Research Article
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The Effect of Bruxism on the Severity of Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Chewing Functionality: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 411 - 417, 01.10.2024

Hazel Çelik Güzel

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1366521

Abstract

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of bruxism on Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) severity and chewing functionality in individuals with TMD.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 individuals diagnosed with TMD. TMJ pain was assessed with the Numeric Pain Scale (NPS), maximum mouth opening (MMO) was evaluated with a ruler, TMD severity was assessed with the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaire (FAQ), and chewing functionality was considered with the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20).
Results: 65 (71.4%) of the individuals were female, and the median age was 29.0 (20-55) years. Individuals were divided into two groups: self-reported bruxism (Group 1: 63) and non-reported bruxism (Group 2: 28). When the groups with and without bruxism were compared, NPS (p=0.002), MMO (p=0.007) FAQ (p=0.000) and JFLS-20 (p=0.000) results were significantly worse in the group with bruxism. TMD severity was significantly higher in the group with bruxism (p=0.000). The probability of having moderate-severe TMD increased statistically significantly 16.236 times (95% CI: 3.485-75.651) with bruxism (p=0.000). Limitation in chewing functionality was significantly increased 4.364 times (95% CI: 1.127- 16.906) in the presence of bruxism (p=0.033).
Conclusion: The study results showed that pain, TMD severity, and chewing functionality limitation were higher in individuals with TMD accompanied by bruxism. It should be considered that knowing the bruxism and its effects that may accompany TMD, which is very common and increasing in number and severity daily, in the evaluation or treatment phase is essential in improving rehabilitation success.

Keywords

Temporomandibular dysfunction bruxism chewing functionality.

Ethical Statement

Approval for this study was granted by The Human Research Ethics Committee of Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University (decision no: 2023-54).

Supporting Institution

The author reports no financial support.

Thanks

The author thanks the participants who participated in this study.

