Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine and compare the nomophobia and social anxiety levels of university students.Method: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out between April and June 2017 at Atatürk University. 703 university students who used smartphones and agreed to participate in the study were included in it. Personal Information Form, Nomophobia Scale and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale were used for data collection. Before starting the study, it received the ethics committee approval and written permission in which the study was carried out. Data were analysed using SPSS 20.0 package program.Findings: 78.38% of the students were female, 21.62% were male and 54.62% were 1st-grade students. 31.86% of students reported using smartphones over 5 years and 8.25% reported using smartphones for the last one year. It was determined that students’ general weighted grade point average was 2.57±0.68 and 75.28±25.38 points from Nomophobia Scale, 50.68±12.67 scores from social phobic fear subscale of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and 50.00±13.89 from social phobic avoidance subscale. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the total scores of the Nomophobia Scale and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale r=0.195, p
Keywords
References
- Adnan M, Gezgin DM. A Modern Phobia: Prevalence of Nomophobia among College Students. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences 2016;49:141–58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/ download/article-file/508596
- Bian M, Leung L. Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Soc Sci Comput Rev 2014;33:61–79. [CrossRef]
- O’Dea S. Statistics and facts about the smartphone market in Europe. Statista 2017. https://www.statista.com/topics/3341/ smartphone-market-in-europe/
- TUİK. Yıllara, Yaş Grubu ve Cinsiyete Göre Nüfus, Genel Nüfus Sayımları.2019. www.tuik.gov.tr adresinden erişildi https://internet. btk.gov.tr/istatistikler. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2020
- King ALS, Valença AM, Silva AC, Baczynski T, Carvalho MR, Nardi AE. Nomophobia: dependency on virtual environments or social phobia? Comput Hum Behav 2013;29:140–4. [CrossRef]
- Yıldırım C, Correia AP. Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Comput Hum Behav 2015;49:130–7. [CrossRef]
- Dixit S, Shukla H, Bhagwat A, Bindal A, Goyal A, Zaidi A, Shrivastava A. A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India. Indian J Community Med 2010;35:339–41. [CrossRef]
- Şar AH, Işıklar A. Problemli mobil telefon kullanım ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlaması. Int J Hum Sci 2012;9:264–75. https://arastirmax.com/tr/ system/files/dergiler/161047/makaleler/9/2/arastrmx_161047_9_ pp_264-275.pdf
- Tavolacci MP, Meyrignac G, Richard L, Dechelotte P, Ladner J. Problematic use of mobile phone and nomophobia among French college students. Eur J Public Health 2015;25:ckv172–088. [CrossRef]
- Yıldırım C, Sumuer E, Adnan M, Yıldırım S. A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Inform Dev 2016;32:1322–31. [CrossRef]
- Spitzer M. M-Learning? When it comes to learning, smartphones are a liability, not an asset. Trends Neurosci Educ 2015;4:87–9. [CrossRef]
- King ALS, Valença AM, Silva AC, Sancassiani F, Machado S, Nardi AE. “Nomophobia”: Impact of cell phone use interfering with symptoms and emotions of individuals with panic disorder compared with a control group. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2014;10:28–35. [CrossRef]
- Liebowitz MR. Social phobia. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 1987;22:141–73. [CrossRef]
- Dilbaz N, Güz H. Liebowitz sosyal kaygı ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği 37. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi, İstanbul, 2-6 Ekim, 2001.
- Pearson C, Hussain Z. Smartphone addiction and associated psychological factors. Addicta 2016;3:193–207. [CrossRef]
- Soni R, Upadhyay R, Jain M. Prevalence of smart phone addiction, sleep quality and associated behaviour problems in adolescents. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:515–9. [CrossRef]
- Mail Online. Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact -and it’s the plague of our 24/7 age, 2008. http://www. dailymail.co.uk/news/article-550610/Nomophobia-fear-mobile- phonecontact-plague-24–7-age.html
- Abraham N, Mathias J, Williams S. A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Effect of Nomophobia Among Students of Selected Degree Colleges in Mysore. Asian J Nurs Educ Res 2014;4:421–8. https:// ajner.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Asian+Journal+of+Nursing+E ducation+and+Research%3bPID%3d2014-4-4-8
- Sharma N, Sharma P, Sharma N, Wavare RR. Rising concern of nomophobia amongst Indian medical students. Int J Res Med Sci 2015;3:705–7. https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/ view/1360
- SecurEnvoy 66% of the population suffer from Nomophobia the fear of being without their phone, 2012. https://www.securenvoy.com/ en-gb/blog/66-population-suffer-nomophobia-fear-being-without- their-phone
- Cheever NA, Rosen LD, Carrier LM, Chavez A. Out of sight is not out of mind: the impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Comput Hum Behav 2014;37:290–7. [CrossRef]
- Yılmaz G, Şar AH, Civan S. Ergenlerde Mobil Telefon Bağımlığı İle Sosyal Kaygı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. J Technol Addict Cyberbullying 2015;2:20–37. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/ article-file/290283
