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Little by Little, Often Eating: Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study of the Grazing Questionnaire

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: Supplement 1, 471 - 485, 29.12.2023

Gözde Akkaya Tuğba Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1351056

Öz

Research indicates a close association between grazing, classified as disordered eating, and both obesity and eating disorders. This study aims to adapt the Grazing Questionnaire into Turkish. The research encompassed exploratory (N= 181) and confirmatory (N= 180) factor analyses with a sample of 361 community-based participants aged 18 to 30. Principal component analysis revealed a two-factor structure (uncontrollability, grazing behaviors) explaining 63.40% of the total variance, with eigenvalues surpassing 1. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient stood at .86. In assessing construct validity, the Grazing Questionnaire exhibited meaningful correlations with the Binge Eating Scale (r= .60, p< .01), body mass index (r= .23, p< .01), and subscales of the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale. Discriminant validity, evaluated through independent samples t-test analysis, showcased significant distinctions between groups with an eating disorder diagnosis or psychological support and those without such diagnoses or support in terms of grazing behaviors. These findings affirm that the Turkish version of the Grazing Questionnaire serves as a valid and reliable tool for evaluating individuals’ grazing behaviors and the feeling of loss of control during eating within a community-based sample. Moreover, the scale's structure aligns closely with its original form. Psychologists and psychiatrists can employ the the Grazing Questionnaire as an effective measurement tool to assess and identify distinctive features associated with eating behaviors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

