The Turkish Version of The Childbirt H Fear ? Prior To Pregnancy Scale: The Validity and Reliability Study In Men and Women
Abstract
objective: The aim of this research was to apply the Childbirth Fear – Prior to Pregnancy Scale as developed by Stoll et al. 2016 to determine the pre-pregnancy birth fears of young Turkish men and women and to examine the psychometric their properties.method: After the scale was translated into Turkish and back translation studies were carried out, it was presented to seven professors two midwifery, four obstetrics and gynecology nursing and one psychiatric nursing experts . With the proposal of the experts, the female and male portions of the scale were separated and 1100 students 543 women and 557 men who were studying at a state university were administered the Women Childbirth Fear – Prior to Pregnancy Scale WCF-PPS and Men Childbirth Fear – Prior to Pregnancy Scale MCF-PPS . The validity and reliability analyses of the WCF-PPS and the MCF-PPS were performed separately. In the validity analysis, explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were examined; in the reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and test retest correlation were examined. The item total correlation coefficient and the significance levels of the mean of the upper / lower 27% groups were evaluated for the item analysis.Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consisted of 10 items and one factor in both female and male students, and in the confirmatory factor analysis it was determined that the WCF-PPS and MCF-PPS model had good adaptive values in both groups. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients obtained from the reliability analyses of the scale were 0.89 for WCF-PPS and 0.84 for MCF-PPS, and item-total correlation coefficients and test-retest reliability coefficients obtained at three-week intervals were acceptable for both groups.Conclusion: The obtained results showed that WCF-PPS and MCF-PPS have sufficient validity and reliability for Turkish university students
References
- Kjærgaard H, Wijma K, Dykes A‐K, Alehagen S. Fear of Childbirth in Obstetrically Low‐Risk Nulliparous Women in Sweden and Denmark. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 2008;26:340-50. [CrossRef]
- Fisher C, Hauck Y, Fenwick J. How Social Context Impacts on Women’s Fears of Childbirth: A Western Australian Example. Social Science & Medicine 2006;63:64-75. [CrossRef]
- Zar M, Wijma K, Wijma B. Relations Between Anxiety Disorders and Fear of Childbirth During Late Pregnancy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2002;9:122-30. [CrossRef]
- Hofberg K, Ward M. Fear of Pregnancy and Childbirth. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2003;79:505-10.
- Poikkeus P, Saisto T, Unkila-Kallio L, Punamaki R-L, Repokari L, Vilska S et al. Fear of Childbirth and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety in Women Conceiving with Assisted Reproduction. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:70-6. [CrossRef]
- Fenwick J, Gamble J, Nathan E, Bayes S, Hauck Y. Pre- and Postpartum Levels of Childbirth Fear and the Relationship to Birth Outcomes in a Cohort of Australian Women. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2009;18:667-77. [CrossRef]
- Ryding EL. Investigation of 33 Women who Demanded a Cesarean Section for Personal Reasons. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993;72:280-5.
- Sydsjö G, Angerbjörn L, Palmquist S, Bladh M, Sydsjö A, Josefsson A. Secondary Fear of Childbirth Prolongs the Time to Subsequent Delivery. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2013;92:210-4. [CrossRef]
- Faisal I, Matinnia N, Hejar AR, Khodakarami Z. Why do Primigravidae Request Caesarean Section in a Normal Pregnancy? A Qualitative Study in Iran. Midwifery 2014;30:227-33. [CrossRef]
- Fenwick J, Toohill J, Creedy DK, Smith J, Gamble J. Sources, Responses and Moderators of Childbirth Fear in Australian Women: A Qualitative Investigation. Midwifery 2015;31:239-46. [CrossRef]
- Saisto T, Halmesmaki E. Fear of Childbirth: A Neglected Dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:201-8.
- Eriksson C, Jansson L, Hamberg K. Women’s Experiences of Intense Fear Related to Childbirth Investigated in a Swedish Qualitative Study. Midwifery 2006;22:240-8. [CrossRef]
- Nilsson C, Bondas T, Lundgren I. Previous Birth Experience in Women with Intense Fear of Childbirth. JOGNN 2010;39:298-309. [CrossRef]
- Eriksson C, Westman G, Hamberg K. Experiential Factors Associated with Childbirth-Related Fear in Swedish Women and Men: A Population Based Study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2005;26:63-72.
