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Sigara Bağımlısı ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 97 - 101, 24.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.837841

Öz

Tütün kullanımı önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Hem sigara kullanımı hem de sigarayı bırakma tedavisi için psikolojik faktörlerin de önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmaya toplam 172 sigara kullanan, 84 sigarayı bırakan olmak üzere 256 kişi katılmış, katılımcılara Sosyodemografik veri formu, Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılığı Ölçeği ve Madde Kullanımı Risk Profili Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlarımıza göre sigarayı bırakan kişilerde sadece anksiyete duyarlılığı puanları, halen sigara kullanan kişilere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.005). Ayrıca halen sigara kullanan kişiler, kullanma düzeylerine göre düşük, orta ve ağır bağımlı olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmışlardır. Dürtüselliğin, ağır bağımlı grupta düşük ve orta bağımlı gruplardan anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek puanlar aldığı (p=0.005 ve p=0.047); anksiyete duyarlılığında ise ağır bağımlı grubun, düşük bağımlı gruptan anlamlı şekilde daha düşük puanlar aldığı saptanmıştır (p=0.002). Çalışmamızın sonuçları, sigara bağımlılığında özellikle dürtüsellik ve anksiyete duyarlılığı faktörlerinin önemine işaret etmektedir. Bu faktörlerin ele alınması, bağımlılığın hem tedavisinde hem de remisyon sürecinde yol gösterici olabilir. Sigara bağımlılığını anlamak ve bırakma sürecindeki başarıyı artırmak için psikolojik faktörleri anlamak önemlidir. Bu nedenle sigara bağımlılığındaki psikolojik faktörlerin gözden geçirilmesini amaçladık. 

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025. World Health Organization, 2019.
  • 2. Kale D, Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity related personality traits and cigarette smoking in adults: A meta-analysis using the UPPS-P model of impulsivity and reward sensitivity. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;185:149-67.
  • 3. Hammond CJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Mayes LC, ve ark. Associations of cannabis-and tobacco-related problem severity with reward and punishment sensitivity and impulsivity in adolescent daily cigarette smokers. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1-17.
  • 4. Slomp FM, Bara TS, Picharski GL, ve ark. Association of cigarette smoking with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among Brazilian adolescents. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:2799.
  • 5. Gobbi G, Atkin T, Zytynski T, ve ark. Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry. 2019;76(4):426-34.
  • 6. Jaffee WB, D'Zurilla TJ. Personality, problem solving, and adolescent substance use. Behav Ther. 2009;40(1):93-101.
  • 7. Ünübol H, Sayar GH. Psychological factors associated with smoking and quitting: addiction map of Turkey study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:1971.
  • 8. Baler RD, Volkow ND. Addiction as a systems failure: focus on adolescence and smoking. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(4):329-39.
  • 9. Milani RM, Parrott AC, Turner JJ, ve ark. Gender differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, and somatization among ecstasy/MDMA polydrug users, alcohol/tobacco users, and nondrug users. Addict Behav. 2004;29(5):965-71.
  • 10. Urbán R. Smoking outcome expectancies mediate the association between sensation seeking, peer smoking, and smoking among young adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(1):59-68.
  • 11. Schepis TS, Desai RA, Smith AE, ve ark. Impulsive sensation seeking, parental history of alcohol problems, and current alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents. J Addict Med. 2008;2(4):185-93.
  • 12. Conrod PJ, Pihl RO, Stewart SH, ve ark. Validation of a system of classifying female substance abusers on the basis of personality and motivational risk factors for substance abuse. Psychol Addict Behav. 2000;14(3):243-56.
  • 13. Woicik PA, Stewart SH, Pihl RO, ve ark. The substance use risk profile scale: A scale measuring traits linked to reinforcement-specific substance use profiles. Addict Behav. 2009;34(12):1042-55.
  • 14. Krank M, Stewart SH, O'Connor R, ve ark. Structural, concurrent, and predictive validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale in early adolescence. Addict Behav. 2011;36(1-2):37-46.
  • 15. American Psychiatry Assosiation. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
  • 16. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, ve ark. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991;86(9):1119-27.
  • 17. Uysal MA, Kadakal F, Karşidağ C, ve ark. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tuberk Toraks. 2004;52(2):115-21.
  • 18. Uygun SD, Cop E, Uneri OS, ve ark. Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale in adolescents. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2021;20(3):379-94.
  • 19. Bandura A. Social learning theory 1977 New York. NY General Learning Press; 1977.
  • 20. O’Loughlin JL, Barry A-D, O’Loughlin EK, ve ark. Home smoking bans may increase the risk of smoking onset in children when both parents smoke. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(7):1009-13.
  • 21. Memetovic J, Ratner PA, Richardson CG. Gender-based measurement invariance of the substance use risk profile scale. Addict Behav. 2014;39(3):690-4.
  • 22. Ali A, Carré A, Hassler C, ve ark. Risk factors for substances use and misuse among young people in France: What can we learn from the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;163:84-91.
  • 23. Castellanos‐Ryan N, O'Leary‐Barrett M, Sully L, ve ark. Sensitivity and specificity of a brief personality screening instrument in predicting future substance use, emotional, and behavioral problems: 18‐month predictive validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37:281-90.
  • 24. Lammers J, Kuntsche E, Engels RC, ve ark. Mediational relations of substance use risk profiles, alcohol-related outcomes, and drinking motives among young adolescents in the Netherlands. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;133(2):571-9.
  • 25. Peeters M, Monshouwer K, van de Schoot R, ve ark. Personality and the prediction of high-risk trajectories of alcohol use during adolescence. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014;75(5):790-8.
  • 26. Assayag Y, Bernstein A, Zvolensky MJ, ve ark. Nature and role of change in anxiety sensitivity during NRT-aided cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment. Cogn Behav Ther. 2012;41(1):51-62.
  • 27. Langdon KJ, Leventhal AM, Stewart S, ve ark. Anhedonia and anxiety sensitivity: Prospective relationships to nicotine withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74(3):469-78.
  • 28. Zvolensky MJ, Stewart SH, Vujanovic AA, ve ark. Anxiety sensitivity and anxiety and depressive symptoms in the prediction of early smoking lapse and relapse during smoking cessation treatment. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009;11(3):323-31.
  • 29. Liu S-J, Lan Y, Wu L, ve ark. Profiles of impulsivity in problematic internet users and cigarette smokers. Front Psychol. 2019;10:772.
  • 30. Kvaavik E, Rise J. How do impulsivity and education relate to smoking initiation and cessation among young adults? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012;73(5):804-10.
  • 31. Skinner MD, Aubin H-J, Berlin I. Impulsivity in smoking, nonsmoking, and ex-smoking alcoholics. Addict Behav. 2004;29(5):973-8.

