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Bireysel Kültürel Değerlerin Çalışan Sessizliği Üzerine Etkisi: ABD ve Türkiye'de Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 525 - 558

Gülden Karakuş Tahsin Akçakanat

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bireysel kültürel değerlerin çalışan sessizliği üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmış ve bu etkiler Türkiye ve ABD’de karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, güç mesafesi yöneliminin kabullenici ve savunmacı sessizliği pozitif yönlü, belirsizlikten kaçınma eğiliminin örgüt yararına ve kabullenici sessizliği pozitif yönlü, toplulukçuluk eğiliminin kabullenici ve savunmacı sessizliği negatif yönlü, uzun dönem yöneliminin kabullenici ve savunmacı sessizliği negatif yönlü, örgüt yararına sessizliği pozitif yönlü ve maskulenlik eğiliminin örgüt yararına sessizliği negatif yönlü etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca güç mesafesi-savunmacı sessizlik, güç mesafesi-kabullenici sessizlik, uzun dönem yönelimi-savunmacı sessizlik, uzun dönem yönelimi-kabullenici sessizlik ve maskulenlik eğilimi-örgüt yararına sessizlik ilişkilerinde ülke değişkeninin düzenleyici etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bireysel kültürel değerler çalışan sessizliği karşılaştırmalı kültürel çalışmalar

