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An Evidence-Based Approach To Pain Control: Reflexology

Year 2014, Issue: 1, 9 - 14, 01.03.2014

Esra Akın Korkan Meltem Uyar

Abstract

In recent years, non-pharmacological complementary or alternative treatment methods are increasingly used in health care, physical and spiritual recovery, and the achievement of relaxation, and in the present day nonpharmacological methods are of benefit in situations where pharmacological methods cannot be used to control pain, or in order to enhance the effects of pharmacological treatment. Reflexology, which is one of these methods, the effectiveness has been demonstrated in recent years with increasing number of research results, clinical use is recommended. Reflexology, “all the glands, organs and body parts that are associated with the hands, feet and reflex points of the ears, hand-applied, a technique that helps normalize body functions are defined as”. An examination of the literature shows that reflexology is used in many fields such as the management of chronic illnesses and their symptoms, pain control, and anxiety and depression. Studies have shown that reflexology is an effective method particularly as a support in pain control treatment. This article will include a literature review of the effectiveness of reflexology in pain control

Keywords

pain pain control non-pharmacological methods reflexology

References

  • Özer S, Akyürek B, Başbakkal Z. Hemşirelerin ağrı ile ilgili bilgi, davranış ve klinik karar verme yeteneklerinin incelenmesi. Ağrı Dergisi 2006;18:36-43.
  • Yentür A. Ağrı ve Yaşam Kalitesi. 2. Sağlıkta Yaşam Kalitesi Kongresi Kitabı. İzmir: Meta Basım; 2007.
  • Pirbudak Çöçelli L, Bacaksız D.B, Ovayolu N. Ağrı Tedavisinde Hemşirenin Rolü. Gaziantep Tıp Dergisi 2008;14:53–58.
  • Nadler D.O, Scott F. Nonpharmacologic management of pain. JAOA 2004;104:6-12.
  • Babacan A, Akçalı DT. Ağrı ve Tedavisi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları; 1999.
  • Yücel A, Özyalçın N.S. Çocukluk çağında ağrı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitap Evleri; 2002.
  • Durmaz B. Ağrı Mekanizmaları. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg 1998;44:14-20.
  • Aslan F.E, Badır A. Ağrı kontrol gerçeği: Hemşirelerin ağrının doğası, değerlendirilmesi ve geçirilmesine ilişkin bilgi ve inançları. Ağrı 2005;2:44-51.
  • Aslan FE. Ağrı değerlendirme yöntemleri. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2002;6:9-16.
  • Özveren H, Uçar H. Öğrenci hemşirelerin ağrı kontrolünde kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan bazı yöntemlere ilişkin bilgileri. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 2009;59-72.
  • Cheever K. Reducing the effects of acute pain in critically ill patients. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing1999;18:14–23.
  • Handcock H. The complexity of pain assessment and management in the first 24 hours after cardiac surgery: Implications for nurses. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 1999;12:346–353.
  • Türkoğlu M. Kanser ağrısı. Editör: İbrahim Yeğül. Ağrı ve Tedavisi. 1. Basım. İzmir: Yapım Matbaacılık; 1993.
  • Kocaman G. Ağrı: Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları. 1. Basım. İzmir: Saray Medikal Yayıncılık; 1994.
  • Badır A, Eti Aslan F. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çok konuşulan, az sorgulanan bir konu: Ağrı. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireler Dergisi 2003;7:100-108.
  • Stanik-Hutt J.A, Soeken K.L, Belcner A.E, Fontaine D.K, Gift A. Pain experience of traumatically injured patients in a critical care setting. American Journal of Critical Care 2001;10:252–259.
  • Young J, Siffleet J, Nikoletti S. Use of behavioral pain scale to assess pain inventilated, unconscious and/or sedated patients. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 2006;22:32–39.
  • Pasero C. Pain in the critically illpatient. Journal of PeriAnestezia Nursing 2003;6:422–425.
  • Cheever K. Reducing the effects ofacute pain in critically ill patients. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing 1999;18(3):14–23.
  • Brown A.K, Chiristo P.J, W CL. Strategies for postoperative pain management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 2004;18:703–717.
  • Çeliker R. Kronik Ağrı sendromları. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg 2005;(Özel Sayı 51):14-18.
  • Karaöz S. Kronik ağrısı olan hastalarda ağrının hafifletilmesinde psikolojik yaklaşımlar. II Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi Bildirileri Kitabı. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, İzmir; 1990.
  • Soy M, Üstü Y, Dinç A. Romatoloji hastasına yaklaşım. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi 2000; Mayıs.
  • Black J.M, Jacobs E.M. Medical surgical nursing, W.B. Saunders Company; 1993.
  • Potter P.A, Perry A.G. Fundamentals of nursing, concept, process and practice, Third Edition, Mosby Year Book;1992.
  • Önal A. Kanser ağrısı, Ağrı Kitabı. Editör:S.Erdine Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Alemdar Ofset;2000.
  • Bishop E. Reflexology in the management of encopresis and chronic constipation, Paediatric Nursing 2003;15:20-21.
  • Milligan M, Fanning M, Hunter S. et al. Reflexology audit: patient satisfaction, impact on quality of life and availability in scottish hospices. International Journal Of Palliative Nursing 2002;8:489-496.
