18-36 Aylık Çocukları Olan Ebeveynlerin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Hakkında Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Farkındalıkları
Öz
Giriş: Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunun (OSB) erken teşhisi, hastalık için iyi bir prognostic factor olan erken tedaviyi sağlar. Birincil bakıcılar olan ebeveynlerin OSB hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri erken tanı için önemlidir. Ebeveynlerin OSB ile ilgili bilgi ve farkındalık düzeylerini ve bireysel faktörlerle ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma Şubat-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında aile sağlığı merkezinde, 18-36 aylık çocukları olan 340 ebeveyn ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar sosyodemografik özelliklerini de içeren M-CHAT ölçeği ve DSM-V tanı kriterlerinden uyarlanan bir anket ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin %97,6'sı OSB’yi daha önce duymuştu. Ebeveynlerin %32,6'sında otizmi işitme kaynağı medyaydı. Sağlıklı çocuklarda anlamlı kelime üretimi için doğru zamanı sadece %32,6'sı biliyordu. OSB bilgi düzeyi annelerde ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek ebeveynlerde daha yüksekti (p = 0,001, p <0,001). Ebeveynlerin %5,6'sı aşıların OSB'ye neden olduğunu ve %37,6'sı aşıların OSB'ye neden olup olmadığı konusunda bilgiye sahip olmadıklarını belirtmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda ebeveynlerin nerdeyse hepsinin OSB’ yi daha önceden duymuş olsa da birçoğunun sağlıklı bir çocuğun dil gelişim süreci ve OSB'nin semptomları, nedenleri, tanı ve tedavi süreci hakkındaki bilgi düzeyinin düşük olduğunu gördük. Küçük bir çocuğu olan bu ebeveynlerin birçoğunun aşılar ve OSB arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı konusunda bilgi sahibi değildi.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
YOK
Kaynakça
- 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. DSM-V, 5th ed. Arlington: 2013:50-59; 299.00 (F84.0)
- 2. Augustyn M. Autism spectrum disorder: Terminology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis - UpToDate. Published 2018. Avaiable at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autism-spectrum-disorder-terminology-epidemiology-and-pathogenesis Accessed: 15.12. 2020.
- 3. Hertz-PicciottoI . Environmental risk factors in autism: results from large-scale epidemiological studies. In: Amaral DG, Dawson G, Geschwind DH (eds). Autism Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 2011, pp 827–862.
- 4. Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z et al. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. MMWR SurveillSumm 2020;69(No. SS-4):1–12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1external icon
- 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders—Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. MMWR Surveillance Summary, 63(SS02), 1–21.2014
- 6. Steiner AM, Goldsmith TR, Snow A V., Chawarska K. Practitioner’s Guide to Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infants and Toddlers. J Autism Dev Disord 2012,42(6):1183–96.
- 7. Shattuck PT, Durkin M, Maenner M, Newschaffer C, Mandell DS, Wiggins L, et all. The timing of identification among children with an autism spectrum disorder: Findings from a population-based surveillance study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009,48(5):474–83.
- 8. Volkmar FR, Chawarska K, Klin A. Autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers; an introduction. In A. K. Katarzyna Chawarska, Fred R Volkmar (Ed.), Autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers; diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 1-22). New York: Guilford Press.2008
- 9. Jennifer Harrison Elder, Consuelo Maun Kreider, Susan N Brasher, Margaret Ansell Clinical impact of early diagnosis of autism on the prognosis and parent–child relationships Psychol Res BehavManag. 2017; 10: 283–292. Published online 2017 Aug 24. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S117499.
- 10. Volkmar FR., Klin A. Issues in the classification of autism and related conditions. In: Volkmar FR, Paul R, Klin A, Cohen DJ, eds. Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2005:5–41.
- 11. Kara B, Mukaddes NM, Altınkaya I, Güntepe D, Gökçay G, Özmen M. Using the modified checklist for autism in toddlers in a well-child clinic in Turkey: adapting the screening method based on culture and setting. Autism. 2014;18(3):331-8. doi: 10.1177/1362361312467864. Epub 2012.
- 12. Robins DL, Casagrande K, Barton M, Chen CM, Dumont-Mathieu T, Fein D. Validation of the modified checklist for Autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics. 2014;133(1):37-45. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1813
- 13. Johnson CP, Myers SM. Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Pediatrics 2007,120(5):1183–215.
