COMPARISON OF COVID-19 FEAR AND COVID-19-RELATED BEHAVIORS OF INTERN PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT COVID-19

Raziye Erkan; Emine Aslan Telci; Sebahat Yaprak Çetin

doi:10.31067/acusaglik.1482444

Research Article

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 262 - 269, 10.04.2025

Raziye Erkan , Emine Aslan Telci , Sebahat Yaprak Çetin

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1482444

Abstract

References

1. World Health Organisation (WHO). WHO Timeline - COVİD-19. 2020. 11 March. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-whotimeline
2. Dong L, Hu S, Gao J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19). Drug Discov Ther. 2020;14(1):58-60. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2020.01012. PMID: 32147628.
3. Güner R, Hasanoğlu I, Aktaş F. COVİD-19: Prevention and control measures in the community. Turk J Med Sci. 2020 Apr; 50(1):571–577. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-146
4. da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, de Resende E Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVİD-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med. 2021 Feb;21(1):15-28. doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32728975; PMCID: PMC7387807.
5. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVİD-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit. 2020 Apr 26;26:e924609. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924609. PMID: 32335579; PMCID: PMC7199435.
6. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVİD-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1537-1545. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32226353; PMCID: PMC7100496.
7. Schimmenti A, Billieux J, Starcevic V. The Four Horsemen of Fear: An Integrated Model of Understanding Fear Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2020 Apr;17(2):41-45. doi: 10.36131/CN20200202. PMID: 34908966; PMCID: PMC8629088.
8. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVİD-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:901-907. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026. Epub 2020 May 8. Erratum in: Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Feb;92:247. PMID: 32437915; PMCID: PMC7206431.
9. Pan R, Zhang L, Pan J. The Anxiety Status of Chinese Medical Workers During the Epidemic of COVİD-19: A Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Investig. 2020 May;17(5):475-480. doi: 10.30773/pi.2020.0127. Epub 2020 May 15. PMID: 32403209; PMCID: PMC7265026.
10. Kim JS, Choi JS. Middle East respiratory syndrome-related knowledge, preventive behaviors, and risk perception among nursing students during an outbreak. J Clin Nurs. 2016 Sep;25(17-18):2542-9. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13295. Epub 2016 Jun 7. PMID: 27273475; PMCID: PMC7166634.
11. Satici B, Gocet-Tekin E, Deniz ME, Satici SA. Adaptation of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(6):1980-1988. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0. Epub 2020 May 8. PMID: 32395095; PMCID: PMC7207987.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19): Protect yourself. March 31, 2020. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-gettingsick/prevention.html. Accessibility verified March 31, 2020.
13. Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. T Psikiyatr Derg. 1997; 8(4):280-287.
14. Öztürk, M. Üniversitede Eğitim – Öğretim Gören Öğrencilerde Uluslar Arası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi (master’s thezis). (Ankara): Hacettepe Üniversitesi ;2005.102p.
15. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1381-95. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB. PMID: 12900694.
16. Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Graham MS, et al. Coronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology Consortium. Risk of COVİD-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Sep;5(9):e475-e483. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30164-X. Epub 2020 Jul 31. PMID: 32745512; PMCID: PMC7491202.
17. Işıklı AG, Şen H, Soydaş D. COVİD-19 tanısı alan ve almayan hemşirelerin psikolojik dayanıklılık, mesleki doyum ve korku düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. J Psychiatric Nurs. 2021;12(4):281-287.
18. Shehada AK, Albelbeisi AH, Albelbeisi A, El Bilbeisi AH, El Afifi A. The fear of COVİD-19 outbreak among health care professionals in Gaza Strip, Palestine. SAGE Open Med. 2021 Jun 3;9:20503121211022987. doi: 10.1177/20503121211022987. PMID: 34158939; PMCID: PMC8182173.
19. Labrague LJ, de Los Santos JAA. Fear of COVİD-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2021 Apr;29(3):395-403. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13168. Epub 2020 Oct 11. PMID: 32985046; PMCID: PMC7537256.
20. Vindegaard N, Benros ME. COVİD-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Oct;89:531-542. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048. Epub 2020 May 30. PMID: 32485289; PMCID: PMC7260522.
21. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e203976-e203976.
22. Reger MA, Piccirillo ML, Buchman-Schmitt JM. COVİD-19, Mental Health, and Suicide Risk Among Health Care Workers: Looking Beyond the Crisis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 4;81(5):20com13381. doi: 10.4088/JCP.20com13381. PMID: 32757506.
23. Stockwell S, Trott M, Tully M, Shin J, Barnett Y, Butler L, McDermott D, Schuch F, Smith L. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviors from before to during the COVİD-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2021 Feb 1;7(1):e000960. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960. PMID: 34192010; PMCID: PMC7852071.
24. Bertrand L, Shaw KA, Ko J, Deprez D, Chilibeck PD, Zello GA. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19) pandemic on university students' dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Mar;46(3):265-272. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0990. Epub 2021 Jan 15. PMID: 33449864.
25. Salman M, Mustafa ZU, Asif N, et al. Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVİD-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations. Drugs Ther Perspect. 2020;36(7):319-325. doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00737-7. Epub 2020 May 9. PMID: 32395069; PMCID: PMC7210795.
26. Umeizudike KA, Isiekwe IG, Fadeju AD, Akinboboye BO, Aladenika ET. Nigerian undergraduate dental students' knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVİD-19 and infection control practices. J Dent Educ. 2021 Feb;85(2):187-196. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12423. Epub 2020 Sep 21. PMID: 32959382; PMCID: PMC7537088.
27. Goyal K, Chauhan P, Chhikara K, Gupta P, Singh MP. Fear of COVİD 2019: First suicidal case in India! Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Mar; 49:101989. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989. Epub 2020 Feb 27. PMID: 32143142; PMCID: PMC7130010.
28. Harper CA, Satchell LP, Fido D, Latzman RD. Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(5):1875-1888. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32346359; PMCID: PMC7185265.
29. Albashir AAD. The potential impacts of obesity on COVİD-19. Clin Med (Lond). 2020 Jul;20(4):e109-e113. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0239. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32571783; PMCID: PMC7385759.
30. Delbressine JM, Machado FVC, Goërtz YMJ , et al. The Impact of Post-COVİD-19 Syndrome on Self-Reported Physical Activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 3;18(11):6017. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116017. PMID: 34205086; PMCID: PMC8199934