grazing binge eating disordered eating eating disorders

Kaynakça

  • Aloi M, Rania M, De Fazio P, Segura-Garcia C (2017) Italian validation of the grazing questionnaire: analysis of psychometric properties. Minerva Psichiatr, 58:196-202.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5). Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Bentler PM, Bonett DG (1980) Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.Psychol Bull, 88:588-606.
  • Bertoli S, Leone A, Ponissi V, Bedogni G, Beggio V, Strepparava MG et al. (2016) Prevalence of and risk factors for binge eating behaviour in 6930 adults starting a weight loss or maintenance programme. Public Health Nutr, 19:71-77.
  • Beşenek AM, Hocaoğlu Ç (2021) Otlanma tarzı yeme davranışı (grazing) nedir? Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4:1-8.
  • Bonder R, Davis C, Kuk JL, Loxton NJ (2018) Compulsive “grazing” and addictive tendencies towards food. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 26:569-573. Sons.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş (2002) Faktör analizi: temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirme kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32:470-483.
  • Byrne BM (2016) Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Comcepts, Applicatons, and Programming, 3rd ed. New York, Routledge.
  • Can A (2016) SPSS İle Bilimsel Araştırma Sürecinde Nicel Veri Analizi, 4. baskı. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Carter FA, Jansen A (2012) Improving psychological treatment for obesity. which eating behaviours should we target?. Appetite, 58:1063–1069.
  • Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE (2007) Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating, and psychological distress. Int J Obes(Lond), 31:1722–1730.
  • Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE (2008) Grazing and loss of control related to eating: two high-risk factors following bariatric surgery. Obesity, 16:615-622.
  • Conceição EM, Gomes FVS, Vaz AR, Pinto-Bastos A, Machado PPP (2017a) Prevalence of eating disorders and picking/nibbling in elderly women. Int J Eat Disord, 50:793–800.
  • Conceição EM, Mitchell JE, Engel S, Machado P, Lancaster K, Wonderlich S (2014a) What is "grazing"? reviewing its definition, frequency, clinical characteristics, and impact on bariatric surgery outcomes, and proposing a standardized definition. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 10:973–982.
  • Conceição EM, Mitchell JE, Machado PPP, Vaz AR, Pinto-Bastos A, Ramalho S et al. (2017b) Repetitive eating questionnaire [Rep(eat)-Q]: enlightening the concept of grazing and psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample. Appetite, 117:351-358.
  • Conceição EM, Mitchell JE, Vaz AR, Bastos AP, Ramalho S, Silva C et al. (2014b) The presence of maladaptive eating behaviors after bariatric surgery in a cross sectional study: Importance of picking or nibbling on weight regain. Eat Behav, 15:558–562.
  • Conceição EM, Pinheiro J, Félix S, Ramalho S, Gonçalves S (2021) Grazing in children: associations with child’s characteristics and parental feeding practices. Eat Weight Disord, 26:439-447.
  • Crow SJ, Swanson SA, Peterson CB, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Mitchell JE (2012) Latent class analysis of eating disorders: relationship to mortality. J Abnorm Psychol, 121:225–231.
  • Darby A, Hay P, Mond J, Rodgers B, Owen X (2007) Disordered eating behaviours and cognitions in young women with obesity: relationship with psychological status. Int J Obes (Lond), 31:876-882.
  • de França GVA, Gigante DP, Olinto MT (2014) Binge eating in adults: prevalence and associated factors in a Brazilian probability sample of midlife women. Int J Eat Disord, 41:471-478.
  • Deaver CM, Miltenberger RG, Smyth J, Meidinger A, Crosby R (2003) An evaluation of affect and binge eating. Behav Modif, 27:578–599.
  • Dönmez A (2022) Gece yeme sendromunun nesne ilişkileri bağlamında projektif testler ile değerlendirilmesi. Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 9:681-702.
  • Duarte C, Pinto-Gouveia J, Ferreira C (2015) Expanding binge eating assessment: validity and screening value of the binge eating scale in women from the general population. Eat Behav, 18:41-47.
  • Elliston KG, Ferguson SG, Schüz N, Schüz B (2017) Situational cues and momentary food environment predict everyday eating behavior in adults with overweight and obesity. Health Psychol, 36:337–345.
  • Erkuş A (2016) Psikolojide Ölçme ve Ölçek Geliştirme-I: Temel Kavramlar ve İşlemler, 3. baskı. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Fairweather-Schmidt AK, Wade TD (2015) Changes in genetic and environmental influences on disordered eating between early and late adolescence: a longitudinal twin study. Psychol Med, 45:3249–3258.
  • Gliem JA, Gliem RR (2003) Calculating, interpreting, and reporting cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research- to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 8-10 October 2003 The Ohio State University, USA pp:82-88.
  • Goodpaster KPS, Marek RJ, Lavery ME, Ashton K, Rish JM, Heinberg LJ (2016) Graze eating among bariatric surgery candidates: prevalence and psychosocial correlates. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 12:1091-1097.
  • Gormally J, Black S, Daston S, Rardin D (1982) The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addict Behav, 7:47-55.
  • Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Corbit L, Touyz S (2017) Grazing in adults with obesity and eating disorders: a systematic review of associated clinical features and meta-analysis of prevelance. Clin Psychol Rev, 58:16-32.
  • Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Touyz S (2019a) Grazing behaviour and associations with obesity, eating disorders, and health-related quality of life in the Australian population. Appetite, 143:104396.
  • Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Touyz S (2019b) The short inventory of grazing (SIG): development and validation of a new brief measure of a common eating behaviour with a compulsive dimension. J Eat Disord, 7:4.
  • Herman CP, Mack D (1975) Restrained and unrestrained eating. J Pers, 43:647-660.
  • Kaplan HI, Kaplan HS (1957) The psychosomatic concept of obesity. J Nerv Ment Dis, 125:181-201.
  • Kline RB (2005) Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Kofman MD, Lent MR, Swencionis C (2010) Maladaptive eating patterns, quality of life, and weight outcomes following gastric bypass: results of an internet survey. Obesity (Silver Spring), 18:1938-1943.
  • Lane B, Szabo M (2013) Uncontrolled, repetitive eating of small amounts of food or “grazing”: development and evaluation of a new measure of atypical eating. Behav Change, 30:57-73.
  • Leahy RL (2002) A model of emotional schemas. Cogn Behav Pract, 9:177-190.
  • Masheb RM, Grilo CM, White MA (2011) An examination of eating patterns in community women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord, 44:618-624.
  • Masheb RM, Roberto CA, White MA (2013) Nibbling and picking in obese patients with binge eating disorder. Eat Behav, 14:424-427
  • McDonald RP (1985) Factor Analysis and Related Methods. London, Psychology Press.
  • Micanti F, Iasevoli F, Cucciniello C, Costabile R, Loiarro G, Pecoraro G et al. (2017) The relationship between emotional regulation and eating behaviour: a multidimensional analysis of obesity psychopathology. Eat Weight Disord, 22:105–115.
  • Mitchell JE, King WC, Courcoulas A, Dakin G, Elder K, Engel S et al. (2015) Eating behavior and eating disorders in adults before bariatric surgery. Int J Eat Disord, 48:215-222.
  • Nicolau J, Ayala L, Rivera R, Speranskaya A, Sanchis P, Julian X et al. (2015) Postoperative grazing as a risk factor for negative outcomes after bariatric surgery. Eat Behav, 18:147-150.
  • Ortaköylü O (2020) Obezite için tıbbi yardım arayan hastalarda yeme davranışlarının araştırılması (Uzmanlık tezi). İstanbul, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi.
  • Ramalho SM, Trovisqueira A, de Lourdes M, Gonçalves S, Ribeiro I, Vaz AR et al. (2022) The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on disordered eating behaviors: the mediation role of psychological distress. Eat Weight Disord, 27:179-188.
  • Reas DL, Dahlgren CL, Wonderlich J, Syversen G, Kvalem IL (2019) Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the repetitive eating questionnaire: further evidence for two distinct subtypes of grazing behaviour. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 27:205-211.
  • Reslan S, Saules KK, Greenwald MK, Schuh LM (2014) Substance misuse following roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery. Subst Use Misuse, 49:405-417.
  • Rigdon EE (1996) CFI versus RMSEA: a comparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling. Struct Equ Modelling, 3:369-374.
  • Saunders R (2001) Compulsive eating and gastric bypass surgery: what does hunger have to do with it?. Obes Surg, 11:757-761.
  • Saunders R 2004 "Grazing": a high-risk behavior. Obes Surg, 14:98-102.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müler H (2003) Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8:23-74.
  • Schmitt N (1996) Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychol Assess, 8:350–353.
  • Seçer İ (2015) Psikolojik Test Geliştirme ve Uyarlama Süreci: SPSS ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Segura-Garcia C, Caroleo M, Rania M, Barbuto E, Sinopoli F, Aloi M et al. (2017) Binge eating disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in obesity: psychopathological and eating behaviors differences according to comorbidities. J Affect Disord, 208:424-430.
  • Shevlin M, Miles JN (1998) Effects of sample size, model specification and factor loadings on the GFI in confirmatory factor analysis. Pers Individ Dif, 25:85-90.
  • Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, de Pablo GS et al. (2022) Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry, 27:281-295.
  • Spirou D, Heriseanu AI, Sichieri R, Hay P, Moraes CE, Appolinario JC (2023) Grazing prevalence and associations with eating and general psychopathology, body mass index, and quality of life in a middle-income country. Nutrients, 15:1-13.
  • Spirou D, Raman J, Leith M, Collison J, Bishay RH, Ahlenstiel G et al. (2022) The psychometric properties of the grazing questionnaire in an obesity sample with and without binge eating disorder. J Eat Disord, 10:82-92.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2007) Using Multivariate Statistics, 5th ed. Boston, AllynandBacon.
  • Teodoro MC, Conceição EM, de Lourdes M, Alves JR, Neufeld CB (2021) Grazing’s frequency and associations with obesity, psychopathology, and loss of control eating in clinical and community contexts: a systematic review. Appetite, 167:105620.
  • Thomas JJ, Vartanian LR, Brownell KD (2009) The relationship between eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and officially recognized eating disorders: meta-analysis and implications for DSM. Psychol Bull, 135:407–433.
  • Tosyali AF, Harma M (2021) The role of co-regulation of stress in the relationship between perceived partner responsiveness and binge eating: a dyadic analysis. Int J Psychol, 56:435-443.
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Az Az Sık Sık Yeme: Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 15 Sayı: Supplement 1, 471 - 485, 29.12.2023

