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SERBEST ZAMANDA SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMININ MUTLULUK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ KONUSUNDA KÜLTÜRLER ARASI BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 87 - 100, 15.04.2023

Öz

Serbest zamanların eğlenceli bir biçimde geçirilmesi, bireylere mutluluk getiren çok önemli faktörlerden biridir. Daha iyi bir yaşam elde edebilmek adına çalışmak durumunda olduğumuz zorunlu zamanların dışında kalan serbest zamanlarda kişiler eğlenmeye ve dinlenmeye çalışırlar. Yapılan birçok araştırmaya göre, odak noktası gençler olduğunda serbest zamanlarda keyifli vakit geçirmek için yapılan birincil aktivitenin, sosyal medyada gezinmek olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak, gençler genellikle psikolojileri ve iyilik hallerini olumsuz etkileyen, bağımlılık düzeyinde sosyal medya kullanımlarıyla anılmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma ise, konuya diğer taraftan yaklaşarak, üniversite çağındaki gençlerin sosyal medya kullanımları ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasında doğrudan bir ilişki olup olmadığını tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu sebeple, mutluluk kuramını merkeze alarak, özellikle gençleri nelerin mutlu ettiğini ve mutluluk düzeylerine etki etmesi muhtemelen bir serbest zaman etkinliği olarak sosyal medya kullanımları incelenmiştir. Türkiye ve Pakistan’daki 387 üniversite öğrencisi tarafından doldurulan Sosyal Medya Kullanım Ölçeği ve Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği’nden elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar doğrultusunda, gençlerin sosyal medya kullanımları ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasında doğrudan bir ilişki olmadığı bulunmuştur. Bu bulguların muhtemel açıklamaları, makale içerisinde tartışılacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Abel, J.P., Buff, C.L., & Burr, S.A. (2016). Social Media and the Fear of Missing Out: Scale Development and Assessment. Journal of Business & Economic Research – First Quarter 2016, 14(1), 33-44.
  • Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. London: Methuen.
  • Argyle, M., & Martin, M. (1991). The psychological causes of happiness. In F. Strack M. Rgyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective Well-Being: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 77-101). Elmsford, NY, US: Pergamon Press.
  • Atay, B. (2012). Happiness in East Europe in Comparison with Turkey. BA Thesis, Istanbul Bilgi University.
  • Azher, M., Khan, R.B., Salim, M., Bilal, M., Hussain, A., & Haseeb, M. (2014). The relationship between Internet addiction and anxiety among students of University of Sargodha. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(1), 288-293.
  • Bae, J. H. (2001). Generation Effect on Gratification Obtained From Mobile Phone Use and Perception as Interpersonal Communication Medium. Korean Journalism and Communication Studies, 45: 160-188.
  • Balakrishnan, V., & Raj, R. G. (2012). Exploring the relationship between urbanized Malaysian youth and their mobile phones: A quantitative approach. Telematics and Informatics, 29 (3): 263–272.
  • Bargh, J., & McKenna, K. (2004). The Internet and social life. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 573–590.
  • Bennett, S., Maton, K. & Kervin, L. (2008), “The ‘digital natives’ debate: a critical review of the evidence”, British Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 39 No. 5, pp. 775-786.
  • Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Smartphone Addiction Symptoms, and Patterns of Smartphone Use to Social Capital. Social Science Computer Review. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528779. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0894439314528779?journalCode=ssce
  • Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72.
  • Bolton, R.N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., Loureiro, Y.K., & Solnet, D. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and Their Use of Social Media: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Service Managamenet, 24(3), 245-267.
  • Buhrmester, D., & Prager, K. (1995). Patterns and functions of self-disclosure during childhood and adolescence. In K. J. Rotenberg (Ed.), Disclosure Processes in Children and Adolescents (pp. 10–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cabral, J. (2011). Is Generation Y Addicted to Social Media? The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 2(1), 5-14.
  • Caronia, L. & Caron, A. H. (2004). Constructing a specific culture: Young people’s use of the mobile phone as a social performance. Convergence, 10 (2): 28 – 61.
  • Cheung, C.M.K., Chiu, P., & Lee, M.K.O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1337-1343.
  • Chiu, S.I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-Efficacy and social self-Efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, pp. 49-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024
  • Choi, H.S., Lee, H.K., & Ha, J.C. (2012). The influence of smartphone addiction on mental health, campus life and personal relations – Focusing on K university students. Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society, 23(5), pp. 1005-1015. doi: 10.7465/jkdi.2012.23.5.1005
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement), 95-120.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Wong, M.M. (1991). The situational and personal correlates of happiness: a cross-national comparison. In F. Strack M. Rgyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective Well-Being: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 193-213). Elmsford, NY, US: Pergamon Press.
  • Çağır, G., & Gürgan, U. (2010). The Relationship Between the Levels of High School and University Students’ Problematic Use of Internet and Their Perceived Wellness and Loneliness Levels. Balıkesir University Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences, 13(24), 70-85.
  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157.
  • Dogan, T., Totan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2013). The Role of Self-Esteem, Psychological Well-Being, Emotional Self-Efficacy, and Affect Balance on Happiness: A Path Model. European Scientific Journal, 9(20), 31-42.
  • Dunne, A., Lawlor, A., & Rowley, J. (2010). Young people’s use of online social network sites – a uses and gratifications perspective”. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 4(1), 46-58.
  • Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The Benefits of Facebook “Friends”: Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1143-1168. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
  • Francis, L.J., Ok, Ü., & Robbins, M. (2017). Religion and Happiness: A Study Among University Students in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 56, 1335-1347. doi: 10.1007/s10943-016-0189-8
  • Harper, R. (2001). ‘The Mobile Interface: Old Technologies and New Arguments. In B. Brown, N. Green, & R. Harper (Eds.), Wireless World: Social and Interactional Aspects of the Mobile Age (pp. 207-224). London: Springer.
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  • Hawi, N.S., & Samaha, M.S. (2016). The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Social Science Computer Review, 1-11. doi: 10.1177/0894439316660340
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AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 87 - 100, 15.04.2023

