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MERMER İŞÇİLERİ ÜZERİNE KESİTSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: MESLEKİ GÖZ SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 85 Sayı: 4, 548 - 556, 28.10.2022

İbrahim Ethem Ay Seher Palanbek Yavaş Caner Baysan

https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1134346

Öz

Amaç: İş sağlığı ve güvenliği çalışma yaşamının en önemli unsurlarından olup, sağlıklı ve güvenli bir ortamda çalışmak anayasal haklarımızdan birisidir. Mermer ocağında çalışan işçilerin mesleki göz sağlığının değerlendirilmesi de önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mermer ocağı işçilerinde kornea nebulası, kırılma kusuru, pterjiyum ve benzeri oküler yüzey hastalıklarının prevalansını ve bu hastalıkları etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mermer ocağında yapılan bu kesitsel çalışmaya katılmak isteyen tüm mermer ocağı çalışanları dahil edilmiştir. Yüz yirmi altı işçinin muayeneleri, portatif bir Snellen eşeli, portatif bir biyomikroskop ve fundus muayenesi için Volk 90D kullanılarak geniş, uygun şekilde aydınlatılmış bir odada yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 126 işçinin 83’ü (%65,9) göz sağlığı açısından yüksek riskli bir ortamda çalışmakta olup, 32’sinde (%25,4) göz hastalığı tespit edilmiştir. On dokuzunda (%15,1) kırılma kusuru, 11’inde (%8,7) pterjium, 2’sinde (%1,6) ambliyopi ve 1’inde (%1,1) kornea nebulası tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Mermer ocağı işçilerinde önemli oranda pterjiyum ve kırılma kusurları tespit edildi. İşyeri hekimlerinin pterjium gibi oküler yüzeyi etkileyen patolojilerin erken teşhisi konusunda eğitim almaları, bu çalışanların bir göz hastalıkları uzmanına erken sevk edilmesi için önemlidir. Çalışanların görme keskinliklerinin belirli aralıklarla ölçülmesi ve kayıt altına alınması ile görme keskinliğinde azalma tespit edilenlerin göz hastalıkları uzmanlarına sevk edilmesi gibi önlemler alınarak ileride oluşabilecek iş kazaları azaltılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İş sağlığı pterjiyum yaralar ve yaralanmalar

