Erbay B, Derici Ü, et al. Hypertension incidence in Turkey (HinT): a population-based study. J Hypertens 2010; 28 (2): 240-44.
  • Satman İ, Yılmaz T, Sengül A, Salman S, Salman F, Uygur S, et al. Population based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: Results of the Turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care 2002; 25(9): 1551-56.
  • Satman İ, TURDEP II çalışma grubu. Türkiye diyabet, hipertansiyon, obezite ve endokrinolojik hastalıklar prevalans çalışması-II (TURDEP II) ön sonuçlar. 2010.
  • Tokgözoğlu L, Kaya EB, Erol Ç, Ergene O. EUROASPIRE III: Türkiye ile Avrupa’nın karşılaştırılması. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2010; 38(3): 164-72.
  • International Council of Nurses (ICN). Delivering quality, serving communities: Nurses leading chronic care. International Nurses Day 2010. Genava: ICN; 2010.
  • Hemşirelik Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik (19 Nisan 2011) Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete tarih ve no: 19.04.2011: 27910.
  • Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Nurse-led interventions to reduce cardiac risk factors in adults. Best Practice 2009; 13(5): 1-4.
  • Raftery JP, Yao GL, Murchie P, Campbell NC, Ritchie LD. Cost effectiveness of nurse led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: follow up of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2005; 330: 707-10.
  • Murchie P, Campbell NC, Ritchie LD, Thain J. Running nurse-led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: Qualitative study of health professionals’ perspectives. Br J Gen Pract 2005; July: 522-8.
  • Wood DA, Kotseva K, Connolly S, Jennings C, Mead A, Jones J, et al. Nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary, family-based cardiovascular disease prevention programme (EUROACTION) for patients with coronary heart disease and asymptomatic individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a paired, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371(14): 1999-2012.
  • Hemşirelik Kanunu 6283.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği koroner kalp hastalığı korunma ve tedavi kılavuzu 2002.
  • Yüksel H. Aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda primer ve sekonder korunma. İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri, Ateroskleroz Koroner, Serebral, Periferik Arter Tutulumu Sempozyum Dizisi, 2006; 52; 77-88.
  • Lowther M, Mordue A. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Scotland. Glasgow: NHS Health Scotland 2006.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Ulusal kalp sağlığı politikası 2006.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention of cardiovascular disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. Genava: WHO; 2007.
  • Pearson TA, Blair SN, Daniels SR, Eckel RH, Fair JM, Fortmann SP, et al. AHA guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke: 2002 update. Circulation 2002; 106: 388-91.
  • Smith SC, Allen J, Blair SN, Bonow RO, Brass LM, Fonarow GC, et.al AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update. Circulation 2006; 113: 2362-72.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Koroner kalp hastalığından korunma ve tedaviye ilişkin ulusal kılavuz 1995. Available at: http://www.tkd. org.tr/kilavuz/k02.htm. Accessed May 20, 2011.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı (SB). Türkiye kalp ve damar hastalıklarını önleme ve kontrol programı. Ankara: Anıl Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti.; 2008.
  • Cumbie SA, Conley VM, Burman ME. Advanced practice nursing model for comprehensive care with chronic illness: Model for promoting process engagement. Advanced in Nursing Science, 2004; 27(1): 70-80.
  • Wagner EH, Austin BT, Von Korff M. Organizing care for patients with chronic illness. The Milbank Quarterly 1996; 74(4): 511-44.
  • Wagner EH. The role of patient care teams in chronic disease management. BMJ 2000; 320(26): 569-72.
  • DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko HR, Dennis CA, Thomas RJ, Lew HT, et al. Case-management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120(9): 721-29.
  • Türkmen E. Vaka yönetimi yöntemi ve hasta bakımına etkileri. Yoğun Bakım 1997; 1(2):69-76.
  • Norris SL, Nichols PJ, Caspersen CJ, Glasgow RE, Engelgau MM, Jack Jr L, et al. The effectiveness of disease and case management for people with diabetes: A systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2002; 22(4S): 15-38.
  • Crughan E, Johnson C. Occupational health and school health: a natural alliance? Nursing and health care management and policy. J Adv Nurs 2004; 45(2): 155-56.
  • US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). 2008 Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Available at: http://www.health.gov/ paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf. Accessed October 25, 2011.
  • Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, Shanklin S, Ross J, Hawkins J, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States 2009. CDC MMWR 2010; 59(SS-5): 1–142.
  • Öztürk C, Dicle A, Sarı Y, Bektaş M. Okul dönemindeki çocukların sağlık durumlarının belirlenmesi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi 2004; 163: 156-68.
  • Gür K, Ergün A, Yıldız A, Kadıoğlu H, Erol S, Kolaç N, et al. Bir ilköğretim okulunda Omaha Sistemi’ne göre öğrencilerin sağlık problemleri ve hemşirelik uygulamaları. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2008; 3: 1-14.
  • Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, Van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, Martin BW. Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 923-30.
  • Sharma M. Dietary education in school-based childhood obesity prevention programs. American Society for Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2011; 2: 207S–16S.
  • Jang M, Berry D. Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in adults and children in South Korea: a review of the literature. Clin Nurs Res 2011; 20(3): 276-91.
  • Llargues E, Franco R, Recasens A, Nadal A, Vila M, Perez MJ, et.al Assessment of a school-based intervention in eating habits and physical activity in school children: the AVall study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 65: 896-901.
  • Epstein LH, Roemmich JN, Robinson JL, Paluch RA, Winiewicz DD, Fuerch JH, et al. A randomized trial of the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on body mass index in young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162(3): 239-45.
  • Sichieri R, Trotte AP, Souza RAD, Veiga GV. School randomised trial on prevention of excessive weight gain by discouraging students from drinking sodas. Public Health Nutrition 2008; 12(2):197-202.
  • Muckelbauer R, Libuda L, Clausen K, Toschke AM, Reinehr T, Kersting M. Promotion and provision of drinking water in schools for overweight prevention: Randomized, controlled cluster trial. Pediatrics 2009; 123(4): 661-67.
  • Linnan L, Bowling M, Childress J, Lindsay G, Blakey C, Pronk S, et al. Results of the 2004 National Worksite Health Promotion Survey. Am. J. Pub. Health 2008; 98(8): 1503-9
  • Soler RE, Leeks KD, Razi S, Hopkins DP, Griffith M, Aten A, et al. Systematic review of selected interventions for worksite health promotion the assessment of health risks with feedback. Am J Prev Med 2010; 38(2S): S237-62.
  • Yataklı Tedavi Kurumları İşletme Yönetmeliği 2005. Resmi Gazete Tarihi - No: 13/01/1983 - 17927 Mükerrer
  • Aile Hekimliği Uygulaması Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 25/05/2010

