The Effect of 900Mhz Electromagnetic Field On Rat Spinal Cord In The Prenatal Period: a Histopathological Investigation
Öz
Objective: Technological devices, which are introduced into our daily lives and radiate increasingly more electromagnetic waves with a certain frequency, expose people to an electromagnetic field. It is also well known that electromagnetic fields caused by these devices have certain adverse effects on the embryonic and pubertal development, and cause pathological changes in the tissues. Pathological changes, which emerge as a result of the damages in the spinal tissue, may cause signal conduction problems in the brain, and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, in our study, we investigated with histopathological analysis techniques the changes in the spinal tissue of rats during the prenatal period that were exposed to an electromagnetic field frequency: 900MHz .Materials and Methods: Total 18 rats 6 pregnant Spraque-Dawley female rats and 12 baby rats delivered by these rats were included into our study. We divided the rats into two groups as electromagnetic field group and control group. The electromagnetic group consisted of 6 newborn rats, which were exposed to the electromagnetic field during the prenatal period. Pregnant rats in the electromagnetic field group were exposed to a magnetic field of 900MHz radio frequency with a digital signal generator ER device that was placed in the center of the cage for 24 hours and 20 days. Newborn rats were kept 60 days for the pubertal stage development, and then they were anesthetized.Results: We observed that the neuronal perikaryon and oligodendrocytes in the samples of the electromagnetic field group had pyknotic nuclear structures. We also determined that the Kaspaz-3 positive cells were increased in the neurons and oligodendrocytes in the gray matter of the spinal tissue samples in the electromagnetic field group compared to the control group p=0.0001, p
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- İkinci A, Mercantepe T, Unal D, Erol HS, Şahin A, Aslan A, et al. Morphological and antioxidant impairments in the spinal cord of male offspring rats following exposure to a continuous 900MHz electromagnetic field during early and mid-adolescence. J Chem Neuroanat 2016;75:99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jchemneu.2015.11.006
- Valberg PA, van Deventer E, Repacholi MH. Workgroup report: Base stations and wireless networks - Radiofrequency (RF) exposures and health consequences. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:416–24. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9633
- Bedir R, Tumkaya L, Sehitoğlu İ, Kalkan Y, Yilmaz A, Şahin OZ. The effect of exposure of rats during prenatal period to radiation spreading from mobile phones on renal development. Ren Fail 2015;37:305–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2014.985995
- Feychting M, Ahlbom A, Kheifets L. EMF and Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2005;26:165–89. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev. publhealth.26.021304.144445
- Kerimoğlu G, Aslan A, Baş O, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. Adverse effects in lumbar spinal cord morphology and tissue biochemistry in Sprague Dawley male rats following exposure to a continuous 1-h a day 900-MHz electromagnetic field throughout adolescence. J Chem Neuroanat 2016;78:125–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jchemneu.2016.09.007
- Tumkaya L, Kalkan Y, Bas O, Yilmaz A. Mobile phone radiation during pubertal development has no effect on testicular histology in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016;32:328–36. https://doi. org/10.1177/0748233713500820
- Ross CL, Syed I, Smith TL, Harrison BS. The regenerative effects of electromagnetic field on spinal cord injury. Electromagn Biol Med 2017;36:74-87. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2016.1160408
- Kerimoğlu G, Mercantepe T, Erol HS, Turgut A, Kaya H, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. Effects of long-term exposure to 900 megahertz electromagnetic field on heart morphology and biochemistry of male adolescent rats. Biotech Histochem 2016;91:445–54. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2016.1216165
- Hancı H, Türedi S, Topal Z, Mercantepe T, Bozkurt I, Kaya H, et al. Can prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field affect the morphology of the spleen and thymus, and alter biomarkers of oxidative damage in 21-day-old male rats? Biotech Histochem 2015;90:535–43. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520295.2015.1042051
- Topal Z, Hancı H, Mercantepe T, Erol HS, Keles ON, Kaya H, et al. The effects of prenatal long-duration exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old newborn male rat liver. Turkish J Med Sci 2015;45:291–7. https://doi.org/10.3906/ sag-1404-168
- Odaci E, Unal D, Mercantepe T, Topal Z, Hancı H, Türedi S, et al. Pathological effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat kidney. Biotech Histochem 2015;90:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520295.2014.94 7322
- Köktürk S, Yardimoglu M, Celikozlu SD, Dolanbay EG, Cimbiz A. Effect of Lycopersicon esculentum extract on apoptosis in the rat cerebellum, following prenatal and postnatal exposure to an electromagnetic field. Exp Ther Med 2013;6:52–6. https://doi. org/10.3892/etm.2013.1123
- Mackenzie SH, Clark AC. Death by Caspase Dimerization. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012;747. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3229-6_4
- Wickman G, Julian L, Olson MF. How apoptotic cells aid in the removal of their own cold dead bodies. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:735–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2012.25
- Folch J, Alvira D, López-Querol M, Tajes M, Sureda FX, Rimbau V, et al. Evaluation of transcriptional activity of caspase-3 gene as a marker of acute neurotoxicity in rat cerebellar granular cells. Toxicol Vitr 2010;24:465–71.