Kaynakça

  • 1. İbrahim Çınar CŞ. Risk Assessment of Marble Quarries in Turkey and Case Studies. In: A.Uçar, H. Akçakoca, İG. Ediz CD, editor. Proceedings of the 8th International Aggregates Symposium. 2016. p. 445-53. Available from: https://www. maden.org.tr/resimler/ekler/489600fc2fec142_ek.pdf google scholar
  • 2. Yavuz Çelik M, Sabah E. Geological and technical characterisation of Iscehisar (Afyon-Turkey) marble deposits and the impact of marble waste on environmental pollution. J Environ Manage 2008;87(1):106-16. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 3. Stone News. The countries with the largest marble exports in 2017. 2018 [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Available from: https:// stonenews.eu/countries-largest-marble-exports-2017/ google scholar
  • 4. Salem HS. Evaluation of the Stone and Marble Industry in Palestine: environmental, geological, health, socioeconomic, cultural, and legal perspectives, in view of sustainable development. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2021;28(22):28058-80. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 5. T.C. Resmi Gazete. İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğine İlişkin İşyeri Tehlike Sınıfları Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ. Tarih: 27.02.2017, No: 29992. Available from: https:// www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/02/20170227M1-1. htm google scholar
  • 6. Eleren A, Ersoy M. Mermer ocaklarında elmas tel ve kollu kesiciyle kesme teknolojilerinin iş güvenliği bakımından karşılaştırılmasında hata türü etki analizi yönteminin uygulanması. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi 2011;4(1):9-19. google scholar
  • 7. Ersoy M, Yesilkaya L. Comparison of the occupational safety applications in marble quarries of Carrara (Italy) and Iscehisar (Turkey) by using Elmeri method. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2016;23(1):29-63. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 8. Sanmiquel L, Bascompta M, Rossell JM, Anticoi HF, Guash E. Analysis of occupational accidents in underground and surface mining in Spain using data-mining techniques. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15(3):1-11. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 9. Yarahmadi R, Bagherpour R, Khademian A. Safety risk assessment of Iran’s dimension stone quarries (Exploited by diamond wire cutting method). Saf Sci 2014;63:146-50. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 10. Bagherpour R, Yarahmadi R, Khademian A. Safety Risk Assessment of Iran’s Underground Coal Mines Based on Preventive and Preparative Measures. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2015;21(8):2223-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 11. Angotzi G, Bramanti L, Tavarini D, Gragnani M, Cassiodoro L, Moriconi L, et al. World at work: Marble quarrying in Tuscany. Occup Environ Med 2005;62(6):417-21. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 12. Ersoy M, Yüksel Z. An Investigation of the Effect of Cutting Surface Discontinues on Diamond Wire Cutting Productivity in the Marble Quarry of Iscehisar Aktasoren Region, Turkey. Madencilik. 2011;50(2):3-18. google scholar
  • 13. Forrest KYZ, Cali JM. Epidemiology of lifetime work-related eye injuries in the U.S. population associated with one or more lost days of work. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009;16(3):156-62. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 14. Mir MD, Jehan A, Qadri SS, Wani RM, Bashir H ST. An epidemiological study on prevalence and pattern of ocular injuries in kashmir valley-a conflict zone. Int J Med Sci Public Heal 2014;3(3):3-6. google scholar
  • 15. Negrel AD TB. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 1998;5(3):143-69. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 16. Ngo CS, Leo SW. Industrial accident-related ocular emergencies in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2008;49(4):280-5. google scholar
  • 17. Okoye OI UR. Eye health of industrial workers in Southeastern Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2002;21(2):132-7. google scholar
  • 18. Ezisi C. Risk Factors For Work-Related Eye Injuries Among Stone Quarry Workers: A Field Report. Niger J Ophthalmol 2019;27(1):33. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 19. Koffuor G, Kyei S, Gyanfosu L, Afari C. Effect of the Working Environment on Oculo-Visual Health of Some Sand and Stone Miners in Ghana. J Environ Occup Sci 2012;1(2):83. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 20. Durkaya M, Hüsnüoğlu N. The Role of Education in Employment. J Soc Sci Humanit Res 2018;19(4):51-70. google scholar
  • 21. Ezisi CN, Eze BI, Okoye O, Arinze O. Correlates of Stone Quarry Workers’ Awareness of Work related Ocular Health Hazards and Utilization of Protective Eye Devices: Findings in Southeastern Nigeria. Indian J Occup Env Med 2017;21:51-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 22. Thompson GJ, Mollan SP. Occupational eye injuries: A continuing problem. Occup Med (Chic Ill) 2009;59(2):123-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 23. Kwaku Tetteh KK, Owusu R, Axame WK. Prevalence and Factors Influencing Eye Injuries among Welders in Accra, Ghana. Adv Prev Med 2020;2020:2170247. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 24. Kyriakaki EDO, Symvoulakis EK, Chlouverakis G, Detorakis ET. Causes, occupational risk and socio-economic determinants of eye injuries: A literature review. Med Pharm Reports 2021;94(2):131-44. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 25. Khorshed EAE, El-Naggar SA, El-Gohary SS, Awad AMB, Ahmed AS. Occupational ocular health problems among marble workers at Shaq El Tho’ban industrial area in Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2022;29:37445-57. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 26. Ezisi CN, Eze BI, Okoye O, Aghaji A, Uche NJ, Ogbonnaya C, et al. The Clinical Burden and Spectrum of Ophthalmic Disorders in Stone Industry Employees from Nigeria. Open J Ophthalmol 2018;08(04):191-206. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 27. American Academy of Ophtalmology. Prevent Workplace Eye Injuries During COVID-19 2021. Available from: https:// www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-work google scholar
  • 28. Sani G, Azuamah CY, Amadi NA, Esenwah CE, Agu CG, Nwala RO. An Investigation into the Personal Protective Equipment Used by Construction Workers in Northern Nigeria. Int J Res 2014;1(10):689-93. google scholar
  • 29. Prasad MA, Bhagat V, Wagh V, Mudey A, Nayak S, Gaiki V. Assessment of work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipment’s among stone quarry workers: a cross sectional study in Central India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 2019;6(8):3520-6. google scholar
  • 30. Quandt SA, Elmore RC, Arcury TA ND. Eye symptoms and use of eye protection among seasonal and migrant farmworkers. South Med J 2001;94:603-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 31. Wormald R, Patel D. Preventing eye injuries in quarries. Community Eye Heal J 2015;28(91):53. google scholar
  • 32. Azuamah Y, Amadi AN, Esenwah EC, Ikoro N. Major ocular problems found among quarry workers and residents of quarrying communities in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Int J Res 2019;6(June):129-36. google scholar
  • 33. Al-Bdour MD, Al-Latayfeh MM. Risk factors for pterygium in an adult Jordanian population. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2004;82(1):64-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 34. Rohatgi S. Pterygium: an epidemological study in India. Int J Healthc Biomed Res 2013;(1):297. google scholar
  • 35. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Çalışma Hayatı İstatistikleri. 2020. Avaliable from: https://www.csgb.gov.tr/ media/87376/calisma_hayati_2020.pdf. google scholar