COMPARISON OF COVID-19 FEAR AND COVID-19-RELATED BEHAVIORS OF INTERN PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT COVID-19

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 262 - 269, 10.04.2025

Raziye Erkan , Emine Aslan Telci , Sebahat Yaprak Çetin

https://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1482444

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to compare the coronavirus fear status, physical activity levels, coronavirus behaviors, and mental states of physiotherapy and rehabilitation intern students, according to whether they have had COVID-19 or not, and to determine the factors associated with coronavirus fear in students who have and have not had coronavirus.
Materials and Methods: A total of 103 students with an average age of 22.95 ± 1.93 years, who had Covid 19, whose average age was 22.57 ± 1.4 years, who did not have Covid 19 were included in the study. The COVID-19 Fear Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Scale, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire were used in the evaluation. In addition, the COVID-19 protection behaviors of individuals were questioned.
Results: When the groups were compared regarding COVID-19 fear level, anxiety, depression, physical activity parameters, and Covid 19 protection behaviors, it was determined that there was no difference between the groups. The fear scale and body mass index showed a moderately positive association in all participants without COVID-19; however, there was a weak positive relationship with gender, a weak positive relationship with HAD anxiety, and a negative relationship with vigorous activity in the COVID group. (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It was observed that having or not having COVID-19 did not affect COVID-19 fear level, mental state, physical activity level, and Covid 19 behaviors. It was concluded that high BMI, vigorous physical activity high anxiety level, and finally female gender increased the fear of Covid 19.

Keywords

: COVID-19 fear, COVİD-19 behavior, physiotherapy, student.

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee Approval: In this study, we hereby undertake that all the rules required to be followed within the scope of the "Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions" have been complied with and that none of the actions specified under the heading "Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics" of the said directive have been carried out. Approval was obtained from the Pamukkale University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision numbered E-60116787-020-39771 on 30.03.2021. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

