Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of maraş powder use and cigarette smoking amongst stroke patients in our region. Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, evaluation was made of 200 patients who had been diagnosed with stroke and were being followed up in the Neurology Polyclinic of Kahramanmaraş Sütcü Imam University between December 2017 and March 2018. A record was made for each case of age, sex, personal history, family history, and risk factors coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, smoking status, use of maraş powder and alcohol consumption . Neurological and physical examinations were performed. The findings of routine haematological and biochemical tests, carotidvertebral doppler ultrasonography, brain computed tomography and cranial magnetic resonance imaging were recorded. Results: A total of 200 patients were evaluated, comprising 121 60.5% males and 79 39.5% females with a mean age of 65.2±13 years. Risk factors were determined as hypertension in 146 73% patients, hyperlipidemia in 86 43% , diabetes mellitus in 61 31% , atrial fibrillation in 44 22% , coronary artery disease in 105 53% , cigarette smoking in 47 24% , maraş powder use in 34 17% and alcohol consumption in 7 4% . Employing the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project OCSP classification, the clinical syndrome was determined as total anterior circulation infarct in 4% of the patients, posterior circulation infarct in 21.5%, partial anterior circulation infarct in 43% and lacunar syndrome in 31.5%. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco are the most important modifiable risk factors for stroke. The effect on stroke of cigarette smoking and the use of smokeless tobacco must be kept in mind, and public awareness and education on this topic be undertaken. Lifestyle changes to protect against stroke should be advised.
Keywords
References
- Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics- 2015 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 131:29-322. [CrossRef]
- Albertson M, Sharma J. Stroke: current concepts. S D Med, 2014;67:455, 457-61, 463-5.
- Boehme AK, Esenwa C, Elkind MS. Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention. Circulation research, 2017; 120: 472-95. [CrossRef]
- Glover ED, Glover PN. The smokeless tobacco problem: risk groups in North America. Pounds (millions), 1992;3.
- Aral M, Ekerbicer HC, Celik M, Ciragil P, Gul M. Comparison of Effects of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco ‘Maras Powder’ Use on Humoral Immune System Parameters. Mediators Inflamm. 2006;2006:85019. [CrossRef]
- Kamal SM, Islam MA, Rahman MA. Sociopsychological Correlates of Smoking Among Male University Students in Bangladesh. Asia Pac J. Public Healt. 2011; 23:555–67. [CrossRef]
- Bonita R, Douglas K, Winkelmann R, De Courten M. The WHO STEP wise approach to surveillance (STEPS) of noncommunicable disease riskfactors. Chapter in (eds) McQueen, DV andPuska, P (editors); Global Risk Factor Surveillance. London: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; New York 2003; 9-22.
- Filippi A, Bignamini AA, Sessa E, Samani F, Mazzaglia G. Secondaryprevention of stroke in Italy. A Cross-sectionalsurvey in familypractice. Stroke 2003;34:1010-4. [CrossRef]
- Feigin VL, Krishnamurthi RV, Parmar P, Norrving B, Mensah GA, Bennett DA, et al. GBD 2013 WritingGroup. GBD 2013 Stroke Panel Experts Group Update on the Global Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in 1990-2013: the GBD 2013 study. Neuroepidemiology. 2015; 45: 161–76. [CrossRef]
- Hsieh FI, Chiou HY. Stroke: morbidity, risk factors, andcare in Taiwan. J Stroke. 2014;16:59–64. [CrossRef]
- İlhan S, Alp R, Kocer A, Boru U. Serebrovaskuler hastalıklarda major risk faktorleri, SVH tipi ve cinsiyet ilişkisi. KEAH 2002;3:170-2.
- Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, Cutler JA, Havas S, Kotchen TA, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory From The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA 2002; 288: 1882-8. [CrossRef]
- O’Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, et al. Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case- control study. Lancet. 2016;388:761–75. [CrossRef]
- Pirie K, Peto R, Reeves GK, Green J, Beral V; Million Women Study Collaborators. The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK. Lancet, 2013; 381:133-41. [CrossRef]
- Burns DM. Epidemiology of smoking-induced cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003; 46: 11–29. [CrossRef]
- Onat Ş, Erkin G. Risk factors for stroke. FTR Bil J PMR Sci 2008;1:30-7.
- Sanossian N, Ovbiagele B. Prevention and Managment of Stroke in Very Elderly Patients. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:1031-41. [CrossRef]
- Kurth T, Kase CS, Berger K, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Buring JE. Smokingand risk of hemorrhagicstroke in women. Stroke 2003;34:2792-95. [CrossRef]
- Jena SS, Kabi S, Panda BN, Kameswari BC, Payal, Behera IC, et al. Smokeless Tobacco and Stroke-A Clinico-epidemiological Follow- up Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:40. [CrossRef]
- Hergens MP, Lambe M, Pershagen G, Terent A, Ye W. Smokeless tobacco and the risk of stroke. Epidemiology. 2008;19:794-9. [CrossRef]
- Henley SJ, Thun MJ, Connell C, Calle EE. Two large prospective studies of mortality among men who use snuff or chewing tobacco (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:347–58. [CrossRef ]
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol 89. Smokeless tobacco products. Lyon: IARC, 2008; 4 4.
