Öz
Objective: Family health centers are the first place for healthcare providers and vaccine-hesitant parents who need information. Healthcare providers can play an important role in mitigating vaccine hesitancy by providing accurate information to parents. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy or refusal among parents encountered by healthcare workers in family health centers in Kırşehir, and to identify associated factors.
Method: The study population consisted of family health workers working in Family Health Centers at the Kırşehir Center (N=101). The data form used in the descriptive study was prepared by the researchers by reviewing the literature. The data were collected by aplying face-to-face question and answer technique during the visits of the researchers to the family health centers.
Results: When asked about the rate of vaccine hesitancy/refusal in the past year, 13.2% (n=10) reported that they had encountered it frequently, and 28.9% (n=22) reported that they had encountered it at least once. 61.8% (n=47) of the participants, reported that the socioeconomic level of families experiencing vaccine refusal was high. When the participants met with a parent who refused vaccination, 98.7% (n=75) stated that they would explain the necessity of vaccines and encourage them to receive them, and 1.3% (n=1) stated that they would respect this decision. 84.1% (n=64) stated that the family with vaccine hesitancy/refusal changed their decision after their information they provided. The most common reason given to the participants by families who were undecide or refusal vaccine was objections to the ingredients in the vaccine (mercury, thimerosal, etc.) with rate of 71.1% (n=54).
Conclusion: Vaccine ambivalence was found to be against all vaccines and the act of vaccination, not against a specific vaccine. It was observed that when families who were hesitant about vaccination were informed by healthcare proffessionals, their attitudes changed. For this reason, it is important that parents with vaccine hesitancy are adequately and accurately informed about vaccines. It is thought that regular trainings should be organized for both healthcare professionals and families on vaccination in Turkey and the health literacy level of the society should be increased.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Vaccine Hesitancy Primary Healthcare Healthcare Workers Vaccines Immunization
Kaynakça
- Landry S. Heilman C. Future directions in vaccines: the payoffs of basic research. Health Affairs. 2005;24(3):758-769.
- Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert review of vaccines. 2015;14(1):99-117.
- Ministry of Health. Benefits of Vaccines. https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/genel-bilgiler/27-asininyararlari Access date:21.03.2023.
- McClure CC, Cataldi JR, O’Leary ST. Vaccine hesitancy: where we are and where we are going. Clinical therapeutics. 2017;39(8):1550-1562.
- Glanz JM, Newcomer SR, Narwaney KJ, et al. A population-based cohort study of undervaccination in 8 managed care organizations across the United States. JAMA pediatrics. 2013;167(3):274-281.
- Ernst K, Jacobs ET. Implications of philosophical and personal belief exemptions on re-emergence of vaccine-preventable disease: the role of spatial clustering in under-vaccination. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2012;8(6):838-841.
- Omer SB, Betsch C, Leask J. Mandate vaccination with care. Nature. 2019;571(7766):469-472.
- Benin AL, Wisler-Scher DJ, Colson E, Shapiro ED, Holmboe ES. Qualitative analysis of mothers’ decision-making about vaccines for infants: the importance of trust. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5):1532-1541.
- Betsch C, Schmid P, Heinemeier D, Korn L, Holtmann C, Böhm R. Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. PloS one. 2018;13(12):e0208601.
- Luthy KE, Beckstrand RL, Peterson NE. Parental hesitation as a factor in delayed childhood immunization. 2009;23(6):383-393.
- Mills E, Jadad AR, Ross C, Wilson K. Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring parental beliefs and attitudes toward childhood vaccination identifies common barriers to vaccination. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2005;58(11):1081-1088.
- Diekema DS. Provider dismissal of vaccine-hesitant families: misguided policy that fails to benefit children. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2013;9(12):2661-2662.
- Yalçın BNB, Tunç AY, Şaşmaz CT. Investigation of the situation and related factors of encountering vaccine hesitancy or refusal among family health workers working in the center of Mersin province. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2019;18(3):155-169.