Koroner Arter Hastalıkları Risk Faktörleri: Primer ve Sekonder Korunmada Hemşirelerin Rolü

Year 2012, Issue: 4, 223 - 231, 01.12.2012

Emine Türkmen Aysel Badır Ayşe Ergün

Abstract

Koroner arter hastalığı, gelir düzeyi yüksek ya da orta düzeyde yüksek olan ülkelerde ölüme yol açan hastalıklar arasında ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Ülkemizde ise ölüm nedenlerinin başında kardiyovasküler hastalıklar yer almakta olup bu hastalıklar içinde en sık görüleni koroner arter hastalığıdır. Koroner arter hastalığının risk faktörlerine yönelik primer ve sekonder önlemlerin iyi uygulandığı gelişmiş ülkelerde hastalık prevalansında azalma görülürken, ülkemizde ise son 20 yıllık süre içerisinde ortalama prevalansın her iki cinsiyette de arttığı ve bu artışta Türk halkının hayat tarzındaki değişikliklerin etkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu makalede; ülkemizde kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerine yönelik sağlıklı ve riskli bireylerin bilinçlendirilmesi, hasta bireylerin ve yakınlarının hastalığa uyumunun sağlanmasına yönelik hemşirelik rolleri uluslar arası yapılan çalışmalar, Ulusal Kalp Sağlığı Politikası ve mevcut yasal düzenlemeler ışığında tartışılacaktır

Keywords

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar risk faktörleri primer önleme sekonder önleme hemşirelik