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bölgemizde inme geçiren olgularda sigara ve maraş otu kullanım alışkanlığının sıklığı incelendi. Hastalar ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada aralık 2017-mart 2018 tarihleri arasında Kahramanmaraş Sütçü imam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Noroloji polikliniğinde inme tanısı ile takip edilen 200 olgu prospektif olarak incelendi. Olguların yaş, cinsiyet, özgeçmiş, soygeçmiş, risk faktörleri koroner arter hastalığı, diabetes mellitus,hipertansiyon, atriyal fibrilasyon, hiperlipidemi, sigara, maraş otu, alkol kullanımı kaydedildi. Nörolojik ve Fizik muayeneleri yapıldı. Rutin hemogram,biyokimyasal tetkikleri, karototis-vertebral dopler ultrasonografi bulguları, bilgisayarlı beyin tomografi ve kranial manyetik rezonans bulguları kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmadaki 200 olgunun 121’i %60.5 erkek, 79’u %39.5 kadındı. İskemik inme geçiren 200 hastanın yaş ortalaması 65.2 ± 13 idi. Risk faktörleri; 146 %73 hastada hipertansiyon, 86 hastada %43 hiperlipidemi, 61 hastada %31 diyabetes mellitus, 44 hastada %22 atrial fibrilasyon, 105 hastada %53 koroner arter hastalığı, 47 hastada %24 sigara kullanımı, 34 hastada %17 Maraş otu kullanımı, 7 hastada %4 alkol kullanımı vardı Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project OCSP sınıflamasına göre klinik sendrom; %4’ünde total anterior sirkülasyon infarktı, %21.5’inde posterior sirkülasyon infarktları, %43’ü parsiyel anterior sirkülasyon infarktı ve %31.5’inde laküner sendrom olarak saptandı Sonuç: Sigara ve dumansız tütün kullanımı, inmenin en önemli değiştirilebilir risk faktörleridir. Sigara ve dumansız tütün kullanımının inme üzerine olan etkisi akılda tutulmalı, toplum bu konuda bilgilendirilmeli, insanlara inmeden korunma için yaşam biçimi değişikliği öğütlenmelidir.
Keywords
References
- Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics- 2015 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 131:29-322. [CrossRef]
- Albertson M, Sharma J. Stroke: current concepts. S D Med, 2014;67:455, 457-61, 463-5.
- Boehme AK, Esenwa C, Elkind MS. Stroke risk factors, genetics, and prevention. Circulation research, 2017; 120: 472-95. [CrossRef]
- Glover ED, Glover PN. The smokeless tobacco problem: risk groups in North America. Pounds (millions), 1992;3.
- Aral M, Ekerbicer HC, Celik M, Ciragil P, Gul M. Comparison of Effects of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco ‘Maras Powder’ Use on Humoral Immune System Parameters. Mediators Inflamm. 2006;2006:85019. [CrossRef]
- Kamal SM, Islam MA, Rahman MA. Sociopsychological Correlates of Smoking Among Male University Students in Bangladesh. Asia Pac J. Public Healt. 2011; 23:555–67. [CrossRef]
- Bonita R, Douglas K, Winkelmann R, De Courten M. The WHO STEP wise approach to surveillance (STEPS) of noncommunicable disease riskfactors. Chapter in (eds) McQueen, DV andPuska, P (editors); Global Risk Factor Surveillance. London: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; New York 2003; 9-22.
- Filippi A, Bignamini AA, Sessa E, Samani F, Mazzaglia G. Secondaryprevention of stroke in Italy. A Cross-sectionalsurvey in familypractice. Stroke 2003;34:1010-4. [CrossRef]
- Feigin VL, Krishnamurthi RV, Parmar P, Norrving B, Mensah GA, Bennett DA, et al. GBD 2013 WritingGroup. GBD 2013 Stroke Panel Experts Group Update on the Global Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in 1990-2013: the GBD 2013 study. Neuroepidemiology. 2015; 45: 161–76. [CrossRef]
- Hsieh FI, Chiou HY. Stroke: morbidity, risk factors, andcare in Taiwan. J Stroke. 2014;16:59–64. [CrossRef]
- İlhan S, Alp R, Kocer A, Boru U. Serebrovaskuler hastalıklarda major risk faktorleri, SVH tipi ve cinsiyet ilişkisi. KEAH 2002;3:170-2.
- Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, Cutler JA, Havas S, Kotchen TA, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory From The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA 2002; 288: 1882-8. [CrossRef]
- O’Donnell MJ, Chin SL, Rangarajan S, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, et al. Global and regional effects of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with acute stroke in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE): a case- control study. Lancet. 2016;388:761–75. [CrossRef]
- Pirie K, Peto R, Reeves GK, Green J, Beral V; Million Women Study Collaborators. The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK. Lancet, 2013; 381:133-41. [CrossRef]
- Burns DM. Epidemiology of smoking-induced cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003; 46: 11–29. [CrossRef]
- Onat Ş, Erkin G. Risk factors for stroke. FTR Bil J PMR Sci 2008;1:30-7.
- Sanossian N, Ovbiagele B. Prevention and Managment of Stroke in Very Elderly Patients. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:1031-41. [CrossRef]
- Kurth T, Kase CS, Berger K, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Buring JE. Smokingand risk of hemorrhagicstroke in women. Stroke 2003;34:2792-95. [CrossRef]
- Jena SS, Kabi S, Panda BN, Kameswari BC, Payal, Behera IC, et al. Smokeless Tobacco and Stroke-A Clinico-epidemiological Follow- up Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:40. [CrossRef]
- Hergens MP, Lambe M, Pershagen G, Terent A, Ye W. Smokeless tobacco and the risk of stroke. Epidemiology. 2008;19:794-9. [CrossRef]
- Henley SJ, Thun MJ, Connell C, Calle EE. Two large prospective studies of mortality among men who use snuff or chewing tobacco (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:347–58. [CrossRef ]
- International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Vol 89. Smokeless tobacco products. Lyon: IARC, 2008; 4 4.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 1, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020Issue: 2 |