Etik Beyan

Doktora Tezinden üretilen bu makale için, tez için alınan Etik Kurul Onay Belgesi "Dosyalar" Bölümünde sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Argyris, C. (1977), “Double loop learning in organizations”, Harvard Business Review, 5(5), 115-129.
  • Ashkanasy, N., Gupta, V., Mayfield, M. S., & Trevor-Roberts, E. (2004), “Future Orientation”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 282 – 342.
  • Berdahl, J. L., Cooper, M., Glick, P., Livingston, R. W., & Williams, J. C. (2018), “Work as a masculinity contest”, Journal of Social Issues, 74(3), 422–448.
  • Bommer, M., & DeLaPorte, R. (1992), “A point of view. A context for envisioning the future”, National Productivity Review, 11(4), 549–552.
  • Caputo, A., Ayoko, O. B., Amoo, N., & Menke, C. (2019), “The relationship between cultural values, cultural intelligence, and negotiation styles”, Journal of Business Research, 99, 23–36.
  • Carl, D., Gupta V., & Javidan, M. (2004), “Power Distance”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 513 – 563.
  • Chou, S. Y., & Chang, T. (2017), “Employee Silence and Silence Antecedents: A Theoretical Classification”, International Journal of Business Communication, 57(3), 401-426.
  • Daniels, M. A., & Greguras, G. J. (2014), “Exploring the Nature of Power Distance: Implications for Micro- and Macro-Level Theories, Processes, and Outcomes”, Journal of Management, 40(5), 1202-1229.
  • De Jong, E., Smeets, R., & Smits, J. (2006), “Culture and Openness. Social Indicators Research”, 78(1), 111–136.
  • De Luque, M. S., & Javidan, M. (2004), “Uncertainty Avoidance”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 602 – 653.
  • Dedahanov, A. T., Kim, C., & Rhee, J. (2015), “Centralization and Communication Opportunities as Predictors of Acquiescent or Prosocial Silence”, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(3), 481–492.
  • Den Hartog, D. N. (2004), “Assertiveness”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 395-436.
  • Deniz, N., Noyanb, A., & Ertosun, Ö. G. (2013), “The relationship between employee silence and organizational commitment in a private healthcare company”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 691-700.
  • Detert, J. R., Burris, E. R., & Harrison, D. A. (2010), “Debunking four myths about employee silence”, Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 26.
  • Dorfman, P. W., & Howell, J. P. (1988), “Dimensions of national culture and effective leadership patterns: Hofstede revisited”, (Eds. Farmer, R. N., & McGoun, E. G.), Advances in International Comparative Management, 3, 127-150, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press Inc, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233894930_Dimension_of_national_culture_and_effective_leadership_patterns_Hofstede_revisited, (Accessed: 01.09.2023).
  • Emrich, C. G., Denmark, F. L., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2004), “Cross Cultural Differences in Gender Egalitarianism. Implications for Societies, Organizations, and Leaders”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 343-394
  • Fornell C, Larcker DF. (1981), “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Fu, P.P., & Yukl, G. (2000), “Perceived effectiveness of influence tactics in the United States and China”, Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 251-266.
  • Gefen D, Straub D, Boudreau MC. (2000), “Structural equation modeling and regression: guidelines for research practice”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 4(1), 7.
  • Gelfand, M. J., Bhawuk, D. P. S., Nishi, L. H., & Bechtold, D. J. (2004), “Individualism and Collectivism”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 437 – 512.
  • GLOBE, 2020. https://globeproject.com/studies#overview
  • Gupta, R. K., & Panda, A. (2003), “Individualised familial self: the evolving self of qualified technocrats in India”, Psychology and Developing Societies, 15(1), 1–29.
  • Hair Jr J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th Ed., Pearson.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980), “Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad?”, Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42-58.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983a), “National cultures in four dimensions”, International Studies of Management and Organization, 13, 46-74.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983b). “National Cultures Revisited”, Behavior Science Research, 18(4), 285-305.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences, 2nd Ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hofstede Insights, 2023. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/Türkiye/, (Accessed: 04.04.2023).
  • Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005), Cultures and Organizations Software of the Mind, 2nd Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010), Cultures and Organizations Software of The Mind, 3rd Ed., USA: McGraw-Hill.
  • House, R. J., & Javidan, M. (2004), “Overview of GLOBE”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 9 – 28.
  • Huang, X., Van de Vliert, E., & Van der Vegt, G. (2005), “Breaking the silence culture: Stimulation of participation and employee opinion withholding cross-nationally”, Management and Organization Review, 1(3), 459-482.
  • Jain, A. K. (2015), “An interpersonal perspective to study silence in Indian organizations: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures”, Personnel Review, 44(12), 1010-1035.
  • Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1993), LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the simplis command language, Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International Inc.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1970), “Social norms and authoritarianism: a Turkish American comparison”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16(3), 444-451.
  • Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B., & Gibson, C. B. (2006), “A quarter century of Culture’s Consequences: a review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede’s cultural values framework”, Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3), 285–320.
  • Kirkman, B. L., Chen, G., Farh, J.-L., Chen, Z. X., & Lowe, K. B. (2009), “Individual power distance orientation and follower reactions to transformational leaders: A cross-level, cross-cultural examination”, Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 744–764.
  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and Practice Of Structural Equation Modeling, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Knoll, M., Götz, M., Adriasola, E., et al. (2021), “International differences in employee silence motives: scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42, 619-648
  • Knoll, M., & van Dick, R. (2013), “Do I hear the whistle . . . ? A first attempt to measure four forms of employee silence and their correlates”, Journal of Business Ethics, 113(2), 349-362.
  • Kwon, B., & Farndale, E. (2020), “Employee voice viewed through a cross-cultural lens”, Human Resource Management Review, 30(1).
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Impact of Individual Cultural Values on Employee Silence: A Comparative Study of the USA and Türkiye

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 525 - 558

Gülden Karakuş Tahsin Akçakanat

Öz

This study examines the impact of individual cultural values on employee silence and tests the differences between Türkiye and the USA. The study's findings reveal that power distance leads to an increase in acquiescent and defensive silence, and uncertainty avoidance leads to an increase in prosocial and acquiescent silence. In contrast, collectivism and long-term orientation cause a decrease in acquiescent and defensive silence while causing an increase in prosocial silence. Lastly, masculinity leads to a decrease in prosocial silence. Country factor has been found to moderate power distance- acquiescent and defensive silence, long-term orientation-acquiescent and defensive silence, and masculinity-prosocial silence relationships.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: individual cultural values employee silence comparative cultural studies