- Snigdha S, Smith ED, Prieto GA, Cotman CW. Caspase-3 activation as a bifurcation point between plasticity and cell death. Neurosci Bull 2012;28:14–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-012-1057-5
- Balaguru S, Uppal R, Vaid RP, Kumar BP. Investigation of the spinal cord as a natural receptor antenna for incident electromagnetic waves and possible impact on the central nervous system. Electromagn Biol Med 2012;31:101–11. https://doi.org/10.3109/153 68378.2011.624653
Prenatal Dönemde 900Mhz Elektromanyetik Alanın Sıçan Omurilik Dokusu Üzerine Etkilerinin Histopatolojik Olarak İncelenmesi
Öz
Amaç: Günümüzde yaşantımıza giren ve giderek artan belli bir frekansta elektromanyetik dalga yayılımına neden olan teknolojik cihazlar insanları elektromanyetik alana maruz bırakmaktadır. Bu cihazlar tarafından yayılan elektromanyetik alanın embriyonal ve pubertal gelişim süresince olumsuz etkilere neden olduğu ve dokularda patolojik değişikliklere sebep olduğu bilinmektedir. Omurilik, dokusunda gelişebilecek hasar sonucunda ortaya çıkabilecek patolojik değişiklikler beyin ve periferik sinir sistemi arasındaki sinyal iletiminde sorunlara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda prenatal dönemde histopatolojik analiz teknikleriyle 900MHz frekansında elektromanyetik alana maruz bırakılan sıçanların omurilik dokusunda meydana gelen değişiklikleri araştırılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 6 adet gebe Sprague-Dawley dişi sıçan ve bu gebe sıçanlardan elde edilen 12 adet yavrularından olmak üzere toplam 18 adet sıçan kullanıldı. Çalışmamız kontrol ve elektromanyetik alan olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Elektromanyetik alan grubu, doğum öncesi dönemde elektromanyetik alana maruz bırakılmış altı yeni doğmuş sıçandan oluşmaktadır. Elektromanyetik alan grubuna ait gebe sıçanların bulunduğu kafeslerin ortasına 20 gün süreyle 24 saat boyunca dijital sinyal üreteci ER cihazı ile 900MHz radyo frekansı ile manyetik alana maruz bırakıldı. Yeni doğan sıçanlar pubertal evre gelişimi için 60 gün bekletildikten sonra uyutulmuştur.Bulgular: Elektromanyetik alan grubuna ait örnekler incelendiğinde özelikle nöronların perikaryonları ve oligodendrositlerin piknotik çekirdek yapılarına sahip olduklarını gözlemledik. Elektromanyetik alan grubu omurilik doku örneklerinin gri cevherlerindeki nöronlarda ve oligodendrositlerde Kaspaz-3 pozitif hücre sayısı kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı olarak artmış olduğu saptanmıştır p=0,001, p
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- İkinci A, Mercantepe T, Unal D, Erol HS, Şahin A, Aslan A, et al. Morphological and antioxidant impairments in the spinal cord of male offspring rats following exposure to a continuous 900MHz electromagnetic field during early and mid-adolescence. J Chem Neuroanat 2016;75:99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jchemneu.2015.11.006
- Valberg PA, van Deventer E, Repacholi MH. Workgroup report: Base stations and wireless networks - Radiofrequency (RF) exposures and health consequences. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:416–24. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9633
- Bedir R, Tumkaya L, Sehitoğlu İ, Kalkan Y, Yilmaz A, Şahin OZ. The effect of exposure of rats during prenatal period to radiation spreading from mobile phones on renal development. Ren Fail 2015;37:305–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/0886022X.2014.985995
- Feychting M, Ahlbom A, Kheifets L. EMF and Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2005;26:165–89. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev. publhealth.26.021304.144445