Gözde Akkaya Tuğba Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1351056

Öz

Bozulmuş yeme davranışları arasında kabul edilen otlanma tarzı yemenin, obezite ve yeme bozuklukları ile yakından ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Ölçeğin açımlayıcı (N= 181) ve doğrulayıcı (N= 180) faktör analizleri 18-30 yaş aralığında olan toplum temelli toplam 361 katılımcıdan elde edilen verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin faktör yapısını belirlemek için temel bileşenler analizinden yararlanılmış ve özdeğeri 1’in üzerinde olan, toplam varyansın %63.40’ını açıklayan iki faktörlü yapıya (kontrol edilemezlik, otlanma davranışları) ulaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayısı ,86’dır. Bileşen geçerliği kapsamında Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin, Tıkınırcasına Yeme Ölçeği (r= .60, p< .01), beden kitle indeksi (r= .23, p< .01) ve Leahy Duygusal Şema Ölçeğinin alt boyutları ile kabul edilebilir ilişkiler gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayırıcı geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bağımsız gruplar t-testi analizine göre yeme bozukluğu tanısı olan veya psikolojik destek alan grup ile herhangi bir yeme bozukluğu tanısı olmayan ve psikolojik destek almayan grup otlanma tarzı yeme bakımından anlamlı olarak farklılık göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun toplum temelli örneklemde bireylerin otlanma davranışlarını ve yeme edinimi esnasındaki kontrol kaybı hissini değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ulaşılan yapı ölçeğin orijinal formuyla büyük oranda tutarlılık göstermektedir. Psikolog ve psikiyatristler tarafından değerlendirme ve ayırıcı özellikleri belirleme amacıyla başvurulabilecek bir ölçüm aracı olarak Otlanma Tarzı Yeme Ölçeğinden faydalanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

