Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 209 - 216, 10.04.2025
Abstract
References
- 1. Michael DJ. Obesity. In: Goldman L, Schafer A, ed. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2020:1418-1427.
- 2. LeBlanc ES, Patnode CD, Webber EM, et al. Behavioral and pharmacotherapy weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Jama. 2018;320(11):1172-1191. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7777
- 3. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. 2000.
- 4. World Obesity Federation. London: World Obesity Atlas 2023.https://data.worldobesity.org/publications/?cat=19. Accessed April 28, 2023.
- 5. World Health Organization. WHO European Regional Obesity Report. 2022.https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/353747/9789289057738-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed April 29, 2023.
- 6. Bray GA, Fruhbeck G, Ryan D,Wilding JPH. Management of obesity. Lancet.2016;387:947-1956. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00271-3
- 7. Primack C. A review and critique of published real-world weight management program studies. Postgrad Med.2018;130(6):548-560. DOI:10.1080/00325481.2018.1498280
- 8. Miller CT, Fraser SF, Selig SE, et al. Fitness, strength and body composition during weight loss in women with clinically severe obesity: a randomised clinical trial. Obesity facts. 2020;13(4): 307-321.DOI:10.1159/000506643
- 9. Salas-Salvadó J, Díaz-López A, Ruiz-Canela M, et al. Effect of a lifestyle intervention program with energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and exercise on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: one-year results of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diabetes Care.2019;42(5):777-788.DOI:10.2337/dc18-0836
- 10. KaikkonenKM, Korpelainen R, Vanhala ML, et al. Long‐term effects on weight loss and maintenance by intensive start with diet and exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2023;33(3):246-256.DOI:10.1111/sms.14269
- 11. Harris JA, Benedict FG. Harris-Benedict Approximation. Crit Care Med.1990;18(4):462-465.
- 12. Lei L, Huang J, Zhang L, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9.DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.935234
- 13. Mezzani A, Hamm LF, Jones AM, et al. Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2013;20(3):442-467. DOI:10.1177/2047487312460484
- 14. Wang F, Chen Y, Chang Y, et al. New anthropometric indices or old ones: which perform better in estimating cardiovascular risks in Chinese adults. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2018;18(1):1-7.DOI:10.1186/s12872-018-0754-z.
- 15. Benn M, Marott SC, Tybjærg-Hansen A, et al. Obesity increases heart failure incidence and mortality: observational and Mendelian randomization studies totalling over 1 million individuals. Cardiovascular Research.2022;118(18):3576-3585.DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvab368.
- 16. Jacoby E, Goldstein J, López A, et al. Social class, family, and life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Peruvian cities. Preventive Medicine. 2003;37(5):396-405. DOI:10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00159-2
- 17. Tzotzas T, Vlahavas G, Papadopoulou SK, et al. Marital status and educational level associated to obesity in Greek adults: Data from the national epidemiological survey. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):732-739.doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-732.
