Research Article
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Mindful Eating is More Effective to Beat Emotional Eating than Nutrition Education and Diet: A Randomized Controlled Study

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 4 - Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılına Armağan Sayısı, 631 - 639, 01.10.2023

İrem İnözü , Gizem Köse

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1340369
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Purpose: Mindful eating have a potential in addressing problematic eating behaviors and focusing the challenges often faced in food consumption. In this study, we conducted a randomized controlled trial that incorporated both mindful eating, including nutritional education with an energy-restricted diet. The aim is to contribute to the literature by revealing the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in alleviating problematic eating behaviors.
Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted between January-April 2021 with 70 participants without chronic disease. Our study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University. A questionnaire form that examined demographic data and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30), Turkish Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (TEAQ) were applied as pre-test and post-test of the interventions. Interventions were conducted in the groups as diet and education groups, also with control group. Anthropometric variables were reported by participants.
Results: Mean age of our participants was 33.40±12.27 years. Participant who had the education compared to the diet and control groups, had higher scores in physical activity (p<0.01), emotional appetite (p<0.001), MEQ-30 and its sub-factors (p<0.01). Disinhibition and Eating Discipline scores had correlations with TEAQ (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In summary, teachings on mindful eating can be advised. This can enhance the impact of individualized nutrition plans prepared by dietitians, as well as boost the effectiveness of nutritional guidance provided to clients in terms of managing weight and improving eating habits.

Keywords

eating behavior mindfulness body mass index mindful eating emotional eating

Thanks

We thank statistician Abdullah ÇELİK for his support in the statistical analysis.

References

  • Warren JM, Smith N, Ashwell M. A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev. 2017;30:272-83. DOI: 10.1017/S0954422417000154
  • Mercado D, Robinson L, Gordon G, et al. The outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions for Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Appetite. 2021;166:105464. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105464
  • Salvo V, Curado DF, Sanudo A, et al. Comparative effectiveness of mindfulness and mindful eating programmes among low-income overweight women in primary health care: A randomised controlled pragmatic study with psychological, biochemical, and anthropometric outcomes. Appetite. 2022;177:106131. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106131
  • Kristeller J, Wolever RQ, Sheets V. Mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT) for binge eating: A randomized clinical trial. Mindfulness. 2014;5:282-97. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-012-0179-1
  • Carriere K, Khoury B, Gunak MM, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2018;19:164-177. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12623
  • Rogers JM, Ferrari M, Mosley K, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for adults who are overweight or obese: A meta-analysis of physical and psychological health outcomes. Obes Rev. 2017;18:51–67. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12461
  • Fuentes Artiles R, Staub K, Aldakak L, et al. Mindful eating and common diet programs lower body weight similarly: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obes Rev. 2019;20:1619-27. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12918
  • Tapper K. Can mindfulness influence weight management related eating behaviors? If so, how?. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;53:122-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.003
  • Lofgren IE. Mindful eating: an emerging approach for healthy weight management. AJLM. 2015;9:212-6. DOI: 10.1177/1559827615569684
  • Gidugu V, Jacobs ML. Empowering individuals with mental illness to develop healthy eating habits through mindful eating: results of a program evaluation. Psychol Health Med. 2019;24:177-86. DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1516295
  • Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988.
  • Yancy WS Jr, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, Bakst RP, Westman EC. A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:769-77. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00006
  • WHO (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. [Website]. [cited 2021 Oct 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
  • Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) (2022). [Website]. [cited 2021 Oct 9]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/web-uygulamalarimiz/357.html
  • Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, et al. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:115. DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
  • Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, et al. Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1439-44. DOI:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006
  • Kose G, Tayfur M, Birincioglu I, et al. Adaptation Study of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) into Turkish. J Cogn Psychother. 2017;5:125-34. DOI:10.5455/jcbpr.250644
  • Nolan LJ, Halperin LB, Geliebter A. Emotional Appetite Questionnaire. Construct validity and relationship with BMI. Appetite. 2010;54:314–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.12.004
  • Demirel B, Yavuz FK, Karadere ME, Şafak Y, Türkçapar MH. The Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ)’s Reliability and Validity and Relationship with Body Mass Index and Emotional Schemas. JCBPR. 2014;3:171-81
  • Choi J, Peters M, Mueller RO. Correlational analysis of ordinal data: from Pearson’sr to Bayesian polychoric correlation. Asia Pac Educ Rev. 2010;11:459-66. DOI: 10.1007/S12564-010-9096-Y
  • Pepe RB, Coelho GSMA, Miguel FDS, et al. Mindful eating for weight loss in women with obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2023;130:911-20. DOI:10.1017/S0007114522003932
  • Miller CK, Kristeller JL, Headings A, et al. Comparison of a mindful eating intervention to a diabetes self-management intervention among adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Health Educ Behav. 2014;41:145-54. DOI: 10.1177/1090198113493092
  • Beshara M, Hutchinson AD, Wilson C. Does mindfulness matter? Everyday mindfulness, mindful eating and self-reported serving size of energy dense foods among a sample of South Australian adults. Appetite. 2013;67:25-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.012
  • Knol LL, Lawrence JC, de la O R. Eat like a chef: a mindful eating intervention for health care providers. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020;52:719-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.02.024
  • Lévy-Ndejuru J, Lemieux S, Carbonneau É, et al. Associations between mind-body practice engagement and diet quality: Exploring the mediating roles of eating behaviour traits and regulation styles for eating behaviours in the PREDISE study. Appetite. 2023;184:106495. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106495

