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Predictive Variables of Depression Level In Parents of Children With Cerebral Palsy

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 4, 242 - 249, 01.12.2012

Selvin Balki Özden Canbay

Öz

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between clinical status of children with cerebral palsy CP and symptoms of depression in their parents with particular attention to mothers’ perceptions. Patients and Methods: Parents 40 mothers, 22 fathers of children 24 males, 16 females with CP aged 4-28 years being educated in a private rehabilitation center participated in this cross-sectional study. Gross Motor Function Classification System, Beck Depression Inventory BDI , and Modified Ashworth Scale were used. The measurements included mothers’ ratings of their children’s mental handicap and problem behaviour level 2-point scale yes/no and 10-cm-visual analog scale, respectively . Demographic informations were collected as well as information on home exercises, functional status and care giving roles. Results: According to mothers, 40% of their children had mental handicap. Mean problem behavior level was 4.9. 45% of the mothers, and 40% of the fathers had depressive symptoms above the cut off on BDI. In symptoms of depression of mothers of the mentally handicapped CP group were found importantly increase p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paternal depression maternal depression. mother proxy report cerebral palsy

Kaynakça

  • Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007;49(Suppl109):8-14.
  • Serdaroğlu A, Cansu A, Ozkan S, Tezcan S. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006;48:413-6.
  • Rapp CE Jr, Torres MM. The adult with cerebral palsy. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:466-72.
  • Hirose T, Ueda R. Long-term follow-up study of cerebral palsy children and coping behaviour of parents. J Adv Nurs 1990;15:762-70.
  • Raina P, O’Donnell M, Rosenbaum P, Brehaut J, Walter SD, Russell D, at al.The health and well-being of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Pediatrics 2005;115:e626-36.
  • Murphy NA, Christian B, Caplin DA, Young PC. The health of caregivers for children with disabilities: caregiver perspectives. Child Care Health Dev 2007;33:180-7.
  • Brehaut JC, Kohen DE, Raina P, Walter SD, Russell DJ, Swinton M, at al. The health of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: how does it compare with that of other Canadian caregivers? Pediatrics 2004;114:e182-91.
  • Kaya K, Unsal-Delialioglu S, Ordu-Gokkaya NK, Ozisler Z, Ergun N, Ozel S, at all. Musculo-skeletal pain, quality of life and depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2010;32:1666-72.
  • Unsal-Delialioglu S, Kaya K, Ozel S, Gorgulu G. Depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy and related factors in Turkey: a controlled study. Int J Rehabil Res 2009;32:199-204.
  • Altındağ Ö, İşcan A, Akcan S, Köksal S, Erçin M, Ege L. Anxiety and Depression Levels in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg 2007;53:22-4.
  • Sajedi F, Alizad V, Malekkhosravi G, Karimlou M, Vameghi R. Depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy and its relation to severity and type of cerebral palsy. Acta Med Iran 2010;48:250-4.
  • Jane M. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children
  • Opportunities to Improve Identification, Treatment, and Prevention. Washington: National Academies Pres, 2009.
  • Manuel J, Naughton MJ, Balkrishnan R, Paterson Smith B, Koman LA. Stress and adaptation in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol 2003; 28:197-201.
  • Ones K, Yılmaz E, Cetinkaya B, Caglar N. Assesment of the quality of life of mothers of children with cerebral palsy (primary caregivers). Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2005;19: 232-7.
  • Short DL, Schkade JK, Herring JA. Parent involvement in physical therapy:a controversial issue. J Pediatr Orthop1989;9:444–6.
  • King S, Teplicky R, King G, Rosenbaum P. Family-centered service for children with cerebral palsy and their families: a review of the literature. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2004;11:78-86.
  • King G, King S, Rosenbaum P, Goffin R. Family-centered caregiving and well-being of parents of children with disabilities: linking process with outcome. J Pediatr Psychol 1999;24:41-53.