- 18. Vazquez CE, Cubbin C. Socioeconomic status and childhood obesity: a review of literature from the past decade to inform intervention research. Current Obesity Reports. 2020;9:562-570. doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00400-2
- 19. Li S, Zhu Y, Zeng M, et al. Association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity of adolescents: A cross–sectional study in Chongqing, China. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9:893267. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.893267
- 20. Horn C, Laupsa-Borge J, Andersen AI, et al. Meal patterns associated with energy intake in people with obesity. British Journal of Nutrition. 2022;128(2):334-344.DOI:10.1017/S0007114521002580
- 21. Reiner M, Niermann C, Jekauc D. Long-term health benefits of physical activity–a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1-9.DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-615
- 22. Ludwig DS, Aronne LJ, Astrup A, et al. The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2021;114(6): 1873-1885. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqab270
- 23. Yang Q, Lang X, Li W, Liang Y. The effects of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets vs. low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets on weight, blood pressure, serum liquids and blood glucose: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2022;76(1):16-27. DOI:10.1038/s41430-021-00927-0
- 24. Chawla S, Tessarolo Silva F, Amaral Medeiros S, et al. The effect of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3774.DOI:10.3390/nu12123774
- 25. Shaw KA, Gennat HC, O'Rourke P, et al. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane database of systematic reviews.2006;(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003817.pub3
- 26. Cheładze P, Martuszewski A, Poręba R, et al. The ımportance of the assessment of epicardial adipose tissue in scientific research. J Clin Med. 2022;23;11(19):5621.DOI:10.3390/jcm11195621
- 27. Oh DH, Lee JK. Effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise on body fat, lipid profiles, and adipokines in middle-aged women with obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):3991. DOI:10.3390/ijerph20053991
- 28. Miller T, Mull S, Aragon AA, et al. Resistance training combined with diet decreases body fat while preserving lean mass independent of resting metabolic rate: A randomized trial. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(1):46-54. DOI:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0221
- 29. Ramírez-Vélez R, Castro-Astudillo K, Correa-Bautista JE, et al. The effect of 12 weeks of different exercise training modalities or nutritional guidance on cardiometabolic risk factors, vascular parameters, and physical fitness in overweight adults: Cardiometabolic high-intensity interval training-resistance training randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(8):2178-2188. DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003533
Year 2025,
Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 209 - 216, 10.04.2025
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diet and exercise program for overweight and obese women.
Material and Method: A questionnaire was applied to the participants, and anthropometric measurements were made. Then, they were given a diet list and an aerobic exercise program for eight weeks. After eight weeks, the questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were repeated.In the study, the cases were divided into groups. The 1st group consisted of diet, the 2nd group without exercise, the 3rd group with diet and exercise, and the control group with no diet and no exercise.
Results:32.6% of women were overweight, and 67.4% were obese.Group 1 was 29.2%, group 2 was 13.5%, and group 3 was 38.2%. The control group was 19.1%. A statistical decrease was observed in the participants' BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference parameters between the groups (p<0.05). Weight and BMI differences in group 3 were significantly higher than weight and BMI differences in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Diet and exercise influenced weight control by lowering anthropometric measures. In the fight against obesity, the combination of diet and exercise proved to be more effective than the separate implementation of these measures.
References
- 1. Michael DJ. Obesity. In: Goldman L, Schafer A, ed. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2020:1418-1427.
- 2. LeBlanc ES, Patnode CD, Webber EM, et al. Behavioral and pharmacotherapy weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Jama. 2018;320(11):1172-1191. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7777
- 3. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. 2000.
- 4. World Obesity Federation. London: World Obesity Atlas 2023.https://data.worldobesity.org/publications/?cat=19. Accessed April 28, 2023.
- 5. World Health Organization. WHO European Regional Obesity Report. 2022.https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/353747/9789289057738-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed April 29, 2023.
- 6. Bray GA, Fruhbeck G, Ryan D,Wilding JPH. Management of obesity. Lancet.2016;387:947-1956. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00271-3
- 7. Primack C. A review and critique of published real-world weight management program studies. Postgrad Med.2018;130(6):548-560. DOI:10.1080/00325481.2018.1498280
- 8. Miller CT, Fraser SF, Selig SE, et al. Fitness, strength and body composition during weight loss in women with clinically severe obesity: a randomised clinical trial. Obesity facts. 2020;13(4): 307-321.DOI:10.1159/000506643
- 9. Salas-Salvadó J, Díaz-López A, Ruiz-Canela M, et al. Effect of a lifestyle intervention program with energy-restricted Mediterranean diet and exercise on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: one-year results of the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diabetes Care.2019;42(5):777-788.DOI:10.2337/dc18-0836
- 10. KaikkonenKM, Korpelainen R, Vanhala ML, et al. Long‐term effects on weight loss and maintenance by intensive start with diet and exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2023;33(3):246-256.DOI:10.1111/sms.14269
- 11. Harris JA, Benedict FG. Harris-Benedict Approximation. Crit Care Med.1990;18(4):462-465.
