The Difficulties Experienced by Tradesmen According to the Situation of Closing Their Businesses During the Pandemic Period and Their Depression Status

Cihan Önen; Ahmet Irmak

doi:10.31067/acusaglik.1314983

Research Article

The Difficulties Experienced by Tradesmen According to the Situation of Closing Their Businesses During the Pandemic Period and Their Depression Status

Year 2024, , 424 - 429, 01.10.2024

Cihan Önen , Ahmet Irmak

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1314983

Abstract

Background and Purpose: COVID-19, which continues to have a global impact, poses many challenges to small businesses. Due to the measures taken against the pandemic, tradesmen closed their small businesses and faced many difficulties. As a result of the difficulties experienced by the tradesmen, they have been adversely affected in terms of economic, social, and health factors. Based on these situations, the study was conducted to determine the depression level of the tradesmen during the pandemic, to determine the difficulties they experienced in their own words, and to determine its relationship with depression.
Materials and Methods: The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of 1100 people working as tradesmen in the Bitlis city center. The sample of the study, 285 individuals, was reached by the simple random method. Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form" and "Beck Depression Inventory".
Results: 17.2% of tradesmen have severe depression, and 37.9% have moderate depression symptoms. The tradesmen stated that they experienced difficulties such as family problems, laying off personnel, and experiencing physical and mental problems during the lockdown measures. Layoffs and family problems among business owners due to lockdown measures are more closely associated with depression symptoms.
Conclusion: During the pandemic, the depression level of tradesmen was higher than that of the general population. Challenges, particularly family problems, have emerged that may increase the level of depression symptoms among business owners.

Keywords

Coronavirus, Pandemic, Small Businesses, Tradesmen, Depression

Supporting Institution

No support was received from any institution or person for the article.

References

1. World Health Organization, WHO (2023). Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19-11 January 2023 [İnternet]. [Cited 2023 Jan 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---11-january-2023.
2. Radlović I, Hunjet A and Kozina G. Entrepreneurship during the times of the coronavirus pandemic in Republic of Croatia. INDECS 2021;19(2):227-238, 202. DOI:10.7906/indecs.19.2.4.
3. Kalogiannidis S. Covid Impact on Small Business. International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention 2020;06(12):387-391. DOI:10.23958/ijssei/vol06-i12/257.
4. Stalmasekova N and Grznar P. Shifts in the behavior of businesses due to the pandemic situation. Marketing Identity: Covid-2.0 2020;575-584.
5. Feiz Arefi M, Babaei-Pouya A and Poursadeqiyan M. The health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work (Reading, Mass.). 2020;67(3):523-527. DOI:10.3233/WOR-203306.
6. Simachev Yu, Dolgopyatova T and Yakovlev A. COVID-19 pandemic: The reaction of Russian enterprises and challenges for the post-crisis development. Journal of the New Economic Association, 2021;52(4):228-235. DOI:10.31737/2221-2264-2021-52-4-10.
7. Lathabhavan R. COVID-19 and mental health concerns among business owners: a cross-sectional study from India. Int J Ment Health Addiction, 2022. DOI:10.1007/s11469-022-00824-y.
8. Ullah H, Ahmad S and Basit A. Impact of covid-19 pandemic on well-being and mental health of business community. Bioscience Research, 2021;18(2):1219-1228.
9. Aki ÖE. Covıd-19 pandemic and the mental health of elderly review. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 2020;23(3):291-298. DOI:10.31086/tjgeri.2020.165.
10. Shi L, Lu ZA, Que J, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with mental health symptoms among the general population in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2014053. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053.
11. Beder Şen R and Yurtkuran S. Socio-demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural characteristics of families residing in Bitlis and the power of moral laws in social life. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 2004; (7).
12. Beck AT, Ward C, Mendelson M, et al. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561–571.
13. Hisli N. Validity and reliability of Beck Depression Inventory for university students. Journal of Psychology, 1989;7(23):3-13.
14. Kılınç S and Torun F. Depression rating scales used in clinical practice in Turkey. Dirim Medical Newspaper, 2011;86:39-47.
15. Çakır Kardeş V. Mental and behavioral evaluation of during and after the pandemic. Turk J Diab Obes. 2020; 4: 160–169.
16. Çetin D and Aral N. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic process on family communucation in Turkey. Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin aile içi iletişime etkisi. KTO Karatay University Journal of Health Sciences, 2021;3(2):80-90.
17. Park J and Kim B. Associations of small business closure and reduced urban mobility with mental health problems in COVID-19 pandemic: a national representative sample study. J Urban Health. 2021;98(1):13–26. DOI:10.1007/s11524-020-00511-0.
18. Trivedi MH. The link between depression and physical symptoms. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;6(Suppl 1):12-16.
19. Demyen S. from fragility to resilience-how prepared was the Romanian business environment to face the COVID-19 crisis? J. Risk Financial Manag. 2022;15(2):59. DOI:10.3390/jrfm15020059.
20. Ustun G. Determining depression and related factors in a society affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2021;67(1):54-63. DOI: 10.1177/0020764020938807.

