The Impact of Comorbid Social Anxiety Disorder and Symptom Severity On Neurocognitive Functions of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
Objectives: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD is often comorbid with Social Anxiety Disorder SAD . The current research goal is to examine the effects of social anxiety and symptom severity on the neurocognitive functions of children with ADHD. Patients and methods: In this study, 25 children aged 8–15 diagnosed with ADHD and aged matched 25 children with ADHD and SAD were compared in terms of sustained attention, working memory and impulse control. Symptom severity of ADHD was assessed using the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales–Revised CPRS-R short version and Turgay DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale T-DSM-IV-S and symptom severity of SAD was assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised SASC-R .Results: Children with ADHD and children with ADHD and comorbid SAD were not differentiated in their ADHD symptom severity. Working memory deficits were significantly more common in children with ADHD than in children with ADHD and comorbid SAD. Also, the severity of attention deficit, hyperactivity, learning and behaviour problems were associated with working memory deficits.Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that symptom severity may contribute to the neurocognitive functions of children with ADHD and the combined presence of ADHD and SAD may have different neurocognitive features. Future research is needed to better characterize the neurocognitive functions in ADHD with comorbid disorders
References
- Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD. a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:942–8. [CrossRef]
- Tsang TW, Kohn MR, Efron D, Clarke SD, Clark CR, Lamb C, Williams LM. Anxiety in Young People with ADHD. Clinical and Self-Report Outcomes. J Atten Disord 2015;19:18–26. [CrossRef]
- Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF. Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1336–46. [CrossRef]
- Schatz DB, Rostain AL. ADHD with comorbid anxiety. A review of the current literature. J Atten Disord 2006;10:141–9. [CrossRef]
- van der Meer D, Hoekstra PJ, van Rooij D, Winkler AM, van Ewijk H, Heslenfeld DJ, et al. Anxiety modulates the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity and working memory-related brain activity. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018;19:450– 60. [CrossRef]
- Jarrett MA, Wolff JC, Davis TE, Cowart MJ, Ollendick TH. Characteristics of Children with ADHD and Comorbid Anxiety. J Atten Disord 2016;20:636–44. [CrossRef]
- Epstein JN, Goldberg NA, Conners CK, March JS. The effects of anxiety on continuous performance test functioning in an ADHD clinic sample. J Atten Disord 1997;2:45–52. [CrossRef]
- Pliszka SR. Comorbidity of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Overanxious Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31:197–203. [CrossRef]
- Vloet TD, Konrad K, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Polier GG, Günther T. Impact of anxiety disorders on attentional functions in children with ADHD. J Affect Disord 2010;124:283–90. [CrossRef]
- Tseng WL, Gau SSF. Executive function as a mediator in the link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013;54:996–1004. [CrossRef]
- Hinshaw SP. Moderators and Mediators of Treatment Outcome for Youth With ADHD. Understanding for Whom and How Interventions Work. J Pediatr Psychol 2007;32:664–75. [CrossRef]
- La Greca AM, Dandes SK, Wick P, Shaw K, Stone WL. Development of the Social Anxiety Scale for Children: Reliability and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 1988;17:84–91. [CrossRef]
- La Greca AM, Stone WL. Social anxiety scale for children-revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 1993;22:17–27. [CrossRef]
- Demir T, Eralp-Demir D, Türksoy N, Özmen E, Uysal Ö. Çocuklar için Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Düşünen Adam 2000;13:42–8. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/ cocuklar-icin-sosyal-anksiyete-olcegi-toad.pdf
- Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN. The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998;26:257–68. [CrossRef]
- Şener Ş, Dereboy Ç, Dereboy İF, Sertcan Y. Conners Öğretmen derecelendirme ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması-1. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Derg 1995;2:131–41. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/ files/pdf/conners-ogretmen-derecelendirme-olcegi-codo-toad.pdf
- Dereboy C, Şenol Ş, Şener Ş, Dereboy F. Validation of the Turkish Versions of the Short-Form Conners Teacher and Parent Rating Scales. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2007;18:48–58. https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/17364268/
- Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O, Çıkoğlu S. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve yıkıcı davranım bozuklukları için bir test bataryası geliştirme çabası. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2001;8:132– 44. http://psikiyatridizini.net/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=670
- Jarrett MA, Ollendick TH. A conceptual review of the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety: Implications for future research and practice. Clin Psychol Rev 2008;28:1266–80. [CrossRef]
Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Bulunan Çocuklarda Sosyal Anksiyete Bozukluğu Komorbiditesi ve Belirti Şiddetinin Nörobilişsel Özelliklere Etkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu DEHB sıklıkla sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu SAB ile beraber görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal anksiyetenin ve belirti şiddetinin DEHB bulunan çocukların nörobilişsel işlevleri üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır.Hastalar ve yöntemler: Bu çalışmada yaşları 8–15 arasındaki DEHB tanısı alan 25 çocuk, aynı yaşta DEHB ve SAB bulunan 25 çocukla sürekli dikkat, çalışma belleği ve dürtü kontrolü açısından karşılaştırıldı. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu belirti şiddeti Conner’s aile değerlendirme ölçeği kısa formu ve Turgay DSM-IV’e göre yıkıcı davranım bozuklukları belirti tarama ölçeği ile sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu belirti şiddeti ise çocuklar için sosyal anksiyete ölçeği ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu bulunan çocuklar ve DEHB ve SAB komorbid bulunan çocuklar DEHB belirti şiddeti açısından farklılaşmadı. Çalışma belleği kusurları sadece DEHB bulunan çocuklarda DEHB ve komorbid SAB bulunan çocuklara göre anlamlı düzeyde daha sıktı. Aynı zamanda dikkat eksikliği, hiperaktivite, öğrenme ve davranış problemleri şiddeti çalışma belleği kusurları ile ilişkili bulundu.Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları belirti şiddetinin DEHB bulunan çocukların nörobilişsel işlevlerine etki ettiğini ve DEHB ve SAB beraber varlığının farklı nörobilişsel özelliklere sahip olduğunu saptadı. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve komorbid bozuklukların nörobilişsel özelliklerini daha iyi tanımlamak amacıyla ileriki araştırmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır
References
- Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD. a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:942–8. [CrossRef]
- Tsang TW, Kohn MR, Efron D, Clarke SD, Clark CR, Lamb C, Williams LM. Anxiety in Young People with ADHD. Clinical and Self-Report Outcomes. J Atten Disord 2015;19:18–26. [CrossRef]
- Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF. Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1336–46. [CrossRef]
- Schatz DB, Rostain AL. ADHD with comorbid anxiety. A review of the current literature. J Atten Disord 2006;10:141–9. [CrossRef]
- van der Meer D, Hoekstra PJ, van Rooij D, Winkler AM, van Ewijk H, Heslenfeld DJ, et al. Anxiety modulates the relation between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity and working memory-related brain activity. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018;19:450– 60. [CrossRef]
- Jarrett MA, Wolff JC, Davis TE, Cowart MJ, Ollendick TH. Characteristics of Children with ADHD and Comorbid Anxiety. J Atten Disord 2016;20:636–44. [CrossRef]
- Epstein JN, Goldberg NA, Conners CK, March JS. The effects of anxiety on continuous performance test functioning in an ADHD clinic sample. J Atten Disord 1997;2:45–52. [CrossRef]
- Pliszka SR. Comorbidity of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Overanxious Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31:197–203. [CrossRef]
- Vloet TD, Konrad K, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Polier GG, Günther T. Impact of anxiety disorders on attentional functions in children with ADHD. J Affect Disord 2010;124:283–90. [CrossRef]
- Tseng WL, Gau SSF. Executive function as a mediator in the link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013;54:996–1004. [CrossRef]
- Hinshaw SP. Moderators and Mediators of Treatment Outcome for Youth With ADHD. Understanding for Whom and How Interventions Work. J Pediatr Psychol 2007;32:664–75. [CrossRef]
- La Greca AM, Dandes SK, Wick P, Shaw K, Stone WL. Development of the Social Anxiety Scale for Children: Reliability and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 1988;17:84–91. [CrossRef]
- La Greca AM, Stone WL. Social anxiety scale for children-revised: Factor structure and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 1993;22:17–27. [CrossRef]
- Demir T, Eralp-Demir D, Türksoy N, Özmen E, Uysal Ö. Çocuklar için Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Düşünen Adam 2000;13:42–8. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/ cocuklar-icin-sosyal-anksiyete-olcegi-toad.pdf
- Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, Epstein JN. The revised Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998;26:257–68. [CrossRef]
- Şener Ş, Dereboy Ç, Dereboy İF, Sertcan Y. Conners Öğretmen derecelendirme ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması-1. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Derg 1995;2:131–41. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/ files/pdf/conners-ogretmen-derecelendirme-olcegi-codo-toad.pdf
- Dereboy C, Şenol Ş, Şener Ş, Dereboy F. Validation of the Turkish Versions of the Short-Form Conners Teacher and Parent Rating Scales. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2007;18:48–58. https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/17364268/
- Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O, Çıkoğlu S. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve yıkıcı davranım bozuklukları için bir test bataryası geliştirme çabası. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 2001;8:132– 44. http://psikiyatridizini.net/viewarticle.aspx?articleid=670
- Jarrett MA, Ollendick TH. A conceptual review of the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety: Implications for future research and practice. Clin Psychol Rev 2008;28:1266–80. [CrossRef]
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020Issue: 4 |