Kaynakça

  • Argyris, C. (1977), “Double loop learning in organizations”, Harvard Business Review, 5(5), 115-129.
  • Ashkanasy, N., Gupta, V., Mayfield, M. S., & Trevor-Roberts, E. (2004), “Future Orientation”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 282 – 342.
  • Berdahl, J. L., Cooper, M., Glick, P., Livingston, R. W., & Williams, J. C. (2018), “Work as a masculinity contest”, Journal of Social Issues, 74(3), 422–448.
  • Bommer, M., & DeLaPorte, R. (1992), “A point of view. A context for envisioning the future”, National Productivity Review, 11(4), 549–552.
  • Caputo, A., Ayoko, O. B., Amoo, N., & Menke, C. (2019), “The relationship between cultural values, cultural intelligence, and negotiation styles”, Journal of Business Research, 99, 23–36.
  • Carl, D., Gupta V., & Javidan, M. (2004), “Power Distance”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 513 – 563.
  • Chou, S. Y., & Chang, T. (2017), “Employee Silence and Silence Antecedents: A Theoretical Classification”, International Journal of Business Communication, 57(3), 401-426.
  • Daniels, M. A., & Greguras, G. J. (2014), “Exploring the Nature of Power Distance: Implications for Micro- and Macro-Level Theories, Processes, and Outcomes”, Journal of Management, 40(5), 1202-1229.
  • De Jong, E., Smeets, R., & Smits, J. (2006), “Culture and Openness. Social Indicators Research”, 78(1), 111–136.
  • De Luque, M. S., & Javidan, M. (2004), “Uncertainty Avoidance”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 602 – 653.
  • Dedahanov, A. T., Kim, C., & Rhee, J. (2015), “Centralization and Communication Opportunities as Predictors of Acquiescent or Prosocial Silence”, Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(3), 481–492.
  • Den Hartog, D. N. (2004), “Assertiveness”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 395-436.
  • Deniz, N., Noyanb, A., & Ertosun, Ö. G. (2013), “The relationship between employee silence and organizational commitment in a private healthcare company”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 691-700.
  • Detert, J. R., Burris, E. R., & Harrison, D. A. (2010), “Debunking four myths about employee silence”, Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 26.
  • Dorfman, P. W., & Howell, J. P. (1988), “Dimensions of national culture and effective leadership patterns: Hofstede revisited”, (Eds. Farmer, R. N., & McGoun, E. G.), Advances in International Comparative Management, 3, 127-150, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press Inc, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233894930_Dimension_of_national_culture_and_effective_leadership_patterns_Hofstede_revisited, (Accessed: 01.09.2023).
  • Emrich, C. G., Denmark, F. L., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2004), “Cross Cultural Differences in Gender Egalitarianism. Implications for Societies, Organizations, and Leaders”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 343-394
  • Fornell C, Larcker DF. (1981), “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Fu, P.P., & Yukl, G. (2000), “Perceived effectiveness of influence tactics in the United States and China”, Leadership Quarterly, 11(2), 251-266.
  • Gefen D, Straub D, Boudreau MC. (2000), “Structural equation modeling and regression: guidelines for research practice”, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 4(1), 7.
  • Gelfand, M. J., Bhawuk, D. P. S., Nishi, L. H., & Bechtold, D. J. (2004), “Individualism and Collectivism”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 437 – 512.
  • GLOBE, 2020. https://globeproject.com/studies#overview
  • Gupta, R. K., & Panda, A. (2003), “Individualised familial self: the evolving self of qualified technocrats in India”, Psychology and Developing Societies, 15(1), 1–29.
  • Hair Jr J.F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R.E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th Ed., Pearson.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980), “Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad?”, Organizational Dynamics, 9(1), 42-58.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983a), “National cultures in four dimensions”, International Studies of Management and Organization, 13, 46-74.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983b). “National Cultures Revisited”, Behavior Science Research, 18(4), 285-305.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s Consequences, 2nd Ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Hofstede Insights, 2023. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/Türkiye/, (Accessed: 04.04.2023).
  • Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005), Cultures and Organizations Software of the Mind, 2nd Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010), Cultures and Organizations Software of The Mind, 3rd Ed., USA: McGraw-Hill.
  • House, R. J., & Javidan, M. (2004), “Overview of GLOBE”, (Eds. R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta), Culture, Leadership, and Organizations the GLOBE Study of 62 Societies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 9 – 28.