Year 2024, , 424 - 429, 01.10.2024

Cihan Önen , Ahmet Irmak

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1314983

Abstract

References

1. World Health Organization, WHO (2023). Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19-11 January 2023 [İnternet]. [Cited 2023 Jan 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---11-january-2023.
2. Radlović I, Hunjet A and Kozina G. Entrepreneurship during the times of the coronavirus pandemic in Republic of Croatia. INDECS 2021;19(2):227-238, 202. DOI:10.7906/indecs.19.2.4.
3. Kalogiannidis S. Covid Impact on Small Business. International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention 2020;06(12):387-391. DOI:10.23958/ijssei/vol06-i12/257.
4. Stalmasekova N and Grznar P. Shifts in the behavior of businesses due to the pandemic situation. Marketing Identity: Covid-2.0 2020;575-584.
5. Feiz Arefi M, Babaei-Pouya A and Poursadeqiyan M. The health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work (Reading, Mass.). 2020;67(3):523-527. DOI:10.3233/WOR-203306.
6. Simachev Yu, Dolgopyatova T and Yakovlev A. COVID-19 pandemic: The reaction of Russian enterprises and challenges for the post-crisis development. Journal of the New Economic Association, 2021;52(4):228-235. DOI:10.31737/2221-2264-2021-52-4-10.
7. Lathabhavan R. COVID-19 and mental health concerns among business owners: a cross-sectional study from India. Int J Ment Health Addiction, 2022. DOI:10.1007/s11469-022-00824-y.
8. Ullah H, Ahmad S and Basit A. Impact of covid-19 pandemic on well-being and mental health of business community. Bioscience Research, 2021;18(2):1219-1228.
9. Aki ÖE. Covıd-19 pandemic and the mental health of elderly review. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 2020;23(3):291-298. DOI:10.31086/tjgeri.2020.165.
10. Shi L, Lu ZA, Que J, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with mental health symptoms among the general population in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e2014053. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053.
11. Beder Şen R and Yurtkuran S. Socio-demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural characteristics of families residing in Bitlis and the power of moral laws in social life. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 2004; (7).
12. Beck AT, Ward C, Mendelson M, et al. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561–571.
13. Hisli N. Validity and reliability of Beck Depression Inventory for university students. Journal of Psychology, 1989;7(23):3-13.
14. Kılınç S and Torun F. Depression rating scales used in clinical practice in Turkey. Dirim Medical Newspaper, 2011;86:39-47.
15. Çakır Kardeş V. Mental and behavioral evaluation of during and after the pandemic. Turk J Diab Obes. 2020; 4: 160–169.
16. Çetin D and Aral N. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic process on family communucation in Turkey. Türkiye’de COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin aile içi iletişime etkisi. KTO Karatay University Journal of Health Sciences, 2021;3(2):80-90.
17. Park J and Kim B. Associations of small business closure and reduced urban mobility with mental health problems in COVID-19 pandemic: a national representative sample study. J Urban Health. 2021;98(1):13–26. DOI:10.1007/s11524-020-00511-0.
18. Trivedi MH. The link between depression and physical symptoms. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;6(Suppl 1):12-16.
19. Demyen S. from fragility to resilience-how prepared was the Romanian business environment to face the COVID-19 crisis? J. Risk Financial Manag. 2022;15(2):59. DOI:10.3390/jrfm15020059.
20. Ustun G. Determining depression and related factors in a society affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2021;67(1):54-63. DOI: 10.1177/0020764020938807.

There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Cihan Önen 0000-0002-9159-7396 Ahmet Irmak 0000-0003-1183-5815
Early Pub Date	September 17, 2024
Publication Date	October 1, 2024
Submission Date	June 15, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2024

Cite

EndNote	Önen C, Irmak A (October 1, 2024) The Difficulties Experienced by Tradesmen According to the Situation of Closing Their Businesses During the Pandemic Period and Their Depression Status. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15 4 424–429.