References

  • World Health Organization (WHO). The top ten causes of death. Fact sheet No 310 / 2008. November 2008.
  • Onat A. TEKHARF çalışması 2009. Available at: http://tekharf.org/ Accessed May 20, 2011.
  • Poulter N. Global risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart 2003; 89 (Suppl II): ii2-ii5.
  • Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B, editors. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Genava: World Health Organization (WHO); 2011.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Avrupa klinik uygulamada kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan korunma kılavuzu: Özet. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2008; Suppl 1: 153-192.
  • Okrainec K, Banerjee DK, Eisenberg MJ. Coronary artery disease in the developing world. Am Heart J 2004; 148(1): 7-15.
  • Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases Part I: General considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation 2001; 104: 2746-53.
  • Güleç S. Kalp damar hastalıklarında global risk ve hedefler. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2009; 37 (Suppl 2): 1-10.
  • Altun B, Arici M, Nergizoğlu G, Derici Ü, Karatan O, Turgan Ç, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Turkey (the PatentT study) in 2003. J Hypertens 2005; 23(10): 1817-23.
  • Arici M, Turgan Ç, Altun B, Sindel Ş, Erbay B, Derici Ü, et al. Hypertension incidence in Turkey (HinT): a population-based study. J Hypertens 2010; 28 (2): 240-44.
  • Satman İ, Yılmaz T, Sengül A, Salman S, Salman F, Uygur S, et al. Population based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey: Results of the Turkish diabetes epidemiology study (TURDEP). Diabetes Care 2002; 25(9): 1551-56.
  • Satman İ, TURDEP II çalışma grubu. Türkiye diyabet, hipertansiyon, obezite ve endokrinolojik hastalıklar prevalans çalışması-II (TURDEP II) ön sonuçlar. 2010.
  • Tokgözoğlu L, Kaya EB, Erol Ç, Ergene O. EUROASPIRE III: Türkiye ile Avrupa’nın karşılaştırılması. Türk Kardiyol Dern Arş 2010; 38(3): 164-72.
  • International Council of Nurses (ICN). Delivering quality, serving communities: Nurses leading chronic care. International Nurses Day 2010. Genava: ICN; 2010.
  • Hemşirelik Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik (19 Nisan 2011) Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete tarih ve no: 19.04.2011: 27910.
  • Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Nurse-led interventions to reduce cardiac risk factors in adults. Best Practice 2009; 13(5): 1-4.
  • Raftery JP, Yao GL, Murchie P, Campbell NC, Ritchie LD. Cost effectiveness of nurse led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: follow up of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2005; 330: 707-10.
  • Murchie P, Campbell NC, Ritchie LD, Thain J. Running nurse-led secondary prevention clinics for coronary heart disease in primary care: Qualitative study of health professionals’ perspectives. Br J Gen Pract 2005; July: 522-8.
  • Wood DA, Kotseva K, Connolly S, Jennings C, Mead A, Jones J, et al. Nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary, family-based cardiovascular disease prevention programme (EUROACTION) for patients with coronary heart disease and asymptomatic individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a paired, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371(14): 1999-2012.
  • Hemşirelik Kanunu 6283.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği koroner kalp hastalığı korunma ve tedavi kılavuzu 2002.
  • Yüksel H. Aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalıklarda primer ve sekonder korunma. İ.Ü. Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Etkinlikleri, Ateroskleroz Koroner, Serebral, Periferik Arter Tutulumu Sempozyum Dizisi, 2006; 52; 77-88.
  • Lowther M, Mordue A. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Scotland. Glasgow: NHS Health Scotland 2006.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Ulusal kalp sağlığı politikası 2006.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Prevention of cardiovascular disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. Genava: WHO; 2007.
  • Pearson TA, Blair SN, Daniels SR, Eckel RH, Fair JM, Fortmann SP, et al. AHA guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke: 2002 update. Circulation 2002; 106: 388-91.
  • Smith SC, Allen J, Blair SN, Bonow RO, Brass LM, Fonarow GC, et.al AHA/ACC guidelines for secondary prevention for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2006 update. Circulation 2006; 113: 2362-72.
  • Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği (TKD). Koroner kalp hastalığından korunma ve tedaviye ilişkin ulusal kılavuz 1995. Available at: http://www.tkd. org.tr/kilavuz/k02.htm. Accessed May 20, 2011.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı (SB). Türkiye kalp ve damar hastalıklarını önleme ve kontrol programı. Ankara: Anıl Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti.; 2008.
  • Cumbie SA, Conley VM, Burman ME. Advanced practice nursing model for comprehensive care with chronic illness: Model for promoting process engagement. Advanced in Nursing Science, 2004; 27(1): 70-80.
  • Wagner EH, Austin BT, Von Korff M. Organizing care for patients with chronic illness. The Milbank Quarterly 1996; 74(4): 511-44.
  • Wagner EH. The role of patient care teams in chronic disease management. BMJ 2000; 320(26): 569-72.
  • DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko HR, Dennis CA, Thomas RJ, Lew HT, et al. Case-management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120(9): 721-29.
  • Türkmen E. Vaka yönetimi yöntemi ve hasta bakımına etkileri. Yoğun Bakım 1997; 1(2):69-76.
  • Norris SL, Nichols PJ, Caspersen CJ, Glasgow RE, Engelgau MM, Jack Jr L, et al. The effectiveness of disease and case management for people with diabetes: A systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2002; 22(4S): 15-38.
  • Crughan E, Johnson C. Occupational health and school health: a natural alliance? Nursing and health care management and policy. J Adv Nurs 2004; 45(2): 155-56.
  • US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). 2008 Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Available at: http://www.health.gov/ paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf. Accessed October 25, 2011.
  • Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, Shanklin S, Ross J, Hawkins J, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance-United States 2009. CDC MMWR 2010; 59(SS-5): 1–142.
  • Öztürk C, Dicle A, Sarı Y, Bektaş M. Okul dönemindeki çocukların sağlık durumlarının belirlenmesi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi 2004; 163: 156-68.
  • Gür K, Ergün A, Yıldız A, Kadıoğlu H, Erol S, Kolaç N, et al. Bir ilköğretim okulunda Omaha Sistemi’ne göre öğrencilerin sağlık problemleri ve hemşirelik uygulamaları. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2008; 3: 1-14.
  • Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, Van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, Martin BW. Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 923-30.
  • Sharma M. Dietary education in school-based childhood obesity prevention programs. American Society for Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2011; 2: 207S–16S.
  • Jang M, Berry D. Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in adults and children in South Korea: a review of the literature. Clin Nurs Res 2011; 20(3): 276-91.
  • Llargues E, Franco R, Recasens A, Nadal A, Vila M, Perez MJ, et.al Assessment of a school-based intervention in eating habits and physical activity in school children: the AVall study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 65: 896-901.
  • Epstein LH, Roemmich JN, Robinson JL, Paluch RA, Winiewicz DD, Fuerch JH, et al. A randomized trial of the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on body mass index in young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162(3): 239-45.
  • Sichieri R, Trotte AP, Souza RAD, Veiga GV. School randomised trial on prevention of excessive weight gain by discouraging students from drinking sodas. Public Health Nutrition 2008; 12(2):197-202.
  • Muckelbauer R, Libuda L, Clausen K, Toschke AM, Reinehr T, Kersting M. Promotion and provision of drinking water in schools for overweight prevention: Randomized, controlled cluster trial. Pediatrics 2009; 123(4): 661-67.
  • Linnan L, Bowling M, Childress J, Lindsay G, Blakey C, Pronk S, et al. Results of the 2004 National Worksite Health Promotion Survey. Am. J. Pub. Health 2008; 98(8): 1503-9
  • Soler RE, Leeks KD, Razi S, Hopkins DP, Griffith M, Aten A, et al. Systematic review of selected interventions for worksite health promotion the assessment of health risks with feedback. Am J Prev Med 2010; 38(2S): S237-62.
  • Yataklı Tedavi Kurumları İşletme Yönetmeliği 2005. Resmi Gazete Tarihi - No: 13/01/1983 - 17927 Mükerrer
  • Aile Hekimliği Uygulaması Resmi Gazete Tarihi: 25/05/2010
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Emine Türkmen

Aysel Badır

Ayşe Ergün

Publication Date December 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote Türkmen E, Badır A, Ergün A (December 1, 2012) Koroner Arter Hastalıkları Risk Faktörleri: Primer ve Sekonder Korunmada Hemşirelerin Rolü. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 4 223–231.