  • Huang, X., Van de Vliert, E., & Van der Vegt, G. (2005), “Breaking the silence culture: Stimulation of participation and employee opinion withholding cross-nationally”, Management and Organization Review, 1(3), 459-482.
  • Jain, A. K. (2015), “An interpersonal perspective to study silence in Indian organizations: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures”, Personnel Review, 44(12), 1010-1035.
  • Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1993), LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the simplis command language, Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International Inc.
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1970), “Social norms and authoritarianism: a Turkish American comparison”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16(3), 444-451.
  • Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B., & Gibson, C. B. (2006), “A quarter century of Culture’s Consequences: a review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede’s cultural values framework”, Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3), 285–320.
  • Kirkman, B. L., Chen, G., Farh, J.-L., Chen, Z. X., & Lowe, K. B. (2009), “Individual power distance orientation and follower reactions to transformational leaders: A cross-level, cross-cultural examination”, Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 744–764.
  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and Practice Of Structural Equation Modeling, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Knoll, M., Götz, M., Adriasola, E., et al. (2021), “International differences in employee silence motives: scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42, 619-648
  • Knoll, M., & van Dick, R. (2013), “Do I hear the whistle . . . ? A first attempt to measure four forms of employee silence and their correlates”, Journal of Business Ethics, 113(2), 349-362.
  • Kwon, B., & Farndale, E. (2020), “Employee voice viewed through a cross-cultural lens”, Human Resource Management Review, 30(1).
  • Lease, S. H., Montes, S. H., Baggett, L. R., Sawyer, R. J., Fleming-Norwood, K. M., Hampton, A. B., Ovrebo, E., Çiftçi, A., & Boyraz, G. (2013), “A cross-cultural exploration of masculinity and relationships in men from Turkey, Norway, and the United States”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(1), 84-105.
  • LePine, J. A., &Van Dyne, L. (2001), “Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: Evidence of differential relationships with Big Five personality characteristics and cognitive ability”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 326-336.
  • Mancheno-Smoak, L., Endres, G. M., Polak, R., & Athanasaw, Y. (2009), “The individual cultural values and job satisfaction of the transformational leader”, Organization Development Journal, 27(3), 9-21.
  • Matos, K., O’Neill, O. M., & Lei, X. (2018), “Toxic leadership and the masculinity contest culture: how ‘win or die’ cultures breed abusive leadership”, Journal of Social Issues, 74(3), 500–528.
  • Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013), Culture and Psychology, 5th Ed., Canada: Nelson.
  • Maynes, T. D., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2014), “Speaking more broadly: An examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behaviors”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 87-112.
  • Merkin, R., Taras, V., & Steel, P. (2014), “State of the art themes in cross-cultural communication research: A systematic and meta-analytic review”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 38, 1–23.
  • Milliken F. J., Morrison E. W., & Hewlin P. F. (2003), “An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why”, Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453–1476.
  • Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995), “Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational citizenship behavior”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2), 127–142.
  • Morrison, E.W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000), “Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic World”, Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706–725.
  • Morrison, E. W. (2014), “Employee voice and silence”, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 173-197.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nd Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Park, J. (2011). Employee response to negative workplace situations: Does culture matter? (Doctoral Dissertation), (Order No. 3489808). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (915737931). https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/employee-response-negative-workplace-situations/ docview/915737931/se- 2? accountid=14141 (Accessed: 01.09.2023).
  • Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001), “Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice”, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-369.
  • Rhee, J., Dedahanov, A., & Lee, D. (2014), “Relationships among power distance, collectivism, punishment, and acquiescent, defensive, or prosocial silence”, Social Behaviour and Personality, 42(5), 705-720.
  • Sargut, A. S. (2015a). Kültürler Arası Farklılaşma ve Yönetim, 4th Ed., Ankara: İmge.