- Bergstrom M, Rudman A, Waldenstrom U, Kieler H. Fear of Childbirth in expectant Fathers, Subsequent Childbirth Experience and Impact of Antenatal Education: Subanalysis of Results Froma Randomized Controlled Trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013;92:967-73. [CrossRef]
- Hanson S, Hunter LP, Bormann JR, Sobo EJ. Paternal Fears of Childbirth: A Literature Review. J Perinat Educ 2009;18:12-20. [CrossRef]
- Johansson M, Rubertsson C, Radestad I, Hildingsson I. Childbirth– An Emotionally Demanding Experience for Fathers. Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare 2012;3:11-20. [CrossRef]
- Johansson M, Fenwick J, Premberg A. A Meta-Synthesis of Fathers’ Experiences of Their Partner’s Labour and the Birth of their Baby. Midwifery 2015;31:9-18. [CrossRef]
- Stoll K, Hauck Y, Downe S, Edmonds J, Gross MM, Malott A, et al. Cross-Cultural Development and Psychometric Evaluation af a Measure to Assess Fear of Childbirth Prior to Pregnancy. Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare 2016;8:49-54. [CrossRef]
- Stoll K, Hall WA. Attitudes and Preferences of Young Women With Low and High Fear of Childbirth. Qualitative Health Research 2013;23:1495-505. [CrossRef]
- Stoll K, Hall W, Janssen P, Carty E. Why are Young Canadians afraid of Birth? A Survey Study of Childbirth Fear and Birth Preference Samong Canadian University Students. Midwifery 2014;30:220-6. [CrossRef]
- Gallagher F, Bell L, Waddell G, Benoîa A, Côté N. Requesting Cesareans without Medical Indications: An Option Being Considered by Young Canadian Women. Birth 2012:39;39-47. [CrossRef]
- Comrey AL, Lee HB. A First Course in Factor Analysis. 2nd edition. New York: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates, 1992:217.
- Aker S, Dündar C, Pekşen Y. Ölçme Araçlarında İki Yaşamsal Kavram: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik. O.M.Ü. Tıp Dergisi 2005;22:50-60.
- Gözüm S, Aksayan S. Kültürlerarası Ölçek Uyarlaması için Rehber II: Psikometrik Özellikler ve Kültürlerarası Karşılaştırma. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2003;1:3-14.
- Bowling A, Ebrahim S. Handbook of Health Research Methods: Investigation, Measurement and Analysis. Glasgow: Open University Press, 2005: 396-402.
- Büyüköztürk S. Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi 2002;32:470-83.
- Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. Sosyal Bilimler için çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. 3. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, 2014: 275-332.
- Kline B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Third Edition. New York: The Guilford Press, 2011: 1-12.
- Çapık C. Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmalarında Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizinin Kullanımı. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2014;17:196-205.
- Tavşancıl E. Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2010: 142-3.
Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Kadın ve Erkeklerde Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Stoll ve arkadaşları tarafından 2016 genç kadın ve erkeklerin gebelik öncesi doğum korkusunu belirlemeye yönelik Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeğini Türkçeye uyarlamak ve kadın ve erkeklerde psikometrik özelliklerini incelemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Ölçeğin Türkçeye çeviri ve geri çeviri çalışmaları yapıldıktan sonra, uzman görüşüne sunuldu. Uzmanların önerisiyle ölçeğin kadın ve erkek formu ayrılarak Kadın Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeği KGÖ-DKÖ ve Erkek Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeği EGÖ-DKÖ bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 1100 öğrenciye 543 kadın ve 557 erkek uygulandı. KGÖ-DKÖ ve EGÖ-DKÖ’nün geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri ayrı ayrı yapıldı. Geçerlik analizinde açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi; güvenirlik analizinde Cronbach’s alfa güvenirlik katsayısı ve test tekrar test korelasyonuna bakıldı. Madde analizi için madde toplam korelasyon katsayısı ve alt/üst %27’lik grupların ortalamaları arasındaki farkların anlamlılık düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin hem kadın öğrencilerde, hem de erkek öğrencilerde 10 madde ve tek faktörden oluştuğu, doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde KGÖ-DKÖ ve EGÖ-DKÖ modelinin iki grupta da iyi uyum değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizlerinden elde edilen Cronbach’s alfa iç tutarlılık katsayıları KGÖ-DKÖ için 0.89, EGÖ-DKÖ için 0.84 olduğu, madde toplam korelasyon katsayılarının ve üç hafta ara ile uygulama sonucu elde edilen test-tekrar test güvenilirlik katsayılarının iki grup içinde kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğu ve %27’lik alt-üst grup ortalamaları arasındaki farkların anlamlı bulundu.Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar KGÖ-DKÖ ve EGÖ-DKÖ’nün Türk üniversite öğrencileri için yeterli düzeyde geçerlik ve güvenirliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir
Keywords
References
- Kjærgaard H, Wijma K, Dykes A‐K, Alehagen S. Fear of Childbirth in Obstetrically Low‐Risk Nulliparous Women in Sweden and Denmark. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 2008;26:340-50. [CrossRef]
- Fisher C, Hauck Y, Fenwick J. How Social Context Impacts on Women’s Fears of Childbirth: A Western Australian Example. Social Science & Medicine 2006;63:64-75. [CrossRef]
- Zar M, Wijma K, Wijma B. Relations Between Anxiety Disorders and Fear of Childbirth During Late Pregnancy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2002;9:122-30. [CrossRef]
- Hofberg K, Ward M. Fear of Pregnancy and Childbirth. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2003;79:505-10.