- 14. Anwar MS, Tahir M, Nusrat K, Khan MR. Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions Regarding Autism Among Parents in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus 2018; 10(9): e3299.
- 15. Deeb, RaidMousa Al-Shaik. "Knowledge of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder of Behavior Modification Methods and Their Training Needs Accordingly." International Education Studies 9.10 (2016): 141-154.
- 16. Fernell E, Eriksson MA, Gillberg C: Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis: a narrative review. Clin Epidemiol. 2013, 5:33-43.
- 17. Gerber JS, Offit PA. Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 15;48(4):456-61. doi: 10.1086/596476., Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD. Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine. 2014 Jun 17;32(29):3623-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085.
- 18. Tager-Flusberg H. Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2016 Feb;59(1):143-54. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-15-0146..
- 19. Ertem İÖ, Atay G, Gümüş D, Bayhan A, Bingöler B, Gök C, et all .Mothers’ Knowledge of Young Child Development in a Developing Country. Child: Care, Health and Development.2007,33(6), 728-737.
- 20. Ayub A, Naeem B, Ahmed WN, et al.: Knowledge and perception regarding autism among primary school teachers: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan, South Asia. Indian JCommunity Med. 2017, 42:177-179. 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_121_16
- 21. Shaukat F, Fatima A, Zehra N, Hussein MA, Ismail O: Assessment of knowledge about childhood autism among medical students from private and public universities in Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014, 64:1331-1334.
- 22. Barbaro J, Dissanayake C. Autism spectrum disorders in infancy and toddlerhood: a review of the evidence on early signs, early identification tools, and early diagnosis. J Dev BehavPediatr, 2009,30(5), 447-459.
- 23. Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Ashwal S, Baranek GT, Cook EH, Dawson G, et all. Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Am Acad Neurol 55(4):468–79, 2000.
- 24. Rhoades RA, Scarpa A, Salley B. The importance of physician knowledge of autism spectrum disorder: results of a parent survey. BMC Pediatrics 2007, 7:37.
- 25. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children With Disabilities. Technical report: the pediatrician’s role in the diagnosis and management of autistic spectrum disorder in children. Pediatrics. 2001;107(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/5/e85.
Knowledge Level and Awareness of Parents with 18-36 Month-Old Children About Autism Spectrum Disorder
Öz
Introduction: Early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) enables early treatment, which is a good prognostic factor for the disorder. Parents are the primary caregivers; their knowledge about ASD is crucial for early diagnosis.We aimed to examine the level of knowledge and awareness about ASD in parents and their relationship with individual factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and July 2020 in a family health center with 340 parents with children aged 18-36 months. Participants were evaluated with a questionnaire adapted from the M-CHAT scale and DSM-V diagnostic criteria, including their sociodemographic characteristics. Results: 97.6% of the parents had heard of ASD before. In 32.6% parents the source of hearing autism was the media. Only 32.6% knew the right time for meaningful word production in healthy children. ASD knowledge level was higher in mothers and parents with higher education levels (p = 0.001, p <0.001). 5.6% of the parents stated that vaccines cause ASD and 37.6% stated that they did not have information about whether vaccines cause ASD. Conclusion: In our study, we found that although almost all of the parents had heard of ASD before, most of them had a low level of knowledge about the language development process of a healthy child and the symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment process of ASD. More importantly, many of these parents with a young child were unaware of whether there was a relationship between vaccines and ASD.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Autism Spectrum Disorder Awareness Knowledge Family Physician
Kaynakça
- 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. DSM-V, 5th ed. Arlington: 2013:50-59; 299.00 (F84.0)
- 2. Augustyn M. Autism spectrum disorder: Terminology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis - UpToDate. Published 2018. Avaiable at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/autism-spectrum-disorder-terminology-epidemiology-and-pathogenesis Accessed: 15.12. 2020.
- 3. Hertz-PicciottoI . Environmental risk factors in autism: results from large-scale epidemiological studies. In: Amaral DG, Dawson G, Geschwind DH (eds). Autism Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 2011, pp 827–862.
- 4. Baio J, Wiggins L, Christensen DL, Maenner MJ, Daniels J, Warren Z et al. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016. MMWR SurveillSumm 2020;69(No. SS-4):1–12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1external icon
- 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders—Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. MMWR Surveillance Summary, 63(SS02), 1–21.2014
- 6. Steiner AM, Goldsmith TR, Snow A V., Chawarska K. Practitioner’s Guide to Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Infants and Toddlers. J Autism Dev Disord 2012,42(6):1183–96.