- Kerimoğlu G, Aslan A, Baş O, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. Adverse effects in lumbar spinal cord morphology and tissue biochemistry in Sprague Dawley male rats following exposure to a continuous 1-h a day 900-MHz electromagnetic field throughout adolescence. J Chem Neuroanat 2016;78:125–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jchemneu.2016.09.007
- Tumkaya L, Kalkan Y, Bas O, Yilmaz A. Mobile phone radiation during pubertal development has no effect on testicular histology in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016;32:328–36. https://doi. org/10.1177/0748233713500820
- Ross CL, Syed I, Smith TL, Harrison BS. The regenerative effects of electromagnetic field on spinal cord injury. Electromagn Biol Med 2017;36:74-87. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2016.1160408
- Kerimoğlu G, Mercantepe T, Erol HS, Turgut A, Kaya H, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. Effects of long-term exposure to 900 megahertz electromagnetic field on heart morphology and biochemistry of male adolescent rats. Biotech Histochem 2016;91:445–54. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2016.1216165
- Hancı H, Türedi S, Topal Z, Mercantepe T, Bozkurt I, Kaya H, et al. Can prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field affect the morphology of the spleen and thymus, and alter biomarkers of oxidative damage in 21-day-old male rats? Biotech Histochem 2015;90:535–43. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520295.2015.1042051
- Topal Z, Hancı H, Mercantepe T, Erol HS, Keles ON, Kaya H, et al. The effects of prenatal long-duration exposure to 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old newborn male rat liver. Turkish J Med Sci 2015;45:291–7. https://doi.org/10.3906/ sag-1404-168
- Odaci E, Unal D, Mercantepe T, Topal Z, Hancı H, Türedi S, et al. Pathological effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat kidney. Biotech Histochem 2015;90:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520295.2014.94 7322
- Köktürk S, Yardimoglu M, Celikozlu SD, Dolanbay EG, Cimbiz A. Effect of Lycopersicon esculentum extract on apoptosis in the rat cerebellum, following prenatal and postnatal exposure to an electromagnetic field. Exp Ther Med 2013;6:52–6. https://doi. org/10.3892/etm.2013.1123
- Mackenzie SH, Clark AC. Death by Caspase Dimerization. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012;747. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3229-6_4
- Wickman G, Julian L, Olson MF. How apoptotic cells aid in the removal of their own cold dead bodies. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:735–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2012.25
- Folch J, Alvira D, López-Querol M, Tajes M, Sureda FX, Rimbau V, et al. Evaluation of transcriptional activity of caspase-3 gene as a marker of acute neurotoxicity in rat cerebellar granular cells. Toxicol Vitr 2010;24:465–71.
- Snigdha S, Smith ED, Prieto GA, Cotman CW. Caspase-3 activation as a bifurcation point between plasticity and cell death. Neurosci Bull 2012;28:14–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-012-1057-5
- Balaguru S, Uppal R, Vaid RP, Kumar BP. Investigation of the spinal cord as a natural receptor antenna for incident electromagnetic waves and possible impact on the central nervous system. Electromagn Biol Med 2012;31:101–11. https://doi.org/10.3109/153 68378.2011.624653
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Research Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018Sayı: 2 |