Year 2023, Volume: 14 Issue: 4 - Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılına Armağan Sayısı, 631 - 639, 01.10.2023

İrem İnözü , Gizem Köse

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1340369
Cited By: 1

Abstract

References

  • Warren JM, Smith N, Ashwell M. A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev. 2017;30:272-83. DOI: 10.1017/S0954422417000154
  • Mercado D, Robinson L, Gordon G, et al. The outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions for Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Appetite. 2021;166:105464. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105464
  • Salvo V, Curado DF, Sanudo A, et al. Comparative effectiveness of mindfulness and mindful eating programmes among low-income overweight women in primary health care: A randomised controlled pragmatic study with psychological, biochemical, and anthropometric outcomes. Appetite. 2022;177:106131. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106131
  • Kristeller J, Wolever RQ, Sheets V. Mindfulness-based eating awareness training (MB-EAT) for binge eating: A randomized clinical trial. Mindfulness. 2014;5:282-97. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-012-0179-1
  • Carriere K, Khoury B, Gunak MM, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2018;19:164-177. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12623
  • Rogers JM, Ferrari M, Mosley K, et al. Mindfulness-based interventions for adults who are overweight or obese: A meta-analysis of physical and psychological health outcomes. Obes Rev. 2017;18:51–67. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12461
  • Fuentes Artiles R, Staub K, Aldakak L, et al. Mindful eating and common diet programs lower body weight similarly: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obes Rev. 2019;20:1619-27. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12918
  • Tapper K. Can mindfulness influence weight management related eating behaviors? If so, how?. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;53:122-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.003
  • Lofgren IE. Mindful eating: an emerging approach for healthy weight management. AJLM. 2015;9:212-6. DOI: 10.1177/1559827615569684
  • Gidugu V, Jacobs ML. Empowering individuals with mental illness to develop healthy eating habits through mindful eating: results of a program evaluation. Psychol Health Med. 2019;24:177-86. DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1516295
  • Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988.
  • Yancy WS Jr, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, Bakst RP, Westman EC. A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:769-77. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00006
  • WHO (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. [Website]. [cited 2021 Oct 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
  • Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) (2022). [Website]. [cited 2021 Oct 9]. Available from: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/web-uygulamalarimiz/357.html
  • Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, et al. Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:115. DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
  • Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, et al. Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109:1439-44. DOI:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006
  • Kose G, Tayfur M, Birincioglu I, et al. Adaptation Study of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) into Turkish. J Cogn Psychother. 2017;5:125-34. DOI:10.5455/jcbpr.250644
  • Nolan LJ, Halperin LB, Geliebter A. Emotional Appetite Questionnaire. Construct validity and relationship with BMI. Appetite. 2010;54:314–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.12.004
  • Demirel B, Yavuz FK, Karadere ME, Şafak Y, Türkçapar MH. The Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ)’s Reliability and Validity and Relationship with Body Mass Index and Emotional Schemas. JCBPR. 2014;3:171-81
  • Choi J, Peters M, Mueller RO. Correlational analysis of ordinal data: from Pearson’sr to Bayesian polychoric correlation. Asia Pac Educ Rev. 2010;11:459-66. DOI: 10.1007/S12564-010-9096-Y
  • Pepe RB, Coelho GSMA, Miguel FDS, et al. Mindful eating for weight loss in women with obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2023;130:911-20. DOI:10.1017/S0007114522003932
  • Miller CK, Kristeller JL, Headings A, et al. Comparison of a mindful eating intervention to a diabetes self-management intervention among adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Health Educ Behav. 2014;41:145-54. DOI: 10.1177/1090198113493092
  • Beshara M, Hutchinson AD, Wilson C. Does mindfulness matter? Everyday mindfulness, mindful eating and self-reported serving size of energy dense foods among a sample of South Australian adults. Appetite. 2013;67:25-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.012
  • Knol LL, Lawrence JC, de la O R. Eat like a chef: a mindful eating intervention for health care providers. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020;52:719-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.02.024
  • Lévy-Ndejuru J, Lemieux S, Carbonneau É, et al. Associations between mind-body practice engagement and diet quality: Exploring the mediating roles of eating behaviour traits and regulation styles for eating behaviours in the PREDISE study. Appetite. 2023;184:106495. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106495
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İrem İnözü 0009-0001-1255-3468

Gizem Köse 0000-0001-6612-6253

Early Pub Date September 7, 2023
Publication Date October 1, 2023
Submission Date August 10, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 14 Issue: 4 - Cumhuriyet'in 100. Yılına Armağan Sayısı

Cite

EndNote İnözü İ, Köse G (October 1, 2023) Mindful Eating is More Effective to Beat Emotional Eating than Nutrition Education and Diet: A Randomized Controlled Study. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 14 4 631–639.

Cited By

Mindful Eating and Current Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
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https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.57198
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