  • Sargut, A. S. (2015b). Lider Yöneticinin Benliğine Yolculuk, 2nd Ed., İstanbul: Beta.
  • Sarıbay, B. (2015), “Örgütsel Sessizlik ile Kültürel Değerler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Kamu Kuruluşlarında Bir Araştırma”, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Celal Baya Üniversitesi, Manisa.
  • Saylık, A. (2017), “Okul Müdürlerinin Paternalist (Babacan) Liderlik Davranışları ile Hofstede'nin Kültür Boyutları Arasındaki İlişki”, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Schmidt, S.M., & Yeh, R.-S. (1992), “The structure of leader influence: a cross-national comparison”, Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 23(2), 251-264.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992), “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries”, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1–65.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2006), “A theory of cultural value orientations: explication and applications”, Comparative Sociology, 5(2), 136-182.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2011), “Values: cultural and individual”, (Eds. Van De Vijver, F. J. R., Chasiotis, A., and Breugelmans, S. M.), Fundamental Questions in Cross-Cultural Psychology, Cambridge-Hitachi, 463-493.
  • Şehitoğlu, Y. (2010), “Örgütsel Sessizlik, Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı ve Algılanan Çalışan Performansı İlişkisi”, Doktora Tezi, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Gebze.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics, 6th Ed., Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2008), “Employee silence on critical work issues: The cross-level effects of procedural justice climate”, Personnel Psychology, 61(1), 37-68.
  • Taras, V., Rowney, J., & Steel, P. (2009), “Half a century of measuring culture: approaches, challenges, limitations, and suggestions based on the analysis of 121 instruments for quantifying culture”, Journal of International Management, 15(4), 357-373.
  • Taras, V., Kirkman, B. L., & Steel, P. (2010), “Examining the impact of Culture’s consequences: A three-decade, multilevel, meta-analytic review of Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 405–439.
  • Taras, V., Steel, P., & Kirkman, B. L. (2012), “Improving national cultural indices using a longitudinal meta-analysis of Hofstede's dimensions”, Journal of World Business: JWB, 47(3), 329-341.
  • Tanyaovalaksna, S. (2016). Exploring the relationship between individual cultural values and employee silence (Doctoral Dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1806512961). https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/exploring-relationship-between individual/docview/ 1806512961/se-2?accountid=14141, (Accessed: 02.02.2023).
  • TenDam, H. W. (1987), “Managerial flexibility: A strategic asset”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 8(2), 11–16.
  • The World Bank, 2022. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SG.GEN.PARL.ZS?most_recent_value_ desc=true, (Accessed: 01.09.2023).
  • Thomas, D.C., & Au, K. (2002), “The effect of cultural differences on behavioral responses to low job satisfaction”, Journal of International Business Studies, 33, 309-326.
  • Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005), “Antecedents and consequences of organizational silence: An empirical investigation”, Employee Relations, 27(5), 441–458.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003), “Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs”, Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.
  • Wang, R., & Jiang, J. (2015), “How abusive supervisors influence employees’ voice and silence: The effects of interactional justice and organizational attribution”, Journal of Social Psychology, 155(3), 204-220.
  • Whiteside, D. B., & Barclay, L. J. (2012), “Echoes of silence: Employee silence as a mediator between overall justice and employee outcomes”, Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 251–266.
  • Wu, M. (2006), “Hofstede's cultural dimensions 30 years later: A study of Taiwan and the United States”, International Communication Studies, 15(1), 33-42.
  • Yoo, B., & Donthu, N. (2005), “The Effect of Personal Cultural Orientation on Consumer Ethnocentrism”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 18(1-2), 7–44.
  • Yoo, B., Donthu, N., & Lenartowicz, T. (2011), “Measuring Hofstede 's five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE”, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23, 193-210.
  • Yu, K.Y.T. & Cable, D. M. (2011), “Unpacking cooperation in diverse teams”, Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 17(1/2), 63–82.
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gülden Karakuş 0000-0003-2980-9172

Tahsin Akçakanat 0000-0001-9414-6868

Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Karakuş, G., & Akçakanat, T. (t.y.). Impact of Individual Cultural Values on Employee Silence: A Comparative Study of the USA and Türkiye. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 525-558.
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