Experiences and Needs of Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A phenomenological Study

Elif Işık; Sevil Çınar Özbay; Deniz S. Yorulmaz

doi:10.31067/acusaglik.1068013

Research Article

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Experiences and Needs of Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A phenomenological Study

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 630 - 639, 01.10.2022

Elif Işık , Sevil Çınar Özbay , Deniz S. Yorulmaz

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1068013

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted by using the qualitative study method descriptive phenomenological approach in order to explore the experiences and needs of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods and Materials: This study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach. The Questionnaire Form and the Semi-Structured Interview Form were used for data collection.
Results: Themes and sub-themes as a result of interviews with nurses were the effects of the pandemic (psychological effects, working conditions, social effects), fear and worries (stress and uncertainty, infecting beloved ones and others), satisfaction (motivation of being a nurse, care for patients with COVID-19 and interaction with them, team harmony and positive energy), needs(need for auxillary staff, need for additional nurses, need for psychological support), occupational health and safety (difficulties and pressures related to personal protective equipment, thermal comfort issues, nutritional problems, occupational accidents, relationship between COVID-19 and occupational disease).
Conclusion: Nurses who cared for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey were negatively affected by the pandemic both psychologically and socially.

Keywords

COVID-19, nursing, needs, phenomenology

References

1. Cowling BJ, Leung GM. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25(6):2000110.
2. Guest JL, Del Rio C, Sanchez T. The three steps needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic: bold public health leadership, rapid innovations, and courageous political will. JMIR Public Heal Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19043.
3. Shi Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang G, Hashimoto K, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19. Brain, Behav Immunity-Health. 2020;100064.
4. Karasu F. Koronavirus (COVID-19) Vakaları Artarken Salgının Ön Safındaki Bir Yoğun Bakım Hemşiresi:“Cephede Duran Kahramanlar.” Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Derg. 2020;24(1):11–4.
5. Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: a qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;0020764020942788.
6. Jun J, Tucker S, Melnyk BM. Clinician Mental Health and Well‐Being During Global Healthcare Crises: Evidence Learned From Prior Epidemics for COVID‐19 Pandemic. Worldviews Evidence‐Based Nurs. 2020;
7. Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(6):592–8.
8. Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2020;4(5):347–9.
9. Jia Y, Chen O, Xiao Z, Xiao J, Bian J, Jia H. Nurses’ ethical challenges caring for people with COVID-19: A qualitative study. Nurs Ethics. 2020;0969733020944453.
10. Husserl E. Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology, trans. Dorion Cairns (The Hague Martinus Nijhoff, 1960). 1960;70.
11. Creswell JW, Poth CN. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications; 2016.
12. Yildirim A, Simsek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastirma yontemleri. Ankara: Seçkin. 2008;
13. Fawaz M, Samaha A. The psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to COVID-19: A qualitative study of Lebanese health care workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;
14. Zhang Y, Wei L, Li H, Pan Y, Wang J, Li Q, et al. The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2020;1–6.
