Research Article
Year 2025,
Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 182 - 188, 10.04.2025
Abstract
References
- 1 Bose S, Laha B and Banerjee S. Quantification of allicin by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis with effect of post-ultrasonic sound and microwave radiation on fresh garlic cloves. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014;10:S288-93. DOI:10.4103/0973-1296.133279
- 2 Diretto G, Rubio-Moraga A, Argandona J, et al. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes. Molecules. 2017;22. DOI:10.3390/molecules22081359
- 3 Shang A, Cao SY, Xu XY, et al. Bioactive Compounds and Biological Functions of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). Foods. 2019;8. DOI:10.3390/foods8070246
- 4 Szychowski KA, Rybczynska-Tkaczyk K, Gawel-Beben K, et al. Characterization of Active Compounds of Different Garlic (L.) Cultivars. Pol J Food Nutr Sci. 2018;68:73-81. DOI:10.1515/pjfns-2017-0005
- 5 Jacob B and Narendhirakannan RT. Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech. 2019;9. DOI:ARTN 410.1007/s13205-018-1528-0
- 6 Kilic-Buyukkurt O, Kelebek H, Bordiga M, et al. Changes in the aroma and key odorants from white garlic to black garlic using approaches of molecular sensory science: A review. Heliyon. 2023;9. DOI:ARTN e1905610.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19056
- 7 Ammarellou A, Yousefi AR, Heydari M, et al. Biochemical and Botanical Aspects of L. Sowing. Biotech-Basel. 2022;11. DOI:ARTN 1610.3390/biotech11020016
- 8 Stepien AE, Trojniak J and Tabarkiewicz J. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Black Garlic. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25. DOI:10.3390/ijms25031801
- 9 Güveli H, Uzsoy, A., Özlü, T., Kenger, E., Vd. Onkoloji Hastalarında Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıp Kullanım Sıklığının ve Diyet Yaklaşımlarının Belirlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2021;21:307-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.814348
- 10 Farhat Z, Hershberger PA, Freudenheim JL, et al. Types of garlic and their anticancer and antioxidant activity: a review of the epidemiologic and experimental evidence. Eur J Nutr. 2021;60:3585-609. DOI:10.1007/s00394-021-02482-7
- 11 Kim JH, Nam SH, Rico CW, et al. A comparative study on the antioxidative and anti-allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts. Int J Food Sci Tech. 2012;47:1176-82. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02957.x
- 12 Saikat AM, Hossain R, Mina FB, et al. Antidiabetic Effect of Garlic. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2022;32:1-11. DOI:10.1007/s43450-021-00193-y
- 13 Saryono, Sarmoko, Nani D, et al. Black solo garlic protects hepatic and renal cell function in streptozotocin-induced rats. Front Nutr. 2022;9. DOI:ARTN 96299310.3389/fnut.2022.962993
- 14 Song XW, Xue LY, Geng XY, et al. Structural Characteristics and Immunomodulatory Effects of Melanoidins from Black Garlic. Foods. 2023;12. DOI:ARTN 200410.3390/foods12102004
- 15 Stepien AE, Trojniak J and Tabarkiewicz J. Health-Promoting Properties: Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of L. Flowers and Fruits. Molecules. 2023;28. DOI:ARTN 623510.3390/molecules28176235
- 16 İbret B. TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SARIMSAK TARIMI VE TAŞKÖPRÜ SARIMSAĞI ÜZERİNE COĞRAFİ AÇIDAN BİR İNCELEME. . Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi(2013;12:17-50.