The Evaluation of Psychological Factors in Smoking Addicts and Quitters

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 97 - 101, 24.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.837841

Öz

Tobacco use is an important public health problem. It is known that psychological factors are also important for both smoking and smoking cessation treatment. A total of 256 people, 172 smokers and 84 quitters, participated in the study. Sociodemographic data form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and Substance Use Risk Profile Scale were applied to the participants. According to our results, only anxiety sensitivity scores of quitters (add) were found to be significantly higher than those, who currently smoke (p=0.005). In addition, current smokers are divided into three groups according to their level of use: low, moderate and severe. Impulsivity scored significantly higher in the severely dependent group than that of the low and moderate dependent groups (p=0.005 and p=0.047); In anxiety sensitivity, it was determined that the severely dependent group got significantly lower scores than the low dependent group (p=0.002). The results of our study indicate the importance of impulsivity and anxiety sensitivity factors in cigarette addiction. Addressing these factors can guide both the treatment of addiction and the remission process. It is important to understand psychological factors to understand smoking addiction and to increase success in the cessation process. Therefore, we aimed to review the psychological factors in smoking addiction. 

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization. WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025. World Health Organization, 2019.
  • 2. Kale D, Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity related personality traits and cigarette smoking in adults: A meta-analysis using the UPPS-P model of impulsivity and reward sensitivity. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;185:149-67.
  • 3. Hammond CJ, Krishnan-Sarin S, Mayes LC, ve ark. Associations of cannabis-and tobacco-related problem severity with reward and punishment sensitivity and impulsivity in adolescent daily cigarette smokers. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020;1-17.
  • 4. Slomp FM, Bara TS, Picharski GL, ve ark. Association of cigarette smoking with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation among Brazilian adolescents. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:2799.
  • 5. Gobbi G, Atkin T, Zytynski T, ve ark. Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry. 2019;76(4):426-34.
  • 6. Jaffee WB, D'Zurilla TJ. Personality, problem solving, and adolescent substance use. Behav Ther. 2009;40(1):93-101.
  • 7. Ünübol H, Sayar GH. Psychological factors associated with smoking and quitting: addiction map of Turkey study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:1971.
  • 8. Baler RD, Volkow ND. Addiction as a systems failure: focus on adolescence and smoking. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(4):329-39.
  • 9. Milani RM, Parrott AC, Turner JJ, ve ark. Gender differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, and somatization among ecstasy/MDMA polydrug users, alcohol/tobacco users, and nondrug users. Addict Behav. 2004;29(5):965-71.
  • 10. Urbán R. Smoking outcome expectancies mediate the association between sensation seeking, peer smoking, and smoking among young adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(1):59-68.
  • 11. Schepis TS, Desai RA, Smith AE, ve ark. Impulsive sensation seeking, parental history of alcohol problems, and current alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents. J Addict Med. 2008;2(4):185-93.
  • 12. Conrod PJ, Pihl RO, Stewart SH, ve ark. Validation of a system of classifying female substance abusers on the basis of personality and motivational risk factors for substance abuse. Psychol Addict Behav. 2000;14(3):243-56.
  • 13. Woicik PA, Stewart SH, Pihl RO, ve ark. The substance use risk profile scale: A scale measuring traits linked to reinforcement-specific substance use profiles. Addict Behav. 2009;34(12):1042-55.
  • 14. Krank M, Stewart SH, O'Connor R, ve ark. Structural, concurrent, and predictive validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale in early adolescence. Addict Behav. 2011;36(1-2):37-46.
  • 15. American Psychiatry Assosiation. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
  • 16. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, ve ark. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991;86(9):1119-27.
  • 17. Uysal MA, Kadakal F, Karşidağ C, ve ark. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tuberk Toraks. 2004;52(2):115-21.