- Poikkeus P, Saisto T, Unkila-Kallio L, Punamaki R-L, Repokari L, Vilska S et al. Fear of Childbirth and Pregnancy-Related Anxiety in Women Conceiving with Assisted Reproduction. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:70-6. [CrossRef]
- Fenwick J, Gamble J, Nathan E, Bayes S, Hauck Y. Pre- and Postpartum Levels of Childbirth Fear and the Relationship to Birth Outcomes in a Cohort of Australian Women. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2009;18:667-77. [CrossRef]
- Ryding EL. Investigation of 33 Women who Demanded a Cesarean Section for Personal Reasons. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993;72:280-5.
- Sydsjö G, Angerbjörn L, Palmquist S, Bladh M, Sydsjö A, Josefsson A. Secondary Fear of Childbirth Prolongs the Time to Subsequent Delivery. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2013;92:210-4. [CrossRef]
- Faisal I, Matinnia N, Hejar AR, Khodakarami Z. Why do Primigravidae Request Caesarean Section in a Normal Pregnancy? A Qualitative Study in Iran. Midwifery 2014;30:227-33. [CrossRef]
- Fenwick J, Toohill J, Creedy DK, Smith J, Gamble J. Sources, Responses and Moderators of Childbirth Fear in Australian Women: A Qualitative Investigation. Midwifery 2015;31:239-46. [CrossRef]
- Saisto T, Halmesmaki E. Fear of Childbirth: A Neglected Dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:201-8.
- Eriksson C, Jansson L, Hamberg K. Women’s Experiences of Intense Fear Related to Childbirth Investigated in a Swedish Qualitative Study. Midwifery 2006;22:240-8. [CrossRef]
- Nilsson C, Bondas T, Lundgren I. Previous Birth Experience in Women with Intense Fear of Childbirth. JOGNN 2010;39:298-309. [CrossRef]
- Eriksson C, Westman G, Hamberg K. Experiential Factors Associated with Childbirth-Related Fear in Swedish Women and Men: A Population Based Study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2005;26:63-72.
- Bergstrom M, Rudman A, Waldenstrom U, Kieler H. Fear of Childbirth in expectant Fathers, Subsequent Childbirth Experience and Impact of Antenatal Education: Subanalysis of Results Froma Randomized Controlled Trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013;92:967-73. [CrossRef]
- Hanson S, Hunter LP, Bormann JR, Sobo EJ. Paternal Fears of Childbirth: A Literature Review. J Perinat Educ 2009;18:12-20. [CrossRef]
- Johansson M, Rubertsson C, Radestad I, Hildingsson I. Childbirth– An Emotionally Demanding Experience for Fathers. Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare 2012;3:11-20. [CrossRef]
- Johansson M, Fenwick J, Premberg A. A Meta-Synthesis of Fathers’ Experiences of Their Partner’s Labour and the Birth of their Baby. Midwifery 2015;31:9-18. [CrossRef]
- Stoll K, Hauck Y, Downe S, Edmonds J, Gross MM, Malott A, et al. Cross-Cultural Development and Psychometric Evaluation af a Measure to Assess Fear of Childbirth Prior to Pregnancy. Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare 2016;8:49-54. [CrossRef]
- Stoll K, Hall WA. Attitudes and Preferences of Young Women With Low and High Fear of Childbirth. Qualitative Health Research 2013;23:1495-505. [CrossRef]
- Stoll K, Hall W, Janssen P, Carty E. Why are Young Canadians afraid of Birth? A Survey Study of Childbirth Fear and Birth Preference Samong Canadian University Students. Midwifery 2014;30:220-6. [CrossRef]
- Gallagher F, Bell L, Waddell G, Benoîa A, Côté N. Requesting Cesareans without Medical Indications: An Option Being Considered by Young Canadian Women. Birth 2012:39;39-47. [CrossRef]
- Comrey AL, Lee HB. A First Course in Factor Analysis. 2nd edition. New York: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates, 1992:217.
- Aker S, Dündar C, Pekşen Y. Ölçme Araçlarında İki Yaşamsal Kavram: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik. O.M.Ü. Tıp Dergisi 2005;22:50-60.
- Gözüm S, Aksayan S. Kültürlerarası Ölçek Uyarlaması için Rehber II: Psikometrik Özellikler ve Kültürlerarası Karşılaştırma. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2003;1:3-14.
- Bowling A, Ebrahim S. Handbook of Health Research Methods: Investigation, Measurement and Analysis. Glasgow: Open University Press, 2005: 396-402.
- Büyüköztürk S. Faktör Analizi: Temel Kavramlar ve Ölçek Geliştirmede Kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi 2002;32:470-83.
- Çokluk Ö, Şekercioğlu G, Büyüköztürk Ş. Sosyal Bilimler için çok Değişkenli İstatistik: SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. 3. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık, 2014: 275-332.
- Kline B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Third Edition. New York: The Guilford Press, 2011: 1-12.
- Çapık C. Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmalarında Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizinin Kullanımı. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2014;17:196-205.
- Tavşancıl E. Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2010: 142-3.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 1, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018Issue: 3 |