- 17 Taban S. Taşköprü Yöresinde Sarımsak Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması. . Journal of Agricultural Sciences, . 2004;10(03). . DOI:10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000910
- 18 Shimura T, Sasatani M, Kamiya K, et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species perturb AKT/cyclin D1 cell cycle signaling via oxidative inactivation of PP2A in lowdose irradiated human fibroblasts. Oncotarget. 2016;7:3559-70. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.6518
- 19 Zhao H, Zhuang Y, Li R, et al. Effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation on cell apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage repair and glycolysis in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett. 2019;17:42-54. DOI:10.3892/ol.2018.9566
- 20 Yang QW, Li F, Jia GH, et al. Aged black garlic extract inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells by downregulating MCL-1 expression through the ROS-JNK pathway. Plos One. 2023;18. DOI:ARTN e028645410.1371/journal.pone.0286454
- 21 Park C, Park S, Chung YH, et al. Induction of apoptosis by a hexane extract of aged black garlic in the human leukemic U937 cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2014;8:132-7. DOI:10.4162/nrp.2014.8.1.132
- 22 Dong MH, Yang GQ, Liu HC, et al. Aged black garlic extract inhibits HT29 colon cancer cell growth via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Rep. 2014;2:250-4. DOI:10.3892/br.2014.226
- 23 Jikihara H, Qi GY, Nozoe K, et al. Aged garlic extract inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor development by suppressing cell proliferation. Oncol Rep. 2015;33:1131-40. DOI:10.3892/or.2014.3705
- 24 Zhang Y, Li HY, Zhang ZH, et al. Garlic-derived compound S-allylmercaptocysteine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis via the JNK and p38 pathways in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett. 2014;8:2591-6. DOI:10.3892/ol.2014.2579
- 25 Choromanska A, Kulbacka J, Saczko J, et al. Effect of diallyl disulfide and garlic oil on different human astrocytoma cell lines. Biomed Rep. 2020;13. DOI:ARTN 3210.3892/br.2020.1339
- 26 Reeve VE, Bosnic M, Rozinova E, et al. A Garlic Extract Protects from Ultraviolet-B (280-320 Nm) Radiation-Induced Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity. Photochem Photobiol. 1993;58:813-7. DOI:DOI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb04975.x
Effects of white and black garlic extracts on multiple cancer cells and fibroblast cells after irradiation
Abstract
Background: Allium sativum (Garlic), is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the Liliaceae family. It has been used as a medicine for thousands of years. Garlic is one of the most important ampoule vegetables used as a spice and flavoring agent for food. White and black garlic contain a variety of beneficial minerals, vitamins and many other substances used for human health. In addition to vitamins, it contains sugar, protein, fat, calcium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur. It is also used to treat a wide range of diseases including blood pressure and cholesterol, cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, fungal and wound healing, asthma, arthritis, chronic fever, tuberculosis, rhinitis, malaria, severe skin diseases, digestive disorders, diabetes, kidney stones, anemia, jaundice, epilepsy, cataract, and night blindness. The aim was to investigate the effects of garlic extract on irradiated colon cancer, neuroblastoma cancer cells and fibroblasts.
Material and methods: In the study, colon, brain cancer, and fibroblast cells were replicated in a culture environment and treated for 24 hours with white garlic and fermented black garlic extracts. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. All results were statistically analyzed with GraphPad Prism (Version 8.0.3).
Results: According to the results, the determined doses of garlics were treated with 24-hour garlic doses, after which the cells were first given 2 Gray radiation doses for combined radiation therapy. The MTT test determined cell vitality and evaluated the results through statistical analysis.
Conclusion: According to our study, we have concluded that white garlic has a protective effect on radiation damage, while black garlic increases cancer cell death.
Ethical Statement
No ethical approval is required.
Supporting Institution
Not
Thanks
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: We thank İlknur ALSAN ÇETİN for her assistance in providing us with Taşköprü garlic.