References

  • 1. Anastassaki Köhler A, Hugoson A and Magnusson T. Prevalence of symptoms indicative of temporomandibular disorders in adults: cross-sectional epidemiological investigations covering two decades. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012;70(3):213-23. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2011.634832
  • 2. Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, et al. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults: a systematic review of the literature. J Orofac Pain. 2013;27(2):99-110. https://doi.org/10.11607/jop.921
  • 3. Gouw S, de Wijer A, Creugers NH, et al. Bruxism: Is There an Indication for Muscle-Stretching Exercises? Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(2):123-132. https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.5082
  • 4. Koyano K, Tsukiyama Y, Ichiki R, et al. Assessment of bruxism in the clinic. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2008;35(7); 495-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01880.x
  • 5. Lavigne GJ, Romprè PH and Montplaisir JY. Sleep bruxism: validity of clinical research diagnostic criteria in a controlled polysomnographic study. J Dent Res. 1996;75:546-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750010601
  • 6. Manfredini D and Lobbezoo F. Relationship between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of literature from 1998 to 2008. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2010;109(6):e26–e50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.02.013
  • 7. Ekman A, Rousu J, Näpänkangas R, et al. Association of self-reported bruxism with temporomandibular disorders- Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC) 1966 study. Cranio. 2023;41(3):212-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2020.1853306
  • 8. Molina OF, dos Santos Jr J, Nelson SJ, et al. Profile of TMD and bruxer compared to TMD and nonbruxer patients regarding chief complaint, previons consultations, modes of therapy, and chronicity. J Craniornandib Pract. 2000;18:205-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2000.11746134
  • 9. Molina OF, dos Santos Jr J, Nelson SJ, et al. Prevalence of modalities of headaches and bruxism among patients with craniomandibular disorder. J Craniomandib Pract. 1997; 15:314-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.1997.11746026
  • 10. Fernandes G, Franco AL, Siqueira JT, et al. Sleep bruxism increases the risk for painful temporomandibular disorder, depression and non-specific physical symptoms. J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39: 538–544. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02308.x
  • 11. Svensson P, Jadidi F, Arima T, et al. Relationships between craniofacial pain and bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:524-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01852.x
  • 12. Magnusson T, Egermarki I and Carlsson GE. A prospective investigation over two decades on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and associated variables. A final summary. Acta Odontol Scand. 2005;63(2):99-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016350510019739
  • 13. Ciancaglini R, Gherlone E, Radaelli G. The relationship of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms from the masticatory system in the adult population. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28:842-848. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00753.x
  • 14. Yener M and Aynalı G. Temporomandibular eklem bozukluklarında tedavi seçenekleri. S.D.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2012;3:150-4 (Turkish).
  • 15. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45 (11):837–844. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12663
  • 16. Okeson, JP. (2019). Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion-E- Book. Elsevier Health Sciences 26-52.
  • 17. Kaynak BA, Taş S and Salkın Y. The accuracy and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fonseca anamnestic index in temporomandibular disorders. Cranio. 2023;41(1):78-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2020.1812808
  • 18. Chiarotto A, Maxwell LJ, Ostelo RW, et al. Measurement Properties of Visual Analogue Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, and Pain Severity Subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. J Pain. 2019;20(3):245-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2018.07.009
  • 19. Ohrbach R, Larsson P and List T. The jaw functional limitation scale: Development, reliability, and validity of 8-item and 20-item versions. J Orofac Pain. 2008;22:219- 230.
  • 20. McNeill C. Management of temporomandibular disorders: concepts and controversies. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1997;77(5): 510-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70145-8 21. Poveda Roda R, Bagán JV, Díaz Fernández JM, et al. Review of temporomandibular join t pathology: Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal. 2007;12(4): 292-298.
  • 22. Lund JP. Pain and the control of muscles. Adv Pain Res Ther. 1995;21:103-115.
  • 23. Nykänen L, Manfredini D, Bracci A, et al. Assessment of awake bruxism by a novel bruxism screener and ecological momentary assessment among patients with masti- catory muscle myalgia and healthy controls. J Oral Rehabil. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13462
  • 24. Câmara-Souza MB, Bracci A, Colonna A, et al. Ecological momentary assessment of awake bruxism frequency in patients with different temporomandibular disorders. J Clin Med. 2023;12:501. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020501
  • 25. Leketas M, Šaferis V, Kubilius R, et al. Oral Behaviors and Parafunctions: Comparison of Temporomandibular Dysfunction Patients and Controls Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2017;28(8):1933–1938. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000003945
  • 26. Nomura K, Vitti M, Oliveira AS, et al. Use of the Fonseca's questionnaire to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders in Brazilian dental undergraduates. Braz Dent J. 2007;18(2):163-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402007000200015