  • Quattrin, R, Zanini, A, Buchini S. Use of reflexology foot massage to reduce anxiety in hospitalized cancer patients in chemotherapy treatment: methodology and outcomes. Journal of Management Nursing 2006;14:96-105.
  • Andrews S, Dempsey B. Acupressure and reflexology. Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc Indianapolis; 2007.
  • Gunnarsdottir TJ, Jonsdottir HJ. Does the experimental design capture the effects of complementary therapy? A study using reflexology for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2007;16:777-785.
  • O’Mathuna, D.P.O. Reflexology for relaxation. Alternative Therapies in Women’s Health 2007;9:17-24.
  • Magill, L, Berenson S. The conjoint use of music therapy and reflexology with hospitalized advanced stage cancer patients and their families. Palliative and Supportive Care 2008;6:289-296.
  • Kim JI, Lee MS, Kang JW, Choi DY, Ernzt E. Reflexology for the symptomatic treatment of breast cancer: A systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther 2010;9:326-330.
  • Launso L, Brendstrup E, Arnberg S. An exploratory study of reflexological treatment for headache. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 1999;5:57-65.
  • Stephenson N.L.N, Dalton JA. Using reflexology for pain management: A review. J Holist Nurs 2003;21:179.
  • Gwen W. Breast cancer patients turn to reflexology for comfort, Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2005;October:449.
  • Stephenson N.N. The effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. University of South Carolina. Psychology Doctor of Thesis, South Carolina;1997.
  • Cade M. Reflexology. The Kansas Nurse 2002;77:5-7.
  • Kulik D. Reflexology and massage in the treatment of type II diabetic neuropathy. University of Pacific Stockton California Psychology Master of Thesis, California;2002.
  • Bolsoy N. Perimenstrüel distresin hafifletilmesinde refleksolojinin etkinliğinin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İzmir;2008.
  • Stephenson N, Swanson M, Dalton J. et al. Partner- delivered reflexology: effects on cancer pain and anxiety. Oncology Nursing Forum 2007;34:127-132.
  • Hughes C.M, Smyth S, Lowe-Strong A.S. Reflexology for the treatment of pain in people with multiple sclerosis: A double-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial. Mult Scler 2009;15:1329.
  • Tabur H, Başaran E. Refleksolojiye giriş. I. Baskı, İzmir: Birleşik Matbaacılık;2008.
  • Ricks S. Reflexology practice. Positive Health 2005;February:27-30.
  • Martin M. The art & science reflexology. Positive Health 2004;June:20.
  • Schollmeesters L.J. The effect of reflexology on joint pain. Case Western Reserve University Psychology Doctor of Thesis, Ohoi;2005.
  • Xavier R. Facts on reflexology. Nursing Journal Of India 2007;98:11-12.
  • Dolatian M, Hasanpour A, Montazeri S, Heshmat R, Alavi Majd H. The effect of reflexology on pain ıntensity and duration of labor on primiparas. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011;13:475-479.
  • Smith CA, Levett KM, Collins CT, Jones L. Massage, reflexology and other manual methods for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;15:2.
  • Stephenson N.L.N, Weinrich S.P, Tvakoli A.S. The effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2000;27: 1.
  • Park J.W, Yoo H.R, Lee H.S. Effects of foot reflex zone massage on patients pain and sleep satisfaction following mastectomy, J Korean Acad Soc Home Care Nurs 2006; 13:54-60.
  • Sharp D.M, Walker M.B, Chaturvedi A. et al. A Randomised controlled trial of the psychological effects of reflexology in early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:3 12-322.
  • Wyatt G, Sikorskii A, Rahbar M.H, Victorson D, You M. Health- related quality-of-life outcomes: a reflexology trial with patients with advanced-stage breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2012;39:568-77.
  • Eghbali M, Safari R, Nazari F, Abdoli S. The effects of reflexology on chronic low back pain intensity in nurses employed in hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2012;17:239-43.
  • Khan S, Otter S, Springett K. The effects of reflexology on foot pain and quality of life in a patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case repor. The Foot 2006;16:112-116.
  • Siev-Ner, D Gamus, L Lerner-Geva, A Achiron. Refiexology treatment relieves symptoms of multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study. Mult Scler 2003;9: 356-361.
  • Gunnarsdottir T.J, Peden-McAlpine C.P. Effects of reflexology on fibromyalgia symptoms: A multiple case study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2010;16:167-172.
  • Hodgson N.A, Anderson S. The clinical efficacy of rexlexology in nursing home residents with dementia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2008;14:269-275.
  • Özdemir G, Ovayolu N, Ovayolu O. The effect of reflexology applied on haemodialysis patients with fatigue, pain and cramps. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013;19:265-73.
  • Samuel C.A, Ebenezer I.S. Exploratory study on the efficacy of reflexology for pain threshold and tolerance using an ice-pain experiment and sham TENS control. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013;19:57-62.