- 7. Shattuck PT, Durkin M, Maenner M, Newschaffer C, Mandell DS, Wiggins L, et all. The timing of identification among children with an autism spectrum disorder: Findings from a population-based surveillance study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009,48(5):474–83.
- 8. Volkmar FR, Chawarska K, Klin A. Autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers; an introduction. In A. K. Katarzyna Chawarska, Fred R Volkmar (Ed.), Autism spectrum disorders in infants and toddlers; diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 1-22). New York: Guilford Press.2008
- 9. Jennifer Harrison Elder, Consuelo Maun Kreider, Susan N Brasher, Margaret Ansell Clinical impact of early diagnosis of autism on the prognosis and parent–child relationships Psychol Res BehavManag. 2017; 10: 283–292. Published online 2017 Aug 24. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S117499.
- 10. Volkmar FR., Klin A. Issues in the classification of autism and related conditions. In: Volkmar FR, Paul R, Klin A, Cohen DJ, eds. Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2005:5–41.
- 11. Kara B, Mukaddes NM, Altınkaya I, Güntepe D, Gökçay G, Özmen M. Using the modified checklist for autism in toddlers in a well-child clinic in Turkey: adapting the screening method based on culture and setting. Autism. 2014;18(3):331-8. doi: 10.1177/1362361312467864. Epub 2012.
- 12. Robins DL, Casagrande K, Barton M, Chen CM, Dumont-Mathieu T, Fein D. Validation of the modified checklist for Autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics. 2014;133(1):37-45. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1813
- 13. Johnson CP, Myers SM. Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Pediatrics 2007,120(5):1183–215.
- 14. Anwar MS, Tahir M, Nusrat K, Khan MR. Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions Regarding Autism Among Parents in Karachi, Pakistan. Cureus 2018; 10(9): e3299.
- 15. Deeb, RaidMousa Al-Shaik. "Knowledge of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder of Behavior Modification Methods and Their Training Needs Accordingly." International Education Studies 9.10 (2016): 141-154.
- 16. Fernell E, Eriksson MA, Gillberg C: Early diagnosis of autism and impact on prognosis: a narrative review. Clin Epidemiol. 2013, 5:33-43.
- 17. Gerber JS, Offit PA. Vaccines and autism: a tale of shifting hypotheses. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 15;48(4):456-61. doi: 10.1086/596476., Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD. Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine. 2014 Jun 17;32(29):3623-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085.
- 18. Tager-Flusberg H. Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2016 Feb;59(1):143-54. doi: 10.1044/2015_JSLHR-L-15-0146..
- 19. Ertem İÖ, Atay G, Gümüş D, Bayhan A, Bingöler B, Gök C, et all .Mothers’ Knowledge of Young Child Development in a Developing Country. Child: Care, Health and Development.2007,33(6), 728-737.
- 20. Ayub A, Naeem B, Ahmed WN, et al.: Knowledge and perception regarding autism among primary school teachers: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan, South Asia. Indian JCommunity Med. 2017, 42:177-179. 10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_121_16
- 21. Shaukat F, Fatima A, Zehra N, Hussein MA, Ismail O: Assessment of knowledge about childhood autism among medical students from private and public universities in Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014, 64:1331-1334.
- 22. Barbaro J, Dissanayake C. Autism spectrum disorders in infancy and toddlerhood: a review of the evidence on early signs, early identification tools, and early diagnosis. J Dev BehavPediatr, 2009,30(5), 447-459.
- 23. Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Ashwal S, Baranek GT, Cook EH, Dawson G, et all. Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Am Acad Neurol 55(4):468–79, 2000.
- 24. Rhoades RA, Scarpa A, Salley B. The importance of physician knowledge of autism spectrum disorder: results of a parent survey. BMC Pediatrics 2007, 7:37.
- 25. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Children With Disabilities. Technical report: the pediatrician’s role in the diagnosis and management of autistic spectrum disorder in children. Pediatrics. 2001;107(5). Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/5/e85.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | İç Hastalıkları |
| Bölüm | Orijinal Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 10 Eylül 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 26 Nisan 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3 |
Sağlığın ve birinci basamak bakımın anlaşılmasına ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacak yeni bilgilere sahip yazarların İngilizce veya Türkçe makaleleri memnuniyetle karşılanmaktadır.