Öz

Enjoying one’s leisure time is one of the significant factors that provides happiness to people. Apart from the obligatory times that we need to work to gain a better life, we try to enjoy and relax in our leisure times. As many studies demonstrate, the primary activity that young people do to enjoy their leisure times today is to navigate in social media platforms. However, young people are mostly mentioned with addictive social media usage which damages their psychology and well-being. This study, on the other hand, aims to measure whether there is a direct relationship with the social media usage of college youth and their happiness levels. For this reason, we took the theory of happiness at the center, specifically focusing on what makes today’s youth happy, and their social media use as a leisure activity which may have impact on their happiness levels. As a result of applying surveys that include Social Media Use Integration Scale and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire on 387 college-aged students in total from Turkey and Pakistan, we found that there is no direct relationship between social media use and happiness levels of youth. Possible explanations of these findings will be discussed throughout the article.

Kaynakça

  • Abel, J.P., Buff, C.L., & Burr, S.A. (2016). Social Media and the Fear of Missing Out: Scale Development and Assessment. Journal of Business & Economic Research – First Quarter 2016, 14(1), 33-44.
  • Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. London: Methuen.
  • Argyle, M., & Martin, M. (1991). The psychological causes of happiness. In F. Strack M. Rgyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective Well-Being: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 77-101). Elmsford, NY, US: Pergamon Press.
  • Atay, B. (2012). Happiness in East Europe in Comparison with Turkey. BA Thesis, Istanbul Bilgi University.
  • Azher, M., Khan, R.B., Salim, M., Bilal, M., Hussain, A., & Haseeb, M. (2014). The relationship between Internet addiction and anxiety among students of University of Sargodha. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(1), 288-293.
  • Bae, J. H. (2001). Generation Effect on Gratification Obtained From Mobile Phone Use and Perception as Interpersonal Communication Medium. Korean Journalism and Communication Studies, 45: 160-188.
  • Balakrishnan, V., & Raj, R. G. (2012). Exploring the relationship between urbanized Malaysian youth and their mobile phones: A quantitative approach. Telematics and Informatics, 29 (3): 263–272.
  • Bargh, J., & McKenna, K. (2004). The Internet and social life. Annual Review of Psychology, 55(1), 573–590.
  • Bennett, S., Maton, K. & Kervin, L. (2008), “The ‘digital natives’ debate: a critical review of the evidence”, British Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 39 No. 5, pp. 775-786.
  • Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Smartphone Addiction Symptoms, and Patterns of Smartphone Use to Social Capital. Social Science Computer Review. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314528779. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0894439314528779?journalCode=ssce
  • Blackwell, D., Leaman, C., Tramposch, R., Osborne, C., & Liss, M. (2017). Extraversion, neuroticism, attachment style and fear of missing out as predictors of social media use and addiction. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 69-72.
  • Bolton, R.N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., Loureiro, Y.K., & Solnet, D. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and Their Use of Social Media: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Service Managamenet, 24(3), 245-267.
  • Buhrmester, D., & Prager, K. (1995). Patterns and functions of self-disclosure during childhood and adolescence. In K. J. Rotenberg (Ed.), Disclosure Processes in Children and Adolescents (pp. 10–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cabral, J. (2011). Is Generation Y Addicted to Social Media? The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 2(1), 5-14.
  • Caronia, L. & Caron, A. H. (2004). Constructing a specific culture: Young people’s use of the mobile phone as a social performance. Convergence, 10 (2): 28 – 61.
  • Cheung, C.M.K., Chiu, P., & Lee, M.K.O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1337-1343.
  • Chiu, S.I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-Efficacy and social self-Efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, pp. 49-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024
  • Choi, H.S., Lee, H.K., & Ha, J.C. (2012). The influence of smartphone addiction on mental health, campus life and personal relations – Focusing on K university students. Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society, 23(5), pp. 1005-1015. doi: 10.7465/jkdi.2012.23.5.1005
  • Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement), 95-120.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Wong, M.M. (1991). The situational and personal correlates of happiness: a cross-national comparison. In F. Strack M. Rgyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective Well-Being: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (pp. 193-213). Elmsford, NY, US: Pergamon Press.