Ağrı Kontrolünde Kanıt Temelli Yaklaşım: Refleksoloji

Year 2014, Issue: 1, 9 - 14, 01.03.2014

Esra Akın Korkan Meltem Uyar

Abstract

Son yıllarda sağlık bakımında, fiziksel ve ruhsal iyileşmede, relaksasyonu sağlamada farmakolojik olmayan, tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavi yöntemlerin kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Günümüzde ağrı kontrolünde farmakolojik yöntemlerin kullanılamadığı durumlarda veya farmakolojik yöntemin etkisini artırmak için farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerden de yararlanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden biri olan refleksolojinin son yıllarda sayıları giderek artan araştırma sonuçları ile etkinliği kanıtlanmakta, klinik kullanımı önerilmektedir. Refleksoloji, “tüm salgı bezleri, organlar ve vücut bölümleri ile ilişkili olan ellerde, ayaklarda ve kulaklardaki refleks noktalarına elle uygulanan, vücut fonksiyonlarının normalleşmesine yardım eden bir teknik” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde, refleksolojinin kronik hastalıklar ve semptomlarının yönetimi, ağrı kontrolü, anksiyete ve depresyon gibi birçok alanda kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar refleksolojinin özellikle ağrı kontrolünde tedaviyi destekleyici, etkili bir yöntem olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu makalede ağrı kontrolünde, refleksolojinin etkinliğine literatür eşliğinde yer verilecektir

Keywords

ağrı ağrı kontrolü farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler refleksoloji