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 85 Sayı: 4, 548 - 556, 28.10.2022

İbrahim Ethem Ay Seher Palanbek Yavaş Caner Baysan

https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1134346

Öz

Objective: Occupational health and safety is one of the most important aspects of the workplace. Working in a healthy and safe environment is one of our constitutional rights. In terms of occupational health, which is of the utmost importance, assessing the occupational eye health of marble quarry workers is also critical. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of corneal nebula, refraction error, pterygium, and similar ocular surface diseases and the factors affecting these diseases in marble quarry workers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study in a marble quarry was performed. All the marble quarry workers who wished to participate in this cross-sectional study were included. Examinations of 126 workers were done in a large, appropriately lit room using a portable Snellen chart and a portable biomicroscope, and Volk 90D for fundus examination. Results: Of the total 126 workers, 83 (65.9%) were working in an environment of high-risk in respect to ocular health, and eye disease was determined in 32 (25.4%). Refraction error was determined in 19 (15.1%), pterygium in 11 (8.7%), amblyopia in 2 (1.6%), and corneal nebula in 1 (1.1%). Conclusions: Pterygium and refraction error were determined at a significantly high rate in marble quarry workers. It is important for workplace doctors to be trained in the early diagnosis of pathologies affecting the ocular surface, such as pterygium, for these workers to be referred early to an ophthalmology specialist. With the measurement and recording of the visual acuity of workers at certain intervals, workplace accidents can be reduced by taking precautions such as the referral to ophthalmology specialists of those determined to have a decrease in visual acuity. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Occupational health pterygium wounds and injuries