- 12. Lei L, Huang J, Zhang L, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9.DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.935234
- 13. Mezzani A, Hamm LF, Jones AM, et al. Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2013;20(3):442-467. DOI:10.1177/2047487312460484
- 14. Wang F, Chen Y, Chang Y, et al. New anthropometric indices or old ones: which perform better in estimating cardiovascular risks in Chinese adults. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2018;18(1):1-7.DOI:10.1186/s12872-018-0754-z.
- 15. Benn M, Marott SC, Tybjærg-Hansen A, et al. Obesity increases heart failure incidence and mortality: observational and Mendelian randomization studies totalling over 1 million individuals. Cardiovascular Research.2022;118(18):3576-3585.DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvab368.
- 16. Jacoby E, Goldstein J, López A, et al. Social class, family, and life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Peruvian cities. Preventive Medicine. 2003;37(5):396-405. DOI:10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00159-2
- 17. Tzotzas T, Vlahavas G, Papadopoulou SK, et al. Marital status and educational level associated to obesity in Greek adults: Data from the national epidemiological survey. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):732-739.doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-732.
- 18. Vazquez CE, Cubbin C. Socioeconomic status and childhood obesity: a review of literature from the past decade to inform intervention research. Current Obesity Reports. 2020;9:562-570. doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00400-2
- 19. Li S, Zhu Y, Zeng M, et al. Association between nutrition literacy and overweight/obesity of adolescents: A cross–sectional study in Chongqing, China. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9:893267. DOI:10.3389/fnut.2022.893267
- 20. Horn C, Laupsa-Borge J, Andersen AI, et al. Meal patterns associated with energy intake in people with obesity. British Journal of Nutrition. 2022;128(2):334-344.DOI:10.1017/S0007114521002580
- 21. Reiner M, Niermann C, Jekauc D. Long-term health benefits of physical activity–a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1-9.DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-615
- 22. Ludwig DS, Aronne LJ, Astrup A, et al. The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2021;114(6): 1873-1885. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/nqab270
- 23. Yang Q, Lang X, Li W, Liang Y. The effects of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets vs. low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets on weight, blood pressure, serum liquids and blood glucose: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2022;76(1):16-27. DOI:10.1038/s41430-021-00927-0
- 24. Chawla S, Tessarolo Silva F, Amaral Medeiros S, et al. The effect of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):3774.DOI:10.3390/nu12123774
- 25. Shaw KA, Gennat HC, O'Rourke P, et al. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane database of systematic reviews.2006;(4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003817.pub3
- 26. Cheładze P, Martuszewski A, Poręba R, et al. The ımportance of the assessment of epicardial adipose tissue in scientific research. J Clin Med. 2022;23;11(19):5621.DOI:10.3390/jcm11195621
- 27. Oh DH, Lee JK. Effect of different intensities of aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise on body fat, lipid profiles, and adipokines in middle-aged women with obesity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):3991. DOI:10.3390/ijerph20053991
- 28. Miller T, Mull S, Aragon AA, et al. Resistance training combined with diet decreases body fat while preserving lean mass independent of resting metabolic rate: A randomized trial. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28(1):46-54. DOI:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0221
- 29. Ramírez-Vélez R, Castro-Astudillo K, Correa-Bautista JE, et al. The effect of 12 weeks of different exercise training modalities or nutritional guidance on cardiometabolic risk factors, vascular parameters, and physical fitness in overweight adults: Cardiometabolic high-intensity interval training-resistance training randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(8):2178-2188. DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000003533
There are 29 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Policy, Public Health (Other), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Allied Health and Rehabilitation Science (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 21, 2025 |
| Publication Date | April 10, 2025 |
| Submission Date | February 19, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | September 26, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025Volume: 16 Issue: 2 |