15. Mohammadi F, Farjam M, Gholampour Y, Tehranineshat B, Oshvandi K, Bijani M. Health Professionals’ Perception of Psychological Safety in Patients with Coronavirus (COVID-19). Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:785.
16. Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları. Introd Sect master theses Total 189 citations, Introd Sect. 2011;
17. Creswell JW, Miller DL. Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Pract. 2000;39(3):124–30.
18. Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Liao C, Wang N, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(5):1002–9.
19. Labrague LJ, De los Santos JAA. COVID‐19 anxiety among front‐line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(7):1653–61.
20. Tu Z, He J, Zhou N. Sleep quality and mood symptoms in conscripted frontline nurse in Wuhan, China during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(26).
21. Çevik Aktura S, Özden G. Salgının psikolojik etkileri: covıd-19 hemşireleri. J Int Soc Res. 2020;13(73).
22. Rosa WE, Ferrell BR, Wiencek C. Increasing critical care nurse engagement of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Crit Care Nurse. 2020;40(6):e28–36.
23. Başol E. Hasta ile sağlık çalışanları (doktor ve hemşire) arasındaki iletişim sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Int Anatolia Acad Online J Soc Sci J. 2018;4(1):76–93.
24. Wu X, Zheng S, Huang J, Zheng Z, Xu M, Zhou Y. Contingency nursing management in designated hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak. Ann Glob Heal. 2020;86(1).
25. Yüncü V, Yılan Y. COVID-19 Pandemisinin Sağlık Çalışanlarına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Durum Analizi. Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences. 2020; 373-401.
26. ÇSGB. (2009). İş sağlığı ve güvenliğine ilişkin tehlike sınıfları listesi tebliği. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=16909&MevzuatTur=9&MevzuatTertip=5
27. Sarmasoğlu Ş, Çelik GHT, Korkmaz F. İnceleme: COVID-19 Hastalığından Korunmaya Yönelik Kişisel Koruyucu Ekipman Kullanımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Derg. 7(Özel Sayı):47–65.
28. Nacar H, Turan A. Pandemide Sağlık Çalışanlarının Kişisel Koruyucu Ekipman Kullanımına Bağlı Olumsuz Cilt Reaksiyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Anestezi ve Cerrahi Bilim Derg. 3(3):162–9.
29. Ong SWX, Tan YK, Sutjipto S, Chia PY, Young BE, Gum M, et al. Absence of contamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(5):614–6.
30. Kim K, Lee O. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of nurses on personal protective equipment: Response to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs. 2016;23(4):402–10.
31. Miranda FMA, Santana L de L, Pizzolato AC, Saquis LMM. Working conditions and the impact on the health of the nursing professionals in the context of covid-19. Cogitare enferm. 2020;25:e72702.
32. Gan WH, Lim JW, Koh D. Preventing intra-hospital infection and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in health-care workers. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(2):241–3.
33. Kiyat İ, Karaman S, Ataşen Gİ, Kiyat ZE. Yeni Koronavirüs (Covid-19) ile Mücadelede Hemşirelik. Türk Hemşireler Derneği Derg. 1(1):81–90.
34. Singh M, Pawar M, Bothra A, Maheshwari A, Dubey V, Tiwari A, et al. Personal protective equipment induced facial dermatoses in healthcare workers managing Coronavirus disease 2019. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2020;34(8):e378–80.
35. Lee HC, Goh CL. Occupational dermatoses from Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the tropics–A Review. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2020;
36. Akgün S. Sağlık sektöründe iş kazaları. Sağlık Akad Derg. 2015;2(2):67–75.
37. Şahan C, Özgür EA, Arkan G, Alagüney ME, Demiral Y. COVID-19 Pandemisi’nde meslek hastalığı tanı kılavuzu. İş ve Mesl Hast Uzm Derneği ve Halk Sağlığı Uzm Derneği. 2019;
38. Saatçı E. COVID-19 Pandemic and Family Medicine. Turkish J Fam Pract. 2020;24(2):56–7.
39. Alıcı NŞ, Beyan AC, Şimşek C. Meslek Hastalığı Olarak COVID-19. ğer Göğüs Hast Uzm Bilmesi Gerekenler’başlıklı ek sayısında derlemeyi. :151.