Kaynakça

  • 1. İbrahim Çınar CŞ. Risk Assessment of Marble Quarries in Turkey and Case Studies. In: A.Uçar, H. Akçakoca, İG. Ediz CD, editor. Proceedings of the 8th International Aggregates Symposium. 2016. p. 445-53. Available from: https://www. maden.org.tr/resimler/ekler/489600fc2fec142_ek.pdf google scholar
  • 2. Yavuz Çelik M, Sabah E. Geological and technical characterisation of Iscehisar (Afyon-Turkey) marble deposits and the impact of marble waste on environmental pollution. J Environ Manage 2008;87(1):106-16. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 3. Stone News. The countries with the largest marble exports in 2017. 2018 [cited 2022 Feb 3]. Available from: https:// stonenews.eu/countries-largest-marble-exports-2017/ google scholar
  • 4. Salem HS. Evaluation of the Stone and Marble Industry in Palestine: environmental, geological, health, socioeconomic, cultural, and legal perspectives, in view of sustainable development. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2021;28(22):28058-80. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 5. T.C. Resmi Gazete. İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliğine İlişkin İşyeri Tehlike Sınıfları Tebliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Tebliğ. Tarih: 27.02.2017, No: 29992. Available from: https:// www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/02/20170227M1-1. htm google scholar
  • 6. Eleren A, Ersoy M. Mermer ocaklarında elmas tel ve kollu kesiciyle kesme teknolojilerinin iş güvenliği bakımından karşılaştırılmasında hata türü etki analizi yönteminin uygulanması. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi 2011;4(1):9-19. google scholar
  • 7. Ersoy M, Yesilkaya L. Comparison of the occupational safety applications in marble quarries of Carrara (Italy) and Iscehisar (Turkey) by using Elmeri method. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2016;23(1):29-63. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 8. Sanmiquel L, Bascompta M, Rossell JM, Anticoi HF, Guash E. Analysis of occupational accidents in underground and surface mining in Spain using data-mining techniques. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15(3):1-11. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 9. Yarahmadi R, Bagherpour R, Khademian A. Safety risk assessment of Iran’s dimension stone quarries (Exploited by diamond wire cutting method). Saf Sci 2014;63:146-50. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 10. Bagherpour R, Yarahmadi R, Khademian A. Safety Risk Assessment of Iran’s Underground Coal Mines Based on Preventive and Preparative Measures. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2015;21(8):2223-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 11. Angotzi G, Bramanti L, Tavarini D, Gragnani M, Cassiodoro L, Moriconi L, et al. World at work: Marble quarrying in Tuscany. Occup Environ Med 2005;62(6):417-21. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 12. Ersoy M, Yüksel Z. An Investigation of the Effect of Cutting Surface Discontinues on Diamond Wire Cutting Productivity in the Marble Quarry of Iscehisar Aktasoren Region, Turkey. Madencilik. 2011;50(2):3-18. google scholar
  • 13. Forrest KYZ, Cali JM. Epidemiology of lifetime work-related eye injuries in the U.S. population associated with one or more lost days of work. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2009;16(3):156-62. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 14. Mir MD, Jehan A, Qadri SS, Wani RM, Bashir H ST. An epidemiological study on prevalence and pattern of ocular injuries in kashmir valley-a conflict zone. Int J Med Sci Public Heal 2014;3(3):3-6. google scholar
  • 15. Negrel AD TB. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 1998;5(3):143-69. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 16. Ngo CS, Leo SW. Industrial accident-related ocular emergencies in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Singapore Med J 2008;49(4):280-5. google scholar
  • 17. Okoye OI UR. Eye health of industrial workers in Southeastern Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2002;21(2):132-7. google scholar
  • 18. Ezisi C. Risk Factors For Work-Related Eye Injuries Among Stone Quarry Workers: A Field Report. Niger J Ophthalmol 2019;27(1):33. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 19. Koffuor G, Kyei S, Gyanfosu L, Afari C. Effect of the Working Environment on Oculo-Visual Health of Some Sand and Stone Miners in Ghana. J Environ Occup Sci 2012;1(2):83. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 20. Durkaya M, Hüsnüoğlu N. The Role of Education in Employment. J Soc Sci Humanit Res 2018;19(4):51-70. google scholar
  • 21. Ezisi CN, Eze BI, Okoye O, Arinze O. Correlates of Stone Quarry Workers’ Awareness of Work related Ocular Health Hazards and Utilization of Protective Eye Devices: Findings in Southeastern Nigeria. Indian J Occup Env Med 2017;21:51-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 22. Thompson GJ, Mollan SP. Occupational eye injuries: A continuing problem. Occup Med (Chic Ill) 2009;59(2):123-5. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 23. Kwaku Tetteh KK, Owusu R, Axame WK. Prevalence and Factors Influencing Eye Injuries among Welders in Accra, Ghana. Adv Prev Med 2020;2020:2170247. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 24. Kyriakaki EDO, Symvoulakis EK, Chlouverakis G, Detorakis ET. Causes, occupational risk and socio-economic determinants of eye injuries: A literature review. Med Pharm Reports 2021;94(2):131-44. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 25. Khorshed EAE, El-Naggar SA, El-Gohary SS, Awad AMB, Ahmed AS. Occupational ocular health problems among marble workers at Shaq El Tho’ban industrial area in Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2022;29:37445-57. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 26. Ezisi CN, Eze BI, Okoye O, Aghaji A, Uche NJ, Ogbonnaya C, et al. The Clinical Burden and Spectrum of Ophthalmic Disorders in Stone Industry Employees from Nigeria. Open J Ophthalmol 2018;08(04):191-206. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 27. American Academy of Ophtalmology. Prevent Workplace Eye Injuries During COVID-19 2021. Available from: https:// www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/injuries-work google scholar
  • 28. Sani G, Azuamah CY, Amadi NA, Esenwah CE, Agu CG, Nwala RO. An Investigation into the Personal Protective Equipment Used by Construction Workers in Northern Nigeria. Int J Res 2014;1(10):689-93. google scholar
  • 29. Prasad MA, Bhagat V, Wagh V, Mudey A, Nayak S, Gaiki V. Assessment of work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipment’s among stone quarry workers: a cross sectional study in Central India. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 2019;6(8):3520-6. google scholar
  • 30. Quandt SA, Elmore RC, Arcury TA ND. Eye symptoms and use of eye protection among seasonal and migrant farmworkers. South Med J 2001;94:603-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 31. Wormald R, Patel D. Preventing eye injuries in quarries. Community Eye Heal J 2015;28(91):53. google scholar
  • 32. Azuamah Y, Amadi AN, Esenwah EC, Ikoro N. Major ocular problems found among quarry workers and residents of quarrying communities in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Int J Res 2019;6(June):129-36. google scholar
  • 33. Al-Bdour MD, Al-Latayfeh MM. Risk factors for pterygium in an adult Jordanian population. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2004;82(1):64-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 34. Rohatgi S. Pterygium: an epidemological study in India. Int J Healthc Biomed Res 2013;(1):297. google scholar
  • 35. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Çalışma Hayatı İstatistikleri. 2020. Avaliable from: https://www.csgb.gov.tr/ media/87376/calisma_hayati_2020.pdf. google scholar
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA
Yazarlar