  • Olsson MB, Hwang CP. Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2001;45:535-43.
  • Toros F. Zihinsel ve /veya bedensel engelli çocukların anne babalarında anksiyete, depresyon ve evlilik uyumunun değerlendirilmesi Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi 2002;10:267-74.
  • Beckman PJ. Comparison of mothers’ and fathers’perceptions of the effect of young children with and without disabilities. Am J Ment Retard 1991;95:585-95.
  • Davis NO, Carter AS. Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: associations with child characteristics. J Autism Dev Disord 2008;38:1278-91.
  • Palisano RJ, Rosenbaum P, Bartlett D, Livingston M. Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008;50:249-53.
  • Mutlu A, Livanelioglu A, Gunel MK. Reliability of Ashworth and modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;10:9-14.
  • Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Psikoloji Dergisi 1988;6:118-26.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi 1989;7:3-13.
  • Wanamaker CE, Glenwick DS. Stress, coping and perceptions of child behavior in parents of preschoolers with cerebral palsy. Rehabil Psychol 1998;43:297-312.
  • Hastings RP. Child behaviour problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. J Intellect Disabil Res 2003;47:231-7.
  • Trute B. Gender differences in the psychological adjustment of parents of young, developmentally disabled children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995;36:1225-42.
  • Toros F. Zihinsel ve/veya bedensel engelli çocukların annelerinin anksiyete, depresyon, evlilik uyumunun ve çocuğu algılama şeklinin değerlendirilmesi. T Clin J Psychiatry 2002;3:45-52.
  • Svedberg LE, Englund E, Malker H, Stener-Victorin E. Comparison of impact on mood, health, and daily living experiences of primary caregivers of walking and nonwalking children with cerebral palsy and provided community services support. Eur J Paediatric Neurol 2010;14:239-46.
  • Butcher PR, Wind T, Bouma A. Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of a child with a hemiparesis: sources of stress, intervening factors and long-term expressions of stress. Child Care Health Dev 2008;34:530-41.
  • Ketelaar M, Volman MJ, Gorter JW, Vermeer A. Stress in parents of children with cerebral palsy: what sources of stress are we talking about? Child Care Health Dev 2008;34:825-9.
  • Mobarak R, Khan NZ, Munir S, Zaman SS, McConachie H. Predictors of stress in mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh. J Pediatr Psychol 2000;25:427-33.
  • Brossard-Racine M, Hall N, Majnemer A, Shevell MI, Law M, Poulin C, at al. Behavioural problems in school age children with cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012;16:35-41.
  • McDermott S, Coker AL, Mani S, Krishnaswami S, Nagle RJ, Barnett- Queen LL, at al. A population-based analysis of behavior problems in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol 1996;21:447-63.
  • Karen W, Krigger MD. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. Am Fam Physician 2006;73:91-100.
  • Glenn S, Cunningham C, Poole H, Reeves D, Weindling M. Maternal parenting stress and its correlates in families with a young child with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev. 2009;35:71-8.
  • Weiss KL, Marvin RS, Pianta RC. Etnographic detection and description of family strategies for child care: applications to the study of cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol 1997;22:263-78.
  • Button S, Marvin RS, Pianta RC. Partner support and maternal stress in families raising young children with cerebral palsy. J Dev Phys Disabil 2001;13:61-81.
  • Ireys H, Anderson G, Shaffer T, Neff J. Expenditures for care of children with chronic illnesses enrolled in Washington State Medicaid program, fiscal year 1993. Pediatrics 1997;100:197-204.
  • Sundrum R, Logan S, Wallace A, Spencer N. Cerebral palsy and socioeconomic status: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:15-18.
  • Doğan O, Özbek H, Gülmez H, Coşkunerden C. Kadınlarda ruhsal belirtilerin yaygınlığı. Düşünen Adam 1989;3:13-7.
  • Fergusson DM, Lynskey MT, Horwood LJ. The effect of maternal depression on maternal ratings of child behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1993;21:245-69.