References

  • Özer S, Akyürek B, Başbakkal Z. Hemşirelerin ağrı ile ilgili bilgi, davranış ve klinik karar verme yeteneklerinin incelenmesi. Ağrı Dergisi 2006;18:36-43.
  • Yentür A. Ağrı ve Yaşam Kalitesi. 2. Sağlıkta Yaşam Kalitesi Kongresi Kitabı. İzmir: Meta Basım; 2007.
  • Pirbudak Çöçelli L, Bacaksız D.B, Ovayolu N. Ağrı Tedavisinde Hemşirenin Rolü. Gaziantep Tıp Dergisi 2008;14:53–58.
  • Nadler D.O, Scott F. Nonpharmacologic management of pain. JAOA 2004;104:6-12.
  • Babacan A, Akçalı DT. Ağrı ve Tedavisi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları; 1999.
  • Yücel A, Özyalçın N.S. Çocukluk çağında ağrı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitap Evleri; 2002.
  • Durmaz B. Ağrı Mekanizmaları. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg 1998;44:14-20.
  • Aslan F.E, Badır A. Ağrı kontrol gerçeği: Hemşirelerin ağrının doğası, değerlendirilmesi ve geçirilmesine ilişkin bilgi ve inançları. Ağrı 2005;2:44-51.
  • Aslan FE. Ağrı değerlendirme yöntemleri. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2002;6:9-16.
  • Özveren H, Uçar H. Öğrenci hemşirelerin ağrı kontrolünde kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan bazı yöntemlere ilişkin bilgileri. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 2009;59-72.
  • Cheever K. Reducing the effects of acute pain in critically ill patients. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing1999;18:14–23.
  • Handcock H. The complexity of pain assessment and management in the first 24 hours after cardiac surgery: Implications for nurses. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 1999;12:346–353.
  • Türkoğlu M. Kanser ağrısı. Editör: İbrahim Yeğül. Ağrı ve Tedavisi. 1. Basım. İzmir: Yapım Matbaacılık; 1993.
  • Kocaman G. Ağrı: Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları. 1. Basım. İzmir: Saray Medikal Yayıncılık; 1994.
  • Badır A, Eti Aslan F. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çok konuşulan, az sorgulanan bir konu: Ağrı. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireler Dergisi 2003;7:100-108.
  • Stanik-Hutt J.A, Soeken K.L, Belcner A.E, Fontaine D.K, Gift A. Pain experience of traumatically injured patients in a critical care setting. American Journal of Critical Care 2001;10:252–259.
  • Young J, Siffleet J, Nikoletti S. Use of behavioral pain scale to assess pain inventilated, unconscious and/or sedated patients. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 2006;22:32–39.
  • Pasero C. Pain in the critically illpatient. Journal of PeriAnestezia Nursing 2003;6:422–425.
  • Cheever K. Reducing the effects ofacute pain in critically ill patients. Dimens of Critical Care Nursing 1999;18(3):14–23.
  • Brown A.K, Chiristo P.J, W CL. Strategies for postoperative pain management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology 2004;18:703–717.
  • Çeliker R. Kronik Ağrı sendromları. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg 2005;(Özel Sayı 51):14-18.
  • Karaöz S. Kronik ağrısı olan hastalarda ağrının hafifletilmesinde psikolojik yaklaşımlar. II Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi Bildirileri Kitabı. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, İzmir; 1990.
  • Soy M, Üstü Y, Dinç A. Romatoloji hastasına yaklaşım. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi 2000; Mayıs.
  • Black J.M, Jacobs E.M. Medical surgical nursing, W.B. Saunders Company; 1993.
  • Potter P.A, Perry A.G. Fundamentals of nursing, concept, process and practice, Third Edition, Mosby Year Book;1992.
  • Önal A. Kanser ağrısı, Ağrı Kitabı. Editör:S.Erdine Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Alemdar Ofset;2000.
  • Bishop E. Reflexology in the management of encopresis and chronic constipation, Paediatric Nursing 2003;15:20-21.
  • Milligan M, Fanning M, Hunter S. et al. Reflexology audit: patient satisfaction, impact on quality of life and availability in scottish hospices. International Journal Of Palliative Nursing 2002;8:489-496.
  • Quattrin, R, Zanini, A, Buchini S. Use of reflexology foot massage to reduce anxiety in hospitalized cancer patients in chemotherapy treatment: methodology and outcomes. Journal of Management Nursing 2006;14:96-105.
  • Andrews S, Dempsey B. Acupressure and reflexology. Indiana: Wiley Publishing Inc Indianapolis; 2007.
  • Gunnarsdottir TJ, Jonsdottir HJ. Does the experimental design capture the effects of complementary therapy? A study using reflexology for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2007;16:777-785.
  • O’Mathuna, D.P.O. Reflexology for relaxation. Alternative Therapies in Women’s Health 2007;9:17-24.
  • Magill, L, Berenson S. The conjoint use of music therapy and reflexology with hospitalized advanced stage cancer patients and their families. Palliative and Supportive Care 2008;6:289-296.