  • 18. Uygun SD, Cop E, Uneri OS, ve ark. Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale in adolescents. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2021;20(3):379-94.
  • 19. Bandura A. Social learning theory 1977 New York. NY General Learning Press; 1977.
  • 20. O’Loughlin JL, Barry A-D, O’Loughlin EK, ve ark. Home smoking bans may increase the risk of smoking onset in children when both parents smoke. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(7):1009-13.
  • 21. Memetovic J, Ratner PA, Richardson CG. Gender-based measurement invariance of the substance use risk profile scale. Addict Behav. 2014;39(3):690-4.
  • 22. Ali A, Carré A, Hassler C, ve ark. Risk factors for substances use and misuse among young people in France: What can we learn from the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;163:84-91.
  • 23. Castellanos‐Ryan N, O'Leary‐Barrett M, Sully L, ve ark. Sensitivity and specificity of a brief personality screening instrument in predicting future substance use, emotional, and behavioral problems: 18‐month predictive validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37:281-90.
  • 24. Lammers J, Kuntsche E, Engels RC, ve ark. Mediational relations of substance use risk profiles, alcohol-related outcomes, and drinking motives among young adolescents in the Netherlands. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;133(2):571-9.
  • 25. Peeters M, Monshouwer K, van de Schoot R, ve ark. Personality and the prediction of high-risk trajectories of alcohol use during adolescence. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014;75(5):790-8.
  • 26. Assayag Y, Bernstein A, Zvolensky MJ, ve ark. Nature and role of change in anxiety sensitivity during NRT-aided cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment. Cogn Behav Ther. 2012;41(1):51-62.
  • 27. Langdon KJ, Leventhal AM, Stewart S, ve ark. Anhedonia and anxiety sensitivity: Prospective relationships to nicotine withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74(3):469-78.
  • 28. Zvolensky MJ, Stewart SH, Vujanovic AA, ve ark. Anxiety sensitivity and anxiety and depressive symptoms in the prediction of early smoking lapse and relapse during smoking cessation treatment. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009;11(3):323-31.
  • 29. Liu S-J, Lan Y, Wu L, ve ark. Profiles of impulsivity in problematic internet users and cigarette smokers. Front Psychol. 2019;10:772.
  • 30. Kvaavik E, Rise J. How do impulsivity and education relate to smoking initiation and cessation among young adults? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2012;73(5):804-10.
  • 31. Skinner MD, Aubin H-J, Berlin I. Impulsivity in smoking, nonsmoking, and ex-smoking alcoholics. Addict Behav. 2004;29(5):973-8.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fatih Yığman 0000-0001-6052-7662

Hasan Ünver 0000-0001-5392-5507

Muhammed Hakan Aksu 0000-0003-2930-5337

Kadir Özdel 0000-0002-3712-9444

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yığman, F., Ünver, H., Aksu, M. H., Özdel, K. (2022). Sigara Bağımlısı ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 9(2), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.837841
AMA Yığman F, Ünver H, Aksu MH, Özdel K. Sigara Bağımlısı ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. MMJ. Ağustos 2022;9(2):97-101. doi:10.47572/muskutd.837841
Chicago Yığman, Fatih, Hasan Ünver, Muhammed Hakan Aksu, ve Kadir Özdel. “Sigara Bağımlısı Ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2022): 97-101. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.837841.
EndNote Yığman F, Ünver H, Aksu MH, Özdel K (01 Ağustos 2022) Sigara Bağımlısı ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 9 2 97–101.
IEEE F. Yığman, H. Ünver, M. H. Aksu, ve K. Özdel, “Sigara Bağımlısı ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi”, MMJ, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 97–101, 2022, doi: 10.47572/muskutd.837841.
ISNAD Yığman, Fatih vd. “Sigara Bağımlısı Ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi 9/2 (Ağustos 2022), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.837841.
JAMA Yığman F, Ünver H, Aksu MH, Özdel K. Sigara Bağımlısı ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. MMJ. 2022;9:97–101.
MLA Yığman, Fatih vd. “Sigara Bağımlısı Ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi”. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 97-101, doi:10.47572/muskutd.837841.
Vancouver Yığman F, Ünver H, Aksu MH, Özdel K. Sigara Bağımlısı ve Sigarayı Bırakan Kişilerde Psikolojik Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. MMJ. 2022;9(2):97-101.