Which one is effective on pain associated with venipuncture and patient satisfaction? Six groups, randomised comparative trials

Ayşegül Yıldız İçigen; Şefika Dilek Sarıkaya

doi:10.31067/acusaglik.1771461

Which one is effective on pain associated with venipuncture and patient satisfaction? Six groups, randomised comparative trials

Abstract

Background: Venous blood collection is a common nursing procedure that often causes pain and anxiety, lowering patient satisfaction. Effective, evidence-based non-pharmacological strategies are essential for pain control and quality care. Methods: This randomized controlled trial employed a six-arm comparative design with 216 adults allocated equally to six groups: control, cold application, hot application, chewing gum, Valsalva maneuver, and stress ball (n=36 each). Pain was assessed using the numerical rating scale and satisfaction with the visual analog scale. The study followed the CONSORT 2010 checklist. Results: Group differences in pain scores were statistically significant (F=6.888; p<0.001). Compared with the control group, both the hot application and Valsalva maneuver groups reported lower pain (p<0.003). Moreover, the Valsalva group had significantly lower pain than the hot application group (p<0.05). Satisfaction scores did not significantly differ across groups (F=1.647; p=0.149). Conclusions: The Valsalva maneuver was the most effective intervention for reducing venipuncture-induced pain. Simple, evidence-based nursing interventions can be incorporated into routine practice to improve care quality.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

Approval was obtained from the Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Ethics Committee (30.05.2022, No: 207/6) and institutional permission from Nevşehir State Hospital (15.12.2022, No: E-26171210-929). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment.

Thanks

None

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Fundamentals of Nursing

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayşegül Yıldız İçigen ^*
0000-0002-5526-5917
Türkiye

Şefika Dilek Sarıkaya
0000-0002-2761-4665
Türkiye

Publication Date

February 18, 2026

Submission Date

August 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 17 Number: January, February, March 2026

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1771461

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA58XS44TU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

EndNote

Yıldız İçigen A, Sarıkaya ŞD (February 1, 2026) Which one is effective on pain associated with venipuncture and patient satisfaction? Six groups, randomised comparative trials. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 17 January, February, March 2026