  • Kim JI, Lee MS, Kang JW, Choi DY, Ernzt E. Reflexology for the symptomatic treatment of breast cancer: A systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther 2010;9:326-330.
  • Launso L, Brendstrup E, Arnberg S. An exploratory study of reflexological treatment for headache. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 1999;5:57-65.
  • Stephenson N.L.N, Dalton JA. Using reflexology for pain management: A review. J Holist Nurs 2003;21:179.
  • Gwen W. Breast cancer patients turn to reflexology for comfort, Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2005;October:449.
  • Stephenson N.N. The effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. University of South Carolina. Psychology Doctor of Thesis, South Carolina;1997.
  • Cade M. Reflexology. The Kansas Nurse 2002;77:5-7.
  • Kulik D. Reflexology and massage in the treatment of type II diabetic neuropathy. University of Pacific Stockton California Psychology Master of Thesis, California;2002.
  • Bolsoy N. Perimenstrüel distresin hafifletilmesinde refleksolojinin etkinliğinin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, İzmir;2008.
  • Stephenson N, Swanson M, Dalton J. et al. Partner- delivered reflexology: effects on cancer pain and anxiety. Oncology Nursing Forum 2007;34:127-132.
  • Hughes C.M, Smyth S, Lowe-Strong A.S. Reflexology for the treatment of pain in people with multiple sclerosis: A double-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial. Mult Scler 2009;15:1329.
  • Tabur H, Başaran E. Refleksolojiye giriş. I. Baskı, İzmir: Birleşik Matbaacılık;2008.
  • Ricks S. Reflexology practice. Positive Health 2005;February:27-30.
  • Martin M. The art & science reflexology. Positive Health 2004;June:20.
  • Schollmeesters L.J. The effect of reflexology on joint pain. Case Western Reserve University Psychology Doctor of Thesis, Ohoi;2005.
  • Xavier R. Facts on reflexology. Nursing Journal Of India 2007;98:11-12.
  • Dolatian M, Hasanpour A, Montazeri S, Heshmat R, Alavi Majd H. The effect of reflexology on pain ıntensity and duration of labor on primiparas. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011;13:475-479.
  • Smith CA, Levett KM, Collins CT, Jones L. Massage, reflexology and other manual methods for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;15:2.
  • Stephenson N.L.N, Weinrich S.P, Tvakoli A.S. The effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2000;27: 1.
  • Park J.W, Yoo H.R, Lee H.S. Effects of foot reflex zone massage on patients pain and sleep satisfaction following mastectomy, J Korean Acad Soc Home Care Nurs 2006; 13:54-60.
  • Sharp D.M, Walker M.B, Chaturvedi A. et al. A Randomised controlled trial of the psychological effects of reflexology in early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:3 12-322.
  • Wyatt G, Sikorskii A, Rahbar M.H, Victorson D, You M. Health- related quality-of-life outcomes: a reflexology trial with patients with advanced-stage breast cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2012;39:568-77.
  • Eghbali M, Safari R, Nazari F, Abdoli S. The effects of reflexology on chronic low back pain intensity in nurses employed in hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2012;17:239-43.
  • Khan S, Otter S, Springett K. The effects of reflexology on foot pain and quality of life in a patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case repor. The Foot 2006;16:112-116.
  • Siev-Ner, D Gamus, L Lerner-Geva, A Achiron. Refiexology treatment relieves symptoms of multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study. Mult Scler 2003;9: 356-361.
  • Gunnarsdottir T.J, Peden-McAlpine C.P. Effects of reflexology on fibromyalgia symptoms: A multiple case study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2010;16:167-172.
  • Hodgson N.A, Anderson S. The clinical efficacy of rexlexology in nursing home residents with dementia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2008;14:269-275.
  • Özdemir G, Ovayolu N, Ovayolu O. The effect of reflexology applied on haemodialysis patients with fatigue, pain and cramps. Int J Nurs Pract. 2013;19:265-73.
  • Samuel C.A, Ebenezer I.S. Exploratory study on the efficacy of reflexology for pain threshold and tolerance using an ice-pain experiment and sham TENS control. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2013;19:57-62.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Esra Akın Korkan

Meltem Uyar

Publication Date March 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Korkan EA, Uyar M (March 1, 2014) Ağrı Kontrolünde Kanıt Temelli Yaklaşım: Refleksoloji. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 1 9–14.