otlanma tarzı yeme tıkınırcasına yeme bozulmuş yeme yeme bozuklukları

Kaynakça

  • Aloi M, Rania M, De Fazio P, Segura-Garcia C (2017) Italian validation of the grazing questionnaire: analysis of psychometric properties. Minerva Psichiatr, 58:196-202.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5). Washington DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Bentler PM, Bonett DG (1980) Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.Psychol Bull, 88:588-606.
  • Bertoli S, Leone A, Ponissi V, Bedogni G, Beggio V, Strepparava MG et al. (2016) Prevalence of and risk factors for binge eating behaviour in 6930 adults starting a weight loss or maintenance programme. Public Health Nutr, 19:71-77.
  • Beşenek AM, Hocaoğlu Ç (2021) Otlanma tarzı yeme davranışı (grazing) nedir? Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4:1-8.
  • Bonder R, Davis C, Kuk JL, Loxton NJ (2018) Compulsive “grazing” and addictive tendencies towards food. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 26:569-573. Sons.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş (2002) Faktör analizi: temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirme kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32:470-483.
  • Byrne BM (2016) Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Comcepts, Applicatons, and Programming, 3rd ed. New York, Routledge.
  • Can A (2016) SPSS İle Bilimsel Araştırma Sürecinde Nicel Veri Analizi, 4. baskı. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Carter FA, Jansen A (2012) Improving psychological treatment for obesity. which eating behaviours should we target?. Appetite, 58:1063–1069.
  • Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE (2007) Night eating syndrome and nocturnal snacking: association with obesity, binge eating, and psychological distress. Int J Obes(Lond), 31:1722–1730.
  • Colles SL, Dixon JB, O’Brien PE (2008) Grazing and loss of control related to eating: two high-risk factors following bariatric surgery. Obesity, 16:615-622.
  • Conceição EM, Gomes FVS, Vaz AR, Pinto-Bastos A, Machado PPP (2017a) Prevalence of eating disorders and picking/nibbling in elderly women. Int J Eat Disord, 50:793–800.
  • Conceição EM, Mitchell JE, Engel S, Machado P, Lancaster K, Wonderlich S (2014a) What is "grazing"? reviewing its definition, frequency, clinical characteristics, and impact on bariatric surgery outcomes, and proposing a standardized definition. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 10:973–982.
  • Conceição EM, Mitchell JE, Machado PPP, Vaz AR, Pinto-Bastos A, Ramalho S et al. (2017b) Repetitive eating questionnaire [Rep(eat)-Q]: enlightening the concept of grazing and psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample. Appetite, 117:351-358.
  • Conceição EM, Mitchell JE, Vaz AR, Bastos AP, Ramalho S, Silva C et al. (2014b) The presence of maladaptive eating behaviors after bariatric surgery in a cross sectional study: Importance of picking or nibbling on weight regain. Eat Behav, 15:558–562.
  • Conceição EM, Pinheiro J, Félix S, Ramalho S, Gonçalves S (2021) Grazing in children: associations with child’s characteristics and parental feeding practices. Eat Weight Disord, 26:439-447.
  • Crow SJ, Swanson SA, Peterson CB, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA, Mitchell JE (2012) Latent class analysis of eating disorders: relationship to mortality. J Abnorm Psychol, 121:225–231.
  • Darby A, Hay P, Mond J, Rodgers B, Owen X (2007) Disordered eating behaviours and cognitions in young women with obesity: relationship with psychological status. Int J Obes (Lond), 31:876-882.
  • de França GVA, Gigante DP, Olinto MT (2014) Binge eating in adults: prevalence and associated factors in a Brazilian probability sample of midlife women. Int J Eat Disord, 41:471-478.
  • Deaver CM, Miltenberger RG, Smyth J, Meidinger A, Crosby R (2003) An evaluation of affect and binge eating. Behav Modif, 27:578–599.
  • Dönmez A (2022) Gece yeme sendromunun nesne ilişkileri bağlamında projektif testler ile değerlendirilmesi. Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 9:681-702.
  • Duarte C, Pinto-Gouveia J, Ferreira C (2015) Expanding binge eating assessment: validity and screening value of the binge eating scale in women from the general population. Eat Behav, 18:41-47.
  • Elliston KG, Ferguson SG, Schüz N, Schüz B (2017) Situational cues and momentary food environment predict everyday eating behavior in adults with overweight and obesity. Health Psychol, 36:337–345.
  • Erkuş A (2016) Psikolojide Ölçme ve Ölçek Geliştirme-I: Temel Kavramlar ve İşlemler, 3. baskı. Ankara, Pegem Akademi.
  • Fairweather-Schmidt AK, Wade TD (2015) Changes in genetic and environmental influences on disordered eating between early and late adolescence: a longitudinal twin study. Psychol Med, 45:3249–3258.
  • Gliem JA, Gliem RR (2003) Calculating, interpreting, and reporting cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research- to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 8-10 October 2003 The Ohio State University, USA pp:82-88.
  • Goodpaster KPS, Marek RJ, Lavery ME, Ashton K, Rish JM, Heinberg LJ (2016) Graze eating among bariatric surgery candidates: prevalence and psychosocial correlates. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 12:1091-1097.
  • Gormally J, Black S, Daston S, Rardin D (1982) The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addict Behav, 7:47-55.
  • Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Corbit L, Touyz S (2017) Grazing in adults with obesity and eating disorders: a systematic review of associated clinical features and meta-analysis of prevelance. Clin Psychol Rev, 58:16-32.
  • Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Touyz S (2019a) Grazing behaviour and associations with obesity, eating disorders, and health-related quality of life in the Australian population. Appetite, 143:104396.
  • Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Touyz S (2019b) The short inventory of grazing (SIG): development and validation of a new brief measure of a common eating behaviour with a compulsive dimension. J Eat Disord, 7:4.
  • Herman CP, Mack D (1975) Restrained and unrestrained eating. J Pers, 43:647-660.
  • Kaplan HI, Kaplan HS (1957) The psychosomatic concept of obesity. J Nerv Ment Dis, 125:181-201.