References

1. World Health Organisation (WHO). WHO Timeline - COVİD-19. 2020. 11 March. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-04-2020-whotimeline
2. Dong L, Hu S, Gao J. Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19). Drug Discov Ther. 2020;14(1):58-60. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2020.01012. PMID: 32147628.
3. Güner R, Hasanoğlu I, Aktaş F. COVİD-19: Prevention and control measures in the community. Turk J Med Sci. 2020 Apr; 50(1):571–577. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-146
4. da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, de Resende E Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVİD-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med. 2021 Feb;21(1):15-28. doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32728975; PMCID: PMC7387807.
5. Lei L, Huang X, Zhang S, Yang J, Yang L, Xu M. Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVİD-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China. Med Sci Monit. 2020 Apr 26;26:e924609. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924609. PMID: 32335579; PMCID: PMC7199435.
6. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The Fear of COVİD-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(3):1537-1545. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32226353; PMCID: PMC7100496.
7. Schimmenti A, Billieux J, Starcevic V. The Four Horsemen of Fear: An Integrated Model of Understanding Fear Experiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2020 Apr;17(2):41-45. doi: 10.36131/CN20200202. PMID: 34908966; PMCID: PMC8629088.
8. Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVİD-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:901-907. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026. Epub 2020 May 8. Erratum in: Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Feb;92:247. PMID: 32437915; PMCID: PMC7206431.
9. Pan R, Zhang L, Pan J. The Anxiety Status of Chinese Medical Workers During the Epidemic of COVİD-19: A Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Investig. 2020 May;17(5):475-480. doi: 10.30773/pi.2020.0127. Epub 2020 May 15. PMID: 32403209; PMCID: PMC7265026.
10. Kim JS, Choi JS. Middle East respiratory syndrome-related knowledge, preventive behaviors, and risk perception among nursing students during an outbreak. J Clin Nurs. 2016 Sep;25(17-18):2542-9. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13295. Epub 2016 Jun 7. PMID: 27273475; PMCID: PMC7166634.
11. Satici B, Gocet-Tekin E, Deniz ME, Satici SA. Adaptation of the Fear of COVİD-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(6):1980-1988. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0. Epub 2020 May 8. PMID: 32395095; PMCID: PMC7207987.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19): Protect yourself. March 31, 2020. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-gettingsick/prevention.html. Accessibility verified March 31, 2020.
13. Aydemir Ö, Güvenir T, Küey L, Kültür S. Hastane anksiyete ve depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. T Psikiyatr Derg. 1997; 8(4):280-287.
14. Öztürk, M. Üniversitede Eğitim – Öğretim Gören Öğrencilerde Uluslar Arası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi (master’s thezis). (Ankara): Hacettepe Üniversitesi ;2005.102p.
15. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1381-95. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB. PMID: 12900694.
16. Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Graham MS, et al. Coronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology Consortium. Risk of COVİD-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health. 2020 Sep;5(9):e475-e483. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30164-X. Epub 2020 Jul 31. PMID: 32745512; PMCID: PMC7491202.
17. Işıklı AG, Şen H, Soydaş D. COVİD-19 tanısı alan ve almayan hemşirelerin psikolojik dayanıklılık, mesleki doyum ve korku düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. J Psychiatric Nurs. 2021;12(4):281-287.
18. Shehada AK, Albelbeisi AH, Albelbeisi A, El Bilbeisi AH, El Afifi A. The fear of COVİD-19 outbreak among health care professionals in Gaza Strip, Palestine. SAGE Open Med. 2021 Jun 3;9:20503121211022987. doi: 10.1177/20503121211022987. PMID: 34158939; PMCID: PMC8182173.
19. Labrague LJ, de Los Santos JAA. Fear of COVİD-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2021 Apr;29(3):395-403. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13168. Epub 2020 Oct 11. PMID: 32985046; PMCID: PMC7537256.
20. Vindegaard N, Benros ME. COVİD-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Oct;89:531-542. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048. Epub 2020 May 30. PMID: 32485289; PMCID: PMC7260522.
21. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e203976-e203976.
22. Reger MA, Piccirillo ML, Buchman-Schmitt JM. COVİD-19, Mental Health, and Suicide Risk Among Health Care Workers: Looking Beyond the Crisis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 4;81(5):20com13381. doi: 10.4088/JCP.20com13381. PMID: 32757506.
23. Stockwell S, Trott M, Tully M, Shin J, Barnett Y, Butler L, McDermott D, Schuch F, Smith L. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviors from before to during the COVİD-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2021 Feb 1;7(1):e000960. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960. PMID: 34192010; PMCID: PMC7852071.
24. Bertrand L, Shaw KA, Ko J, Deprez D, Chilibeck PD, Zello GA. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVİD-19) pandemic on university students' dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Mar;46(3):265-272. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0990. Epub 2021 Jan 15. PMID: 33449864.
25. Salman M, Mustafa ZU, Asif N, et al. Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVİD-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations. Drugs Ther Perspect. 2020;36(7):319-325. doi: 10.1007/s40267-020-00737-7. Epub 2020 May 9. PMID: 32395069; PMCID: PMC7210795.
26. Umeizudike KA, Isiekwe IG, Fadeju AD, Akinboboye BO, Aladenika ET. Nigerian undergraduate dental students' knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVİD-19 and infection control practices. J Dent Educ. 2021 Feb;85(2):187-196. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12423. Epub 2020 Sep 21. PMID: 32959382; PMCID: PMC7537088.
27. Goyal K, Chauhan P, Chhikara K, Gupta P, Singh MP. Fear of COVİD 2019: First suicidal case in India! Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Mar; 49:101989. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989. Epub 2020 Feb 27. PMID: 32143142; PMCID: PMC7130010.
28. Harper CA, Satchell LP, Fido D, Latzman RD. Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVİD-19 Pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19(5):1875-1888. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32346359; PMCID: PMC7185265.
29. Albashir AAD. The potential impacts of obesity on COVİD-19. Clin Med (Lond). 2020 Jul;20(4):e109-e113. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0239. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32571783; PMCID: PMC7385759.
30. Delbressine JM, Machado FVC, Goërtz YMJ , et al. The Impact of Post-COVİD-19 Syndrome on Self-Reported Physical Activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 3;18(11):6017. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116017. PMID: 34205086; PMCID: PMC8199934

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Rehabilitation
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Raziye Erkan 0000-0001-7403-3962 Emine Aslan Telci 0000-0003-2749-295X Sebahat Yaprak Çetin 0000-0002-7467-1398
Early Pub Date	March 21, 2025
Publication Date	April 10, 2025
Submission Date	May 11, 2024
Acceptance Date	January 24, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote	Erkan R, Aslan Telci E, Çetin SY (April 1, 2025) COMPARISON OF COVID-19 FEAR AND COVID-19-RELATED BEHAVIORS OF INTERN PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT COVID-19. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 16 2 262–269.

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