  • Çağır, G., & Gürgan, U. (2010). The Relationship Between the Levels of High School and University Students’ Problematic Use of Internet and Their Perceived Wellness and Loneliness Levels. Balıkesir University Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences, 13(24), 70-85.
  • Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157.
  • Dogan, T., Totan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2013). The Role of Self-Esteem, Psychological Well-Being, Emotional Self-Efficacy, and Affect Balance on Happiness: A Path Model. European Scientific Journal, 9(20), 31-42.
  • Dunne, A., Lawlor, A., & Rowley, J. (2010). Young people’s use of online social network sites – a uses and gratifications perspective”. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 4(1), 46-58.
  • Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The Benefits of Facebook “Friends”: Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1143-1168. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
  • Francis, L.J., Ok, Ü., & Robbins, M. (2017). Religion and Happiness: A Study Among University Students in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 56, 1335-1347. doi: 10.1007/s10943-016-0189-8
  • Harper, R. (2001). ‘The Mobile Interface: Old Technologies and New Arguments. In B. Brown, N. Green, & R. Harper (Eds.), Wireless World: Social and Interactional Aspects of the Mobile Age (pp. 207-224). London: Springer.
  • Haug, S., Castro, R.P., Kwon, M., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., & Schaub, M.P. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), pp. 299-307. doi: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.037
  • Hawi, N.S., & Samaha, M.S. (2016). The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Social Science Computer Review, 1-11. doi: 10.1177/0894439316660340
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  • Margaryan, A., LittleJohn, A., & Vojt, G. Are digital natives a myth or reality? University students’ use of digital Technologies. Computers & Education, 56, 429-440.
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  • Nie, N. H. (2001). Sociability, interpersonal relations, and the Internet: Reconciling conflicting findings. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 420–35.
  • Özata, F.Z., Kılıçer, T., & Ağlargöz, F. (2014). Social Networking Site User Young Adults from Addicts to Distants: User Profiles in Terms of Gratifications Obtained and Activities. Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, 14(3), 19-38.
  • Öztürk, A., & Mutlu, T. (2010). The relationship between attachment style, subjective well-being, happiness and social anxiety among university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1772-1776. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.398
  • Panek, E. (2014). Left to Their Own Devices: College Students’ “Guilty Pleasure” Media Use and Time Management. Communication Research, 41(4), 561-577. doi: 10.1177/0093650213499657
  • Park, N., Kee, K.F., & Valenzuela, S. (2009), “Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes”, CyberPsychology & Behavior, Vol. 12 No. 6, 729-733.
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  • Wang, Z., Tchernev, J.M., & Solloway, T. (2012). A dynamic longitudinal examination of social media use, needs, and gratifications among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1829-1839. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.001
  • Wei, R., & Lo, V. H. (2006). Staying connected while on the move: Mobile phone use and social connectedness. New Media & Society, 8, 53–72. doi:10.1177/1461444806059870
  • Wellman, B., Haase, A. Q., Witte, J., & Hampton, K. (2001). Does the Internet increase, decrease, or supplement social capital? Social networks, participation, and community commitment. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(3), 436.
  • White, J., & Mills, D.J. (2012). Examining attitudes towards and usage of smart phone technology among Japanese university students studying EFL. CALL-EJ, 15(2): 1-15.
  • Wu, A.M.S., Cheung, V.I., Ku, L., & Hung, E.P.W. (2013). Psychological risk factors of addiction to social networking sites among Chinese smartphone users. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(3), 160-166. doi: 10.1556/JBA.2.2013.006
  • Next Generation Türkiye: Gençlerin Sesini Dinlemek. 2017. British Council, Retrieved in 23.05.2018 https://www.britishcouncil.org.tr/sites/default/files/britishcouncil_nextgeneration_turkiye_temel_bulgular.pdf
  • Definition of happiness in English, Oxford Living Dictionaries. Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/happiness
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  • Life Satisfaction Research, 2017. (2018, 23th of February). Turkish Statistical Institute, Retrieved in 22.06.2018 http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=27590
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Esra Cizmeci Ümit 0000-0003-1193-9112