  • Kline RB (2005) Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford Press.
  • Kofman MD, Lent MR, Swencionis C (2010) Maladaptive eating patterns, quality of life, and weight outcomes following gastric bypass: results of an internet survey. Obesity (Silver Spring), 18:1938-1943.
  • Lane B, Szabo M (2013) Uncontrolled, repetitive eating of small amounts of food or “grazing”: development and evaluation of a new measure of atypical eating. Behav Change, 30:57-73.
  • Leahy RL (2002) A model of emotional schemas. Cogn Behav Pract, 9:177-190.
  • Masheb RM, Grilo CM, White MA (2011) An examination of eating patterns in community women with bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord, 44:618-624.
  • Masheb RM, Roberto CA, White MA (2013) Nibbling and picking in obese patients with binge eating disorder. Eat Behav, 14:424-427
  • McDonald RP (1985) Factor Analysis and Related Methods. London, Psychology Press.
  • Micanti F, Iasevoli F, Cucciniello C, Costabile R, Loiarro G, Pecoraro G et al. (2017) The relationship between emotional regulation and eating behaviour: a multidimensional analysis of obesity psychopathology. Eat Weight Disord, 22:105–115.
  • Mitchell JE, King WC, Courcoulas A, Dakin G, Elder K, Engel S et al. (2015) Eating behavior and eating disorders in adults before bariatric surgery. Int J Eat Disord, 48:215-222.
  • Nicolau J, Ayala L, Rivera R, Speranskaya A, Sanchis P, Julian X et al. (2015) Postoperative grazing as a risk factor for negative outcomes after bariatric surgery. Eat Behav, 18:147-150.
  • Ortaköylü O (2020) Obezite için tıbbi yardım arayan hastalarda yeme davranışlarının araştırılması (Uzmanlık tezi). İstanbul, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi.
  • Ramalho SM, Trovisqueira A, de Lourdes M, Gonçalves S, Ribeiro I, Vaz AR et al. (2022) The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on disordered eating behaviors: the mediation role of psychological distress. Eat Weight Disord, 27:179-188.
  • Reas DL, Dahlgren CL, Wonderlich J, Syversen G, Kvalem IL (2019) Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the repetitive eating questionnaire: further evidence for two distinct subtypes of grazing behaviour. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 27:205-211.
  • Reslan S, Saules KK, Greenwald MK, Schuh LM (2014) Substance misuse following roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery. Subst Use Misuse, 49:405-417.
  • Rigdon EE (1996) CFI versus RMSEA: a comparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling. Struct Equ Modelling, 3:369-374.
  • Saunders R (2001) Compulsive eating and gastric bypass surgery: what does hunger have to do with it?. Obes Surg, 11:757-761.
  • Saunders R 2004 "Grazing": a high-risk behavior. Obes Surg, 14:98-102.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müler H (2003) Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8:23-74.
  • Schmitt N (1996) Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychol Assess, 8:350–353.
  • Seçer İ (2015) Psikolojik Test Geliştirme ve Uyarlama Süreci: SPSS ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara, Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Segura-Garcia C, Caroleo M, Rania M, Barbuto E, Sinopoli F, Aloi M et al. (2017) Binge eating disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in obesity: psychopathological and eating behaviors differences according to comorbidities. J Affect Disord, 208:424-430.
  • Shevlin M, Miles JN (1998) Effects of sample size, model specification and factor loadings on the GFI in confirmatory factor analysis. Pers Individ Dif, 25:85-90.
  • Solmi M, Radua J, Olivola M, Croce E, Soardo L, de Pablo GS et al. (2022) Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Mol Psychiatry, 27:281-295.
  • Spirou D, Heriseanu AI, Sichieri R, Hay P, Moraes CE, Appolinario JC (2023) Grazing prevalence and associations with eating and general psychopathology, body mass index, and quality of life in a middle-income country. Nutrients, 15:1-13.
  • Spirou D, Raman J, Leith M, Collison J, Bishay RH, Ahlenstiel G et al. (2022) The psychometric properties of the grazing questionnaire in an obesity sample with and without binge eating disorder. J Eat Disord, 10:82-92.
  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2007) Using Multivariate Statistics, 5th ed. Boston, AllynandBacon.
  • Teodoro MC, Conceição EM, de Lourdes M, Alves JR, Neufeld CB (2021) Grazing’s frequency and associations with obesity, psychopathology, and loss of control eating in clinical and community contexts: a systematic review. Appetite, 167:105620.
  • Thomas JJ, Vartanian LR, Brownell KD (2009) The relationship between eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and officially recognized eating disorders: meta-analysis and implications for DSM. Psychol Bull, 135:407–433.
  • Tosyali AF, Harma M (2021) The role of co-regulation of stress in the relationship between perceived partner responsiveness and binge eating: a dyadic analysis. Int J Psychol, 56:435-443.
  • Turan S, Poyraz CA, Özdemir A (2015) Tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 7:419-435.
  • Wade TD, Wilksch SM, Lee C (2012) A longitudinal investigation of the impact of disordered eating on young women's quality of life. Health Psychol, 31:352–359.
  • WHO (2004) Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet, 363(9403):157-163.
  • WHO (2018) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th revison. Geneva, World Health Organization.
  • Yavuz KF, Türkçapar MH, Demirel B, Karadere E (2011) Üniversite öğrencileri ve çalışanları örnekleminde leahy duygusal şema ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Dusunen Adam, 24:273-282.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Psikoloji
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Gözde Akkaya 0000-0001-6547-1354

Tuğba Yılmaz 0000-0001-9187-7665

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 12 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 15 Sayı: Supplement 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Akkaya G, Yılmaz T. Little by Little, Often Eating: Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study of the Grazing Questionnaire. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Aralık 2023;15(Supplement 1):471-485. doi:10.18863/pgy.1351056

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