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin nomofobi ve sosyal anksiyete düzeylerini belirlemek ve karşılaştırmaktır.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte olan araştırma Nisan – Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında, Atatürk Üniversitesi’nde gerçekleştirildi. Akıllı telefon kullanan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 703 üniversite öğrencisi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Nomofobi Ölçeği ve Liebowitz Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeği kullanıldı. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce, etik onay ve araştırmanın yapılacağı birimlerden yazılı izin aldı. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından belirlenen sınıflarda herhangi bir ders saati bitiminde öğrenciler ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler SPSS 20.0 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin %78,38’i kadın, %21,62’si erkek, %54,62’si 1. sınıf öğrencisidir. Öğrencilerin %31,86’sı 5 yıl ve üzeri akıllı cep telefonu kullandığını, %8,25’i son bir yıldır akıllı telefon kullandığını bildirmiştir. Öğrencilerin genel ağırlıklı not ortalamalarının 2,57±0,68 olduğu, Nomofobi Ölçeğinden 75,28±25,38 puan, Liebowitz Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeğinin sosyal fobik korku alt ölçeğinden 50,68±12,67 puan ve sosyal fobik kaçınma alt ölçeğinden 50,00±13,89 puan aldıkları belirlendi. Nomofobi ölçeği ile Sosyal Anksiyete ölçeğinin toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif yönde güçlü bir ilişki saptandı r=0,195, p
Keywords
References
- Adnan M, Gezgin DM. A Modern Phobia: Prevalence of Nomophobia among College Students. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences 2016;49:141–58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/ download/article-file/508596
- Bian M, Leung L. Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Soc Sci Comput Rev 2014;33:61–79. [CrossRef]
- O’Dea S. Statistics and facts about the smartphone market in Europe. Statista 2017. https://www.statista.com/topics/3341/ smartphone-market-in-europe/
- TUİK. Yıllara, Yaş Grubu ve Cinsiyete Göre Nüfus, Genel Nüfus Sayımları.2019. www.tuik.gov.tr adresinden erişildi https://internet. btk.gov.tr/istatistikler. Erişim tarihi: 14 Şubat 2020
- King ALS, Valença AM, Silva AC, Baczynski T, Carvalho MR, Nardi AE. Nomophobia: dependency on virtual environments or social phobia? Comput Hum Behav 2013;29:140–4. [CrossRef]
- Yıldırım C, Correia AP. Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Comput Hum Behav 2015;49:130–7. [CrossRef]
- Dixit S, Shukla H, Bhagwat A, Bindal A, Goyal A, Zaidi A, Shrivastava A. A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India. Indian J Community Med 2010;35:339–41. [CrossRef]
- Şar AH, Işıklar A. Problemli mobil telefon kullanım ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlaması. Int J Hum Sci 2012;9:264–75. https://arastirmax.com/tr/ system/files/dergiler/161047/makaleler/9/2/arastrmx_161047_9_ pp_264-275.pdf
- Tavolacci MP, Meyrignac G, Richard L, Dechelotte P, Ladner J. Problematic use of mobile phone and nomophobia among French college students. Eur J Public Health 2015;25:ckv172–088. [CrossRef]
- Yıldırım C, Sumuer E, Adnan M, Yıldırım S. A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Inform Dev 2016;32:1322–31. [CrossRef]
- Spitzer M. M-Learning? When it comes to learning, smartphones are a liability, not an asset. Trends Neurosci Educ 2015;4:87–9. [CrossRef]
- King ALS, Valença AM, Silva AC, Sancassiani F, Machado S, Nardi AE. “Nomophobia”: Impact of cell phone use interfering with symptoms and emotions of individuals with panic disorder compared with a control group. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2014;10:28–35. [CrossRef]
- Liebowitz MR. Social phobia. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 1987;22:141–73. [CrossRef]
- Dilbaz N, Güz H. Liebowitz sosyal kaygı ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirliği 37. Ulusal Psikiyatri Kongresi, İstanbul, 2-6 Ekim, 2001.
- Pearson C, Hussain Z. Smartphone addiction and associated psychological factors. Addicta 2016;3:193–207. [CrossRef]
- Soni R, Upadhyay R, Jain M. Prevalence of smart phone addiction, sleep quality and associated behaviour problems in adolescents. Int J Res Med Sci 2017;5:515–9. [CrossRef]
- Mail Online. Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact -and it’s the plague of our 24/7 age, 2008. http://www. dailymail.co.uk/news/article-550610/Nomophobia-fear-mobile- phonecontact-plague-24–7-age.html
- Abraham N, Mathias J, Williams S. A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Effect of Nomophobia Among Students of Selected Degree Colleges in Mysore. Asian J Nurs Educ Res 2014;4:421–8. https:// ajner.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Asian+Journal+of+Nursing+E ducation+and+Research%3bPID%3d2014-4-4-8
- Sharma N, Sharma P, Sharma N, Wavare RR. Rising concern of nomophobia amongst Indian medical students. Int J Res Med Sci 2015;3:705–7. https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/ view/1360
- SecurEnvoy 66% of the population suffer from Nomophobia the fear of being without their phone, 2012. https://www.securenvoy.com/ en-gb/blog/66-population-suffer-nomophobia-fear-being-without- their-phone
- Cheever NA, Rosen LD, Carrier LM, Chavez A. Out of sight is not out of mind: the impact of restricting wireless mobile device use on anxiety levels among low, moderate and high users. Comput Hum Behav 2014;37:290–7. [CrossRef]
- Yılmaz G, Şar AH, Civan S. Ergenlerde Mobil Telefon Bağımlığı İle Sosyal Kaygı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. J Technol Addict Cyberbullying 2015;2:20–37. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/ article-file/290283
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020Issue: 4 |