İbrahim Ethem Ay 0000-0002-3468-7096

Seher Palanbek Yavaş 0000-0002-8113-0477

Caner Baysan 0000-0002-7675-1391

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 85 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Ay, İ. E., Palanbek Yavaş, S., & Baysan, C. (2022). A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, 85(4), 548-556. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1134346
AMA Ay İE, Palanbek Yavaş S, Baysan C. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. Ekim 2022;85(4):548-556. doi:10.26650/IUITFD.1134346
Chicago Ay, İbrahim Ethem, Seher Palanbek Yavaş, ve Caner Baysan. “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 85, sy. 4 (Ekim 2022): 548-56. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1134346.
EndNote Ay İE, Palanbek Yavaş S, Baysan C (01 Ekim 2022) A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 85 4 548–556.
IEEE İ. E. Ay, S. Palanbek Yavaş, ve C. Baysan, “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS”, İst Tıp Fak Derg, c. 85, sy. 4, ss. 548–556, 2022, doi: 10.26650/IUITFD.1134346.
ISNAD Ay, İbrahim Ethem vd. “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 85/4 (Ekim 2022), 548-556. https://doi.org/10.26650/IUITFD.1134346.
JAMA Ay İE, Palanbek Yavaş S, Baysan C. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2022;85:548–556.
MLA Ay, İbrahim Ethem vd. “A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS”. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, c. 85, sy. 4, 2022, ss. 548-56, doi:10.26650/IUITFD.1134346.
Vancouver Ay İE, Palanbek Yavaş S, Baysan C. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MARBLE WORKERS: OCCUPATIONAL EYE HEALTH PROBLEMS AND RISK FACTORS. İst Tıp Fak Derg. 2022;85(4):548-56.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Contact information and address

Addressi: İ.Ü. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı, Turgut Özal Cad. 34093 Çapa, Fatih, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE

Email: itfdergisi@istanbul.edu.tr

Phone: +90 212 414 21 61