Year 2024, Volume: 15 Issue: 4, 411 - 417, 01.10.2024

Hazel Çelik Güzel

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1366521

Abstract

References

  • 1. Anastassaki Köhler A, Hugoson A and Magnusson T. Prevalence of symptoms indicative of temporomandibular disorders in adults: cross-sectional epidemiological investigations covering two decades. Acta Odontol Scand. 2012;70(3):213-23. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2011.634832
  • 2. Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, et al. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults: a systematic review of the literature. J Orofac Pain. 2013;27(2):99-110. https://doi.org/10.11607/jop.921
  • 3. Gouw S, de Wijer A, Creugers NH, et al. Bruxism: Is There an Indication for Muscle-Stretching Exercises? Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(2):123-132. https://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.5082
  • 4. Koyano K, Tsukiyama Y, Ichiki R, et al. Assessment of bruxism in the clinic. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2008;35(7); 495-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01880.x
  • 5. Lavigne GJ, Romprè PH and Montplaisir JY. Sleep bruxism: validity of clinical research diagnostic criteria in a controlled polysomnographic study. J Dent Res. 1996;75:546-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750010601
  • 6. Manfredini D and Lobbezoo F. Relationship between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of literature from 1998 to 2008. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2010;109(6):e26–e50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.02.013
  • 7. Ekman A, Rousu J, Näpänkangas R, et al. Association of self-reported bruxism with temporomandibular disorders- Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC) 1966 study. Cranio. 2023;41(3):212-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2020.1853306
  • 8. Molina OF, dos Santos Jr J, Nelson SJ, et al. Profile of TMD and bruxer compared to TMD and nonbruxer patients regarding chief complaint, previons consultations, modes of therapy, and chronicity. J Craniornandib Pract. 2000;18:205-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2000.11746134
  • 9. Molina OF, dos Santos Jr J, Nelson SJ, et al. Prevalence of modalities of headaches and bruxism among patients with craniomandibular disorder. J Craniomandib Pract. 1997; 15:314-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.1997.11746026
  • 10. Fernandes G, Franco AL, Siqueira JT, et al. Sleep bruxism increases the risk for painful temporomandibular disorder, depression and non-specific physical symptoms. J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39: 538–544. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02308.x
  • 11. Svensson P, Jadidi F, Arima T, et al. Relationships between craniofacial pain and bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:524-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01852.x
  • 12. Magnusson T, Egermarki I and Carlsson GE. A prospective investigation over two decades on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and associated variables. A final summary. Acta Odontol Scand. 2005;63(2):99-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016350510019739
  • 13. Ciancaglini R, Gherlone E, Radaelli G. The relationship of bruxism with craniofacial pain and symptoms from the masticatory system in the adult population. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28:842-848. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00753.x
  • 14. Yener M and Aynalı G. Temporomandibular eklem bozukluklarında tedavi seçenekleri. S.D.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2012;3:150-4 (Turkish).
  • 15. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45 (11):837–844. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12663
  • 16. Okeson, JP. (2019). Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion-E- Book. Elsevier Health Sciences 26-52.
  • 17. Kaynak BA, Taş S and Salkın Y. The accuracy and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fonseca anamnestic index in temporomandibular disorders. Cranio. 2023;41(1):78-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2020.1812808
  • 18. Chiarotto A, Maxwell LJ, Ostelo RW, et al. Measurement Properties of Visual Analogue Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, and Pain Severity Subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. J Pain. 2019;20(3):245-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2018.07.009
  • 19. Ohrbach R, Larsson P and List T. The jaw functional limitation scale: Development, reliability, and validity of 8-item and 20-item versions. J Orofac Pain. 2008;22:219- 230.
  • 20. McNeill C. Management of temporomandibular disorders: concepts and controversies. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1997;77(5): 510-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70145-8 21. Poveda Roda R, Bagán JV, Díaz Fernández JM, et al. Review of temporomandibular join t pathology: Part I: Classification, epidemiology and risk factors. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal. 2007;12(4): 292-298.
  • 22. Lund JP. Pain and the control of muscles. Adv Pain Res Ther. 1995;21:103-115.
  • 23. Nykänen L, Manfredini D, Bracci A, et al. Assessment of awake bruxism by a novel bruxism screener and ecological momentary assessment among patients with masti- catory muscle myalgia and healthy controls. J Oral Rehabil. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13462
  • 24. Câmara-Souza MB, Bracci A, Colonna A, et al. Ecological momentary assessment of awake bruxism frequency in patients with different temporomandibular disorders. J Clin Med. 2023;12:501. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020501
  • 25. Leketas M, Šaferis V, Kubilius R, et al. Oral Behaviors and Parafunctions: Comparison of Temporomandibular Dysfunction Patients and Controls Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2017;28(8):1933–1938. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000003945
  • 26. Nomura K, Vitti M, Oliveira AS, et al. Use of the Fonseca's questionnaire to assess the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders in Brazilian dental undergraduates. Braz Dent J. 2007;18(2):163-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-64402007000200015
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Rehabilitation
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hazel Çelik Güzel 0000-0001-6510-5012

Early Pub Date September 17, 2024
Publication Date October 1, 2024
Submission Date September 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 15 Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote Çelik Güzel H (October 1, 2024) The Effect of Bruxism on the Severity of Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Chewing Functionality: A Cross-Sectional Study. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 15 4 411–417.
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