Syed Muhammad Saqib Saleem Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7660-8069

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Nisan 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Cizmeci Ümit, E., & Saleem, S. M. S. (2023). AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.1118057
AMA Cizmeci Ümit E, Saleem SMS. AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS. YSBD. Nisan 2023;13(1):87-100. doi:10.17828/yalovasosbil.1118057
Chicago Cizmeci Ümit, Esra, ve Syed Muhammad Saqib Saleem. “AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13, sy. 1 (Nisan 2023): 87-100. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.1118057.
EndNote Cizmeci Ümit E, Saleem SMS (01 Nisan 2023) AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13 1 87–100.
IEEE E. Cizmeci Ümit ve S. M. S. Saleem, “AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS”, YSBD, c. 13, sy. 1, ss. 87–100, 2023, doi: 10.17828/yalovasosbil.1118057.
ISNAD Cizmeci Ümit, Esra - Saleem, Syed Muhammad Saqib. “AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 13/1 (Nisan 2023), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.1118057.
JAMA Cizmeci Ümit E, Saleem SMS. AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS. YSBD. 2023;13:87–100.
MLA Cizmeci Ümit, Esra ve Syed Muhammad Saqib Saleem. “AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS”. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 87-100, doi:10.17828/yalovasosbil.1118057.
Vancouver Cizmeci Ümit E, Saleem SMS. AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LEISURE TIME AND ITS IMPACT ON HAPPINESS. YSBD. 2023;13(1):87-100.