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 630 - 639, 01.10.2022

Elif Işık , Sevil Çınar Özbay , Deniz S. Yorulmaz

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1068013

Abstract

References

1. Cowling BJ, Leung GM. Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25(6):2000110.
2. Guest JL, Del Rio C, Sanchez T. The three steps needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic: bold public health leadership, rapid innovations, and courageous political will. JMIR Public Heal Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19043.
3. Shi Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang G, Hashimoto K, et al. Knowledge and attitudes of medical staff in Chinese psychiatric hospitals regarding COVID-19. Brain, Behav Immunity-Health. 2020;100064.
4. Karasu F. Koronavirus (COVID-19) Vakaları Artarken Salgının Ön Safındaki Bir Yoğun Bakım Hemşiresi:“Cephede Duran Kahramanlar.” Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Derg. 2020;24(1):11–4.
5. Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: a qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;0020764020942788.
6. Jun J, Tucker S, Melnyk BM. Clinician Mental Health and Well‐Being During Global Healthcare Crises: Evidence Learned From Prior Epidemics for COVID‐19 Pandemic. Worldviews Evidence‐Based Nurs. 2020;
7. Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L, et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(6):592–8.
8. Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J, Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2020;4(5):347–9.
9. Jia Y, Chen O, Xiao Z, Xiao J, Bian J, Jia H. Nurses’ ethical challenges caring for people with COVID-19: A qualitative study. Nurs Ethics. 2020;0969733020944453.
10. Husserl E. Cartesian meditations: An introduction to phenomenology, trans. Dorion Cairns (The Hague Martinus Nijhoff, 1960). 1960;70.
11. Creswell JW, Poth CN. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications; 2016.
12. Yildirim A, Simsek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastirma yontemleri. Ankara: Seçkin. 2008;
13. Fawaz M, Samaha A. The psychosocial effects of being quarantined following exposure to COVID-19: A qualitative study of Lebanese health care workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020;
14. Zhang Y, Wei L, Li H, Pan Y, Wang J, Li Q, et al. The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2020;1–6.
15. Mohammadi F, Farjam M, Gholampour Y, Tehranineshat B, Oshvandi K, Bijani M. Health Professionals’ Perception of Psychological Safety in Patients with Coronavirus (COVID-19). Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:785.
16. Yıldırım A, Şimşek H. Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları. Introd Sect master theses Total 189 citations, Introd Sect. 2011;
17. Creswell JW, Miller DL. Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Pract. 2000;39(3):124–30.
18. Mo Y, Deng L, Zhang L, Lang Q, Liao C, Wang N, et al. Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(5):1002–9.
19. Labrague LJ, De los Santos JAA. COVID‐19 anxiety among front‐line nurses: Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(7):1653–61.
20. Tu Z, He J, Zhou N. Sleep quality and mood symptoms in conscripted frontline nurse in Wuhan, China during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(26).
21. Çevik Aktura S, Özden G. Salgının psikolojik etkileri: covıd-19 hemşireleri. J Int Soc Res. 2020;13(73).
22. Rosa WE, Ferrell BR, Wiencek C. Increasing critical care nurse engagement of palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Crit Care Nurse. 2020;40(6):e28–36.
23. Başol E. Hasta ile sağlık çalışanları (doktor ve hemşire) arasındaki iletişim sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Int Anatolia Acad Online J Soc Sci J. 2018;4(1):76–93.
24. Wu X, Zheng S, Huang J, Zheng Z, Xu M, Zhou Y. Contingency nursing management in designated hospitals during COVID-19 outbreak. Ann Glob Heal. 2020;86(1).
25. Yüncü V, Yılan Y. COVID-19 Pandemisinin Sağlık Çalışanlarına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Durum Analizi. Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences. 2020; 373-401.
26. ÇSGB. (2009). İş sağlığı ve güvenliğine ilişkin tehlike sınıfları listesi tebliği. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=16909&MevzuatTur=9&MevzuatTertip=5
27. Sarmasoğlu Ş, Çelik GHT, Korkmaz F. İnceleme: COVID-19 Hastalığından Korunmaya Yönelik Kişisel Koruyucu Ekipman Kullanımı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Derg. 7(Özel Sayı):47–65.
28. Nacar H, Turan A. Pandemide Sağlık Çalışanlarının Kişisel Koruyucu Ekipman Kullanımına Bağlı Olumsuz Cilt Reaksiyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Çukurova Anestezi ve Cerrahi Bilim Derg. 3(3):162–9.
29. Ong SWX, Tan YK, Sutjipto S, Chia PY, Young BE, Gum M, et al. Absence of contamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(5):614–6.
30. Kim K, Lee O. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of nurses on personal protective equipment: Response to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs. 2016;23(4):402–10.
31. Miranda FMA, Santana L de L, Pizzolato AC, Saquis LMM. Working conditions and the impact on the health of the nursing professionals in the context of covid-19. Cogitare enferm. 2020;25:e72702.
32. Gan WH, Lim JW, Koh D. Preventing intra-hospital infection and transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 in health-care workers. Saf Health Work. 2020;11(2):241–3.
33. Kiyat İ, Karaman S, Ataşen Gİ, Kiyat ZE. Yeni Koronavirüs (Covid-19) ile Mücadelede Hemşirelik. Türk Hemşireler Derneği Derg. 1(1):81–90.
34. Singh M, Pawar M, Bothra A, Maheshwari A, Dubey V, Tiwari A, et al. Personal protective equipment induced facial dermatoses in healthcare workers managing Coronavirus disease 2019. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2020;34(8):e378–80.
35. Lee HC, Goh CL. Occupational dermatoses from Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the tropics–A Review. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2020;
36. Akgün S. Sağlık sektöründe iş kazaları. Sağlık Akad Derg. 2015;2(2):67–75.
37. Şahan C, Özgür EA, Arkan G, Alagüney ME, Demiral Y. COVID-19 Pandemisi’nde meslek hastalığı tanı kılavuzu. İş ve Mesl Hast Uzm Derneği ve Halk Sağlığı Uzm Derneği. 2019;
38. Saatçı E. COVID-19 Pandemic and Family Medicine. Turkish J Fam Pract. 2020;24(2):56–7.
39. Alıcı NŞ, Beyan AC, Şimşek C. Meslek Hastalığı Olarak COVID-19. ğer Göğüs Hast Uzm Bilmesi Gerekenler’başlıklı ek sayısında derlemeyi. :151.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Nursing
Journal Section	Research Article
Authors	Elif Işık 0000-0002-2998-159X Sevil Çınar Özbay 0000-0002-9281-1614 Deniz S. Yorulmaz 0000-0001-7115-5673
Publication Date	October 1, 2022
Submission Date	February 3, 2022
Published in Issue	Year 2022Volume: 13 Issue: 4

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EndNote	Işık E, Çınar Özbay S, Yorulmaz DS (October 1, 2022) Experiences and Needs of Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients: A phenomenological Study. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13 4 630–639.

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