Research Article
Year 2023,
, 161 - 165, 17.03.2023
Abstract
References
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- Alonso-Lana S, Marquié M, Ruiz A, et al. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 and effects on elderly individuals with dementia. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2020;369.
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- Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. MedRxiv. 2020.
- Liu YH, Wang YR, Wang QH, et al. Post-infection cognitive impairments in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19. Molecular neurodegeneration. 2021;16(1), 1-10.
- Ortelli P, Ferrazzoli D, Sebastianelli L, ,et al. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological correlates of fatigue in post-acute patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19: Insights into a challenging symptom. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2021;420:117271.
- Korczyn AD. Dementia in the COVID-19 period. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2020;75(4):1071.
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- Hariyanto TI, Putri C, Arisa J, et al. Dementia and outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2021;93:104299.
- Rahman A, Tabassum T, Araf Y, et al. Silent hypoxia in COVID-19: pathomechanism and possible management strategy. Molecular biology reports. 2021;48(4):3863-3869.
- Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(23): 2268-2270.
- Iroegbu JD, Ifenatuoha CW, and Ijomone OM. Potential neurological impact of coronaviruses: implications for the novel SARS-CoV-2. Neurological Sciences. 2020;41:1329–1337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04469-4
- Montalvan V, Lee J, Bueso T, et al. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: a systematic review. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2020;194:105921.
- Amanzio M, Canessa N, Bartoli M, et al. Lockdown effects on healthy cognitive aging during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. Frontiers in psychology. 2021;12.
- Kira IA, Alpay EH, Ayna YE, et al. The effects of COVID-19 continuous traumatic stressors on mental health and cognitive functioning: A case example from Turkey. Current Psychology. 2021:1-12.
The Link Between COVID-19 and Executive Functions in the Geriatric Population: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Background: Geriatric population is known to be at a greater risk for the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). Previous literature provided evidence for the association between viral infections and cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate executive functions in older adults who were infected by COVID-19.
Methods: A total of 47 participants with healthy cognition over the age of 65 (M:75.4±5.91, minimum-maximum:65-85) were enrolled in the study. The sample was selected from older adults residing in a nursing home in Istanbul. Based on their history of COVID-19 infection, the sample was divided into two groups as COVID-P (22 participants who got Covid-19 in the last six months) and COVID-N (25 participants who did not get Covid-19) which did not significantly differ in terms of age and education. A mini mental state examination was applied to verify the mental status of participants. Trail Making Test (TMT) and Clock Drawing test (CDT) were used to assess executive functions.
Results: The analyses showed that COVID-P group displayed significantly lower performance in the completion of both forms of TMT as compared to COVID-N group (p< .05 for both TMT-A and TMT-B). However, groups did not significantly differ in their CDT performance (p> .05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that COVID-19 can negatively affect the executive functions in the old age population.
Keywords
References
- Almeria M, Cejudo JC, Sotoca J, et al. Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection: Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological impairment. Brain, behavior, & immunity-health. 2020;9:100163.
- Alonso-Lana S, Marquié M, Ruiz A, et al. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 and effects on elderly individuals with dementia. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2020;369.
- Liu YH, Chen Y, Wang QH, et al. One-year trajectory of cognitive changes in older survivors of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a longitudinal cohort study. JAMA neurology. 2022; 79(5), 509-517.
- Tondo G, Sarasso B, Serra P, et al. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Cognition of People with Dementia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(8):4285.
- Arica-Polat BS, Gündoğdu AA, Cinar N, et al. Evaluation of cognitive deficits in patients infected with COVID-19. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2022;26(2):678-685.
- Itzhaki RF and Wozniak MA. Viral infection and cognitive decline. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2007;55:131–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.01001.x
- Sochocka M, Zwolińska K and Leszek J. The infectious etiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Current Neuropharmacology. 2017;15:996–1009. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x15666170313122937
- Muñoz LS, Garcia MA, Gordon-Lipkin E, et al. Emerging viral infections and their impact on the global burden of neurological disease. Seminars in Neurology. 2018;38:163–175. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647247
- Mainland BJ, Shulman KI. Clock drawing test. In Cognitive screening instruments. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. p. 67-108
- Cangoz B, Karakoc E and Selekler K. Trail Making Test: normative data for Turkish elderly population by age, sex and education. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2009;283(1-2):73-78.
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE and McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of psychiatric research. 1975;12(3):189-198.
- Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, et al.. Reliability and validity of the standardized Mini Mental State Examination in the diagnosis of mild dementia in Turkish population. Turk psikiyatri dergisi= Turkish journal of psychiatry. 2002;13(4):273-281.
- Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. MedRxiv. 2020.
- Liu YH, Wang YR, Wang QH, et al. Post-infection cognitive impairments in a cohort of elderly patients with COVID-19. Molecular neurodegeneration. 2021;16(1), 1-10.
- Ortelli P, Ferrazzoli D, Sebastianelli L, ,et al. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological correlates of fatigue in post-acute patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19: Insights into a challenging symptom. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2021;420:117271.
- Korczyn AD. Dementia in the COVID-19 period. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2020;75(4):1071.
- Numbers K and Brodaty H. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2021;17(2):69-70. doi:10.1038/s41582-020-00450-z
- Hariyanto TI, Putri C, Arisa J, et al. Dementia and outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2021;93:104299.
- Rahman A, Tabassum T, Araf Y, et al. Silent hypoxia in COVID-19: pathomechanism and possible management strategy. Molecular biology reports. 2021;48(4):3863-3869.
- Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, et al. Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(23): 2268-2270.
- Iroegbu JD, Ifenatuoha CW, and Ijomone OM. Potential neurological impact of coronaviruses: implications for the novel SARS-CoV-2. Neurological Sciences. 2020;41:1329–1337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04469-4
- Montalvan V, Lee J, Bueso T, et al. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: a systematic review. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2020;194:105921.
- Amanzio M, Canessa N, Bartoli M, et al. Lockdown effects on healthy cognitive aging during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. Frontiers in psychology. 2021;12.
- Kira IA, Alpay EH, Ayna YE, et al. The effects of COVID-19 continuous traumatic stressors on mental health and cognitive functioning: A case example from Turkey. Current Psychology. 2021:1-12.
There are 24 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Geriatrics and Gerontology, Neurosciences |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 17, 2023 |
| Submission Date | January 2, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 |