- Soysal G. Vaccine Hesitancy Refusal and Related Factors in Parents of Children Under Five Years Old in Tokat Province Center, in Department of Public Health. 2021, Başkent University: Ankara.
- Dasgupta P, Bhattacherjee S, Mukherjee A, Dasgupta S. Vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in slum areas of Siliguri, India. Indian J Public Health. 2018;62(4):253-258.
- Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(5):1034-1039.
- Yakşi N. Evaluation of the thoughts and behaviors of family health center workers on vaccine refusal. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2020;18(3):143-154.
- Altuntaş M, Şahin MK. Frequency of Encountering Childhood Vaccination Hesitancy, Reasons and Solution Suggestions: A Cross-sectional Study with Health Workers in Samsun Province Family Health Centers. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022;16(4):761-771.
- Sonkaya Zİ, Öztürk A. Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal: A Case Study of Amasya. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Pediatric Diseases). 2023:1-8.
- EKOS Research Associates Inc. Survey of parents on key issues related to immunization. Final report. Ottawa, ON: EKOS Research Associates Inc; 2011. www.ekospolitics.com/articles/0719.pdf. Accessed date 05.08.2023.
- Hess AMR, Waters CT, Jacobs EA, Barton KL, Fairfield KM. Understanding the role of misinformation in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a rural state. Vaccines. 2022;10(5):818.
Öz
Amaç: Aşı kararsızı ebeveynlerle, sağlık çalışanlarının karşılaştığı ve bilgi almaya ihtiyaç duyduğu ilk birim aile sağlığı merkezleridir. Sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcıları, ebeveynlerin doğru bilgiye ulaşmalarını sağlayarak aşı kararsızlığına karşı önemli bir rol oynayabilirler. Çalışmanın amacı Kırşehir ilinde bulunan aile sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışanların aşı kararsızlığı veya reddi yaşayan ebeveynler ile karşılaşma durumlarının saptanması ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesiydi.
Yöntem: Çalışma evrenini Kırşehir Merkez’de yer alan Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerinde görevli aile sağlığı elemanları oluşturdu (N=101). Tanımlayıcı tipte planlanan çalışmada kullanılan veri formu araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak hazırlanmdı. Çalışmacıların aile sağlığı merkezlerine yaptıkları ziyaretlerle yüz yüze soru cevap tekniği uygulanarak veriler toplandı.
Bulgular: Aile sağlığı merkezlerindeki çalışanlara geçen bir yılda aşı kararsızlığı/reddi ile karşılaşma oranı sorulduğunda %13.2’si (n=10) sıklıkla karşılaştığını, %28.9’u (n=22) en az bir defa karşılaştıklarını bildirdi. Çalışmaya katılanların %61.8’i (n=47), aşı reddi yaşayan ailelerin sosyoekonomik düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu belirtti. Katılımcıların aşı yaptırmayı reddeden bir ebeveyn ile görüştüklerinde, %98.7’si (n=75) aşıların gerekliliğini anlatacaklarını ve yaptırmaları için teşvik edeceklerini, %1.3’ü (n=1) bu karara saygı duyacağını belirti. Katılımcıların %84.1'i (n=64) aşı tereddütü/reddi olan ailenin verdiği bilgilerden sonra kararını değiştirdiğini ifade etti. Aşı kararsızlığı olan veya reddeden ailelerin katılımcılara beyan ettikleri en sık neden %71.1 (n=54) oranla “aşı içeriğindeki maddelere (cıva, tiyomersal vb.) ilişkin itirazlarda bulunmak” olarak tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Aşı kararsızlığının belirli bir aşıya yönelik değil tüm aşılara ve aşılanma eylemine karşı olduğu tespit edildi. Aşılama konusunda tereddüt yaşayan aileler sağlık çalışanları tarafından bilgilendirildiklerinde tutumlarının değiştiği görüldü. Bu sebeple aşı kararsızlığı yaşayan ebeveynlerin aşılar hakkında yeterli ve doğru şekilde bilgilendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye’de aşılama konusunda hem sağlık çalışanlarına hem de ailelere yönelik düzenli eğitimler yapılması ve toplumun sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesinin yükseltilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aşı Kararsızlığı Birinci Basamak Sağlık Hizmeti Sağlık Çalışanları Aşı Bağışıklama
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu çalışma, TUBİTAK BİDEB 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı kapsamında desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Landry S. Heilman C. Future directions in vaccines: the payoffs of basic research. Health Affairs. 2005;24(3):758-769.