Serebral Palsili Çocukların Anne-Babalarında Depresyon Seviyesini Belirleyen Değişkenler

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 4, 242 - 249, 01.12.2012

Selvin Balki Özden Canbay

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, serebral palsi SP ’li çocukların klinik durumu ve anne-babalarının depresif belirtileri arasındaki ilişkiyi, anne algılarına önem vererek incelemektir. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya, 4-28 yaşlarında özel bir rehabilitasyon merkezinde eğitim gören SP’li çocukların 24 erkek, 16 kız ebeveynleri 22 baba, 40 anne katıldı. Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Sınıflandırma Sistemi, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği BDÖ ve Modifiye Ashworth Skalası kullanıldı. Ölçümler annelerin çocuklarının zihinsel engel ve sorunlu davranış düzeyi 2-nokta ölçek evet/hayır ve 10-cm-görsel analog skala, sırasıyla değerlendirmesini içermektedir. Demografik bilgilerin yanı sıra ev egzersizleri, fonksiyonel durum ve bakım verme rolleri hakkında bilgiler toplandı. Bulgular: Annelere göre, çocuklarının %40’ı zihinsel engele sahipti. Ortalama sorunlu davranış seviyesi 4.9 idi. Annelerin %45’i ve babaların %40’ında BDÖ’nin kesme noktasının üzerinde depresif belirti vardı. Zihinsel engelli SP grubunun annelerinin depresif belirtilerinde önemli artış bulundu p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Baba depresyonu anne depresyonu anne bildirimi serebral palsi

