Evaluating Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Use and Medication Adherence in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, types, and reasons for the use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) among individuals with type 2 diabetes, as well as the impact of CIM use on medication adherence. Methods: A descriptive-correlational design was used. Data were collected between February and June 2025 from 223 adults with type 2 diabetes in northern Türkiye through face-to-face interviews using a personal information form, CIM usage characteristics form and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. Results: Of the participants, 32.7% reported using at least one CIM product, most commonly cinnamon (46.6%), cherry stem (34.2%), black cumin (28.8%), and nettle (27.4%). Most users (82.2%) believed in the benefits of these products, while only 12.3% reported side effects. Nearly half (46.6%) did not disclose CIM use to healthcare professionals. CIM use was significantly associated with age (p=0.037) and residence (p=0.010); however no significant relationship was found between CIM use and medication adherence (p=0.868). It was determined that 56.9% of the participants had a moderate level of medication adherence. Conclusion: CIM use is prevalent and largely complementary to conventional treatment, but non-disclosure to healthcare professionals may create safety concerns. CIM use was not found to be significantly associated with medication adherence, indicating that it does not negatively affect adherence to prescribed therapies. Healthcare professionals should promote awareness regarding CIM and encourage its safe and transparent use.