- Dubé E, Vivion M, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert review of vaccines. 2015;14(1):99-117.
- Ministry of Health. Benefits of Vaccines. https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/genel-bilgiler/27-asininyararlari Access date:21.03.2023.
- McClure CC, Cataldi JR, O’Leary ST. Vaccine hesitancy: where we are and where we are going. Clinical therapeutics. 2017;39(8):1550-1562.
- Glanz JM, Newcomer SR, Narwaney KJ, et al. A population-based cohort study of undervaccination in 8 managed care organizations across the United States. JAMA pediatrics. 2013;167(3):274-281.
- Ernst K, Jacobs ET. Implications of philosophical and personal belief exemptions on re-emergence of vaccine-preventable disease: the role of spatial clustering in under-vaccination. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2012;8(6):838-841.
- Omer SB, Betsch C, Leask J. Mandate vaccination with care. Nature. 2019;571(7766):469-472.
- Benin AL, Wisler-Scher DJ, Colson E, Shapiro ED, Holmboe ES. Qualitative analysis of mothers’ decision-making about vaccines for infants: the importance of trust. Pediatrics. 2006;117(5):1532-1541.
- Betsch C, Schmid P, Heinemeier D, Korn L, Holtmann C, Böhm R. Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. PloS one. 2018;13(12):e0208601.
- Luthy KE, Beckstrand RL, Peterson NE. Parental hesitation as a factor in delayed childhood immunization. 2009;23(6):383-393.
- Mills E, Jadad AR, Ross C, Wilson K. Systematic review of qualitative studies exploring parental beliefs and attitudes toward childhood vaccination identifies common barriers to vaccination. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2005;58(11):1081-1088.
- Diekema DS. Provider dismissal of vaccine-hesitant families: misguided policy that fails to benefit children. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2013;9(12):2661-2662.
- Yalçın BNB, Tunç AY, Şaşmaz CT. Investigation of the situation and related factors of encountering vaccine hesitancy or refusal among family health workers working in the center of Mersin province. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2019;18(3):155-169.
- Soysal G. Vaccine Hesitancy Refusal and Related Factors in Parents of Children Under Five Years Old in Tokat Province Center, in Department of Public Health. 2021, Başkent University: Ankara.
- Dasgupta P, Bhattacherjee S, Mukherjee A, Dasgupta S. Vaccine hesitancy for childhood vaccinations in slum areas of Siliguri, India. Indian J Public Health. 2018;62(4):253-258.
- Özceylan G, Toprak D, Esen ES. Vaccine rejection and hesitation in Turkey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;16(5):1034-1039.
- Yakşi N. Evaluation of the thoughts and behaviors of family health center workers on vaccine refusal. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2020;18(3):143-154.
- Altuntaş M, Şahin MK. Frequency of Encountering Childhood Vaccination Hesitancy, Reasons and Solution Suggestions: A Cross-sectional Study with Health Workers in Samsun Province Family Health Centers. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022;16(4):761-771.
- Sonkaya Zİ, Öztürk A. Vaccine Hesitancy and Refusal: A Case Study of Amasya. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Pediatric Diseases). 2023:1-8.
- EKOS Research Associates Inc. Survey of parents on key issues related to immunization. Final report. Ottawa, ON: EKOS Research Associates Inc; 2011. www.ekospolitics.com/articles/0719.pdf. Accessed date 05.08.2023.
- Hess AMR, Waters CT, Jacobs EA, Barton KL, Fairfield KM. Understanding the role of misinformation in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a rural state. Vaccines. 2022;10(5):818.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Nisan 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 |
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