Kaynakça

  • Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, Damiano D, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007;49(Suppl109):8-14.
  • Serdaroğlu A, Cansu A, Ozkan S, Tezcan S. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in Turkish children between the ages of 2 and 16 years. Dev Med Child Neurol 2006;48:413-6.
  • Rapp CE Jr, Torres MM. The adult with cerebral palsy. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:466-72.
  • Hirose T, Ueda R. Long-term follow-up study of cerebral palsy children and coping behaviour of parents. J Adv Nurs 1990;15:762-70.
  • Raina P, O’Donnell M, Rosenbaum P, Brehaut J, Walter SD, Russell D, at al.The health and well-being of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Pediatrics 2005;115:e626-36.
  • Murphy NA, Christian B, Caplin DA, Young PC. The health of caregivers for children with disabilities: caregiver perspectives. Child Care Health Dev 2007;33:180-7.
  • Brehaut JC, Kohen DE, Raina P, Walter SD, Russell DJ, Swinton M, at al. The health of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: how does it compare with that of other Canadian caregivers? Pediatrics 2004;114:e182-91.
  • Kaya K, Unsal-Delialioglu S, Ordu-Gokkaya NK, Ozisler Z, Ergun N, Ozel S, at all. Musculo-skeletal pain, quality of life and depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2010;32:1666-72.
  • Unsal-Delialioglu S, Kaya K, Ozel S, Gorgulu G. Depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy and related factors in Turkey: a controlled study. Int J Rehabil Res 2009;32:199-204.
  • Altındağ Ö, İşcan A, Akcan S, Köksal S, Erçin M, Ege L. Anxiety and Depression Levels in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg 2007;53:22-4.
  • Sajedi F, Alizad V, Malekkhosravi G, Karimlou M, Vameghi R. Depression in mothers of children with cerebral palsy and its relation to severity and type of cerebral palsy. Acta Med Iran 2010;48:250-4.
  • Jane M. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children
  • Opportunities to Improve Identification, Treatment, and Prevention. Washington: National Academies Pres, 2009.
  • Manuel J, Naughton MJ, Balkrishnan R, Paterson Smith B, Koman LA. Stress and adaptation in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol 2003; 28:197-201.
  • Ones K, Yılmaz E, Cetinkaya B, Caglar N. Assesment of the quality of life of mothers of children with cerebral palsy (primary caregivers). Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2005;19: 232-7.
  • Short DL, Schkade JK, Herring JA. Parent involvement in physical therapy:a controversial issue. J Pediatr Orthop1989;9:444–6.
  • King S, Teplicky R, King G, Rosenbaum P. Family-centered service for children with cerebral palsy and their families: a review of the literature. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2004;11:78-86.
  • King G, King S, Rosenbaum P, Goffin R. Family-centered caregiving and well-being of parents of children with disabilities: linking process with outcome. J Pediatr Psychol 1999;24:41-53.
  • Olsson MB, Hwang CP. Depression in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2001;45:535-43.
  • Toros F. Zihinsel ve /veya bedensel engelli çocukların anne babalarında anksiyete, depresyon ve evlilik uyumunun değerlendirilmesi Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi 2002;10:267-74.
  • Beckman PJ. Comparison of mothers’ and fathers’perceptions of the effect of young children with and without disabilities. Am J Ment Retard 1991;95:585-95.
  • Davis NO, Carter AS. Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: associations with child characteristics. J Autism Dev Disord 2008;38:1278-91.
  • Palisano RJ, Rosenbaum P, Bartlett D, Livingston M. Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System. Dev Med Child Neurol 2008;50:249-53.
  • Mutlu A, Livanelioglu A, Gunel MK. Reliability of Ashworth and modified Ashworth scales in children with spastic cerebral palsy. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;10:9-14.
  • Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma. Psikoloji Dergisi 1988;6:118-26.
  • Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi 1989;7:3-13.
  • Wanamaker CE, Glenwick DS. Stress, coping and perceptions of child behavior in parents of preschoolers with cerebral palsy. Rehabil Psychol 1998;43:297-312.
  • Hastings RP. Child behaviour problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. J Intellect Disabil Res 2003;47:231-7.
  • Trute B. Gender differences in the psychological adjustment of parents of young, developmentally disabled children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1995;36:1225-42.
  • Toros F. Zihinsel ve/veya bedensel engelli çocukların annelerinin anksiyete, depresyon, evlilik uyumunun ve çocuğu algılama şeklinin değerlendirilmesi. T Clin J Psychiatry 2002;3:45-52.
  • Svedberg LE, Englund E, Malker H, Stener-Victorin E. Comparison of impact on mood, health, and daily living experiences of primary caregivers of walking and nonwalking children with cerebral palsy and provided community services support. Eur J Paediatric Neurol 2010;14:239-46.
  • Butcher PR, Wind T, Bouma A. Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of a child with a hemiparesis: sources of stress, intervening factors and long-term expressions of stress. Child Care Health Dev 2008;34:530-41.
  • Ketelaar M, Volman MJ, Gorter JW, Vermeer A. Stress in parents of children with cerebral palsy: what sources of stress are we talking about? Child Care Health Dev 2008;34:825-9.
  • Mobarak R, Khan NZ, Munir S, Zaman SS, McConachie H. Predictors of stress in mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh. J Pediatr Psychol 2000;25:427-33.
  • Brossard-Racine M, Hall N, Majnemer A, Shevell MI, Law M, Poulin C, at al. Behavioural problems in school age children with cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012;16:35-41.
  • McDermott S, Coker AL, Mani S, Krishnaswami S, Nagle RJ, Barnett- Queen LL, at al. A population-based analysis of behavior problems in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol 1996;21:447-63.
  • Karen W, Krigger MD. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. Am Fam Physician 2006;73:91-100.
  • Glenn S, Cunningham C, Poole H, Reeves D, Weindling M. Maternal parenting stress and its correlates in families with a young child with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev. 2009;35:71-8.
  • Weiss KL, Marvin RS, Pianta RC. Etnographic detection and description of family strategies for child care: applications to the study of cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Psychol 1997;22:263-78.
  • Button S, Marvin RS, Pianta RC. Partner support and maternal stress in families raising young children with cerebral palsy. J Dev Phys Disabil 2001;13:61-81.
  • Ireys H, Anderson G, Shaffer T, Neff J. Expenditures for care of children with chronic illnesses enrolled in Washington State Medicaid program, fiscal year 1993. Pediatrics 1997;100:197-204.
  • Sundrum R, Logan S, Wallace A, Spencer N. Cerebral palsy and socioeconomic status: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:15-18.
  • Doğan O, Özbek H, Gülmez H, Coşkunerden C. Kadınlarda ruhsal belirtilerin yaygınlığı. Düşünen Adam 1989;3:13-7.
  • Fergusson DM, Lynskey MT, Horwood LJ. The effect of maternal depression on maternal ratings of child behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1993;21:245-69.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Selvin Balki

Özden Canbay

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Balki S, Canbay Ö (01 Aralık 2012) Serebral Palsili Çocukların Anne-Babalarında Depresyon Seviyesini Belirleyen Değişkenler. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 4 242–249.