References
- 1 Bose S, Laha B and Banerjee S. Quantification of allicin by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis with effect of post-ultrasonic sound and microwave radiation on fresh garlic cloves. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014;10:S288-93. DOI:10.4103/0973-1296.133279
- 2 Diretto G, Rubio-Moraga A, Argandona J, et al. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes. Molecules. 2017;22. DOI:10.3390/molecules22081359
- 3 Shang A, Cao SY, Xu XY, et al. Bioactive Compounds and Biological Functions of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). Foods. 2019;8. DOI:10.3390/foods8070246
- 4 Szychowski KA, Rybczynska-Tkaczyk K, Gawel-Beben K, et al. Characterization of Active Compounds of Different Garlic (L.) Cultivars. Pol J Food Nutr Sci. 2018;68:73-81. DOI:10.1515/pjfns-2017-0005
- 5 Jacob B and Narendhirakannan RT. Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech. 2019;9. DOI:ARTN 410.1007/s13205-018-1528-0
- 6 Kilic-Buyukkurt O, Kelebek H, Bordiga M, et al. Changes in the aroma and key odorants from white garlic to black garlic using approaches of molecular sensory science: A review. Heliyon. 2023;9. DOI:ARTN e1905610.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19056
- 7 Ammarellou A, Yousefi AR, Heydari M, et al. Biochemical and Botanical Aspects of L. Sowing. Biotech-Basel. 2022;11. DOI:ARTN 1610.3390/biotech11020016
- 8 Stepien AE, Trojniak J and Tabarkiewicz J. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Black Garlic. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25. DOI:10.3390/ijms25031801
- 9 Güveli H, Uzsoy, A., Özlü, T., Kenger, E., Vd. Onkoloji Hastalarında Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıp Kullanım Sıklığının ve Diyet Yaklaşımlarının Belirlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2021;21:307-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.814348
- 10 Farhat Z, Hershberger PA, Freudenheim JL, et al. Types of garlic and their anticancer and antioxidant activity: a review of the epidemiologic and experimental evidence. Eur J Nutr. 2021;60:3585-609. DOI:10.1007/s00394-021-02482-7
- 11 Kim JH, Nam SH, Rico CW, et al. A comparative study on the antioxidative and anti-allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts. Int J Food Sci Tech. 2012;47:1176-82. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02957.x
- 12 Saikat AM, Hossain R, Mina FB, et al. Antidiabetic Effect of Garlic. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2022;32:1-11. DOI:10.1007/s43450-021-00193-y
- 13 Saryono, Sarmoko, Nani D, et al. Black solo garlic protects hepatic and renal cell function in streptozotocin-induced rats. Front Nutr. 2022;9. DOI:ARTN 96299310.3389/fnut.2022.962993
- 14 Song XW, Xue LY, Geng XY, et al. Structural Characteristics and Immunomodulatory Effects of Melanoidins from Black Garlic. Foods. 2023;12. DOI:ARTN 200410.3390/foods12102004
- 15 Stepien AE, Trojniak J and Tabarkiewicz J. Health-Promoting Properties: Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of L. Flowers and Fruits. Molecules. 2023;28. DOI:ARTN 623510.3390/molecules28176235
- 16 İbret B. TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SARIMSAK TARIMI VE TAŞKÖPRÜ SARIMSAĞI ÜZERİNE COĞRAFİ AÇIDAN BİR İNCELEME. . Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi(2013;12:17-50.
- 17 Taban S. Taşköprü Yöresinde Sarımsak Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması. . Journal of Agricultural Sciences, . 2004;10(03). . DOI:10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000910
- 18 Shimura T, Sasatani M, Kamiya K, et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species perturb AKT/cyclin D1 cell cycle signaling via oxidative inactivation of PP2A in lowdose irradiated human fibroblasts. Oncotarget. 2016;7:3559-70. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.6518
- 19 Zhao H, Zhuang Y, Li R, et al. Effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation on cell apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage repair and glycolysis in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett. 2019;17:42-54. DOI:10.3892/ol.2018.9566
- 20 Yang QW, Li F, Jia GH, et al. Aged black garlic extract inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells by downregulating MCL-1 expression through the ROS-JNK pathway. Plos One. 2023;18. DOI:ARTN e028645410.1371/journal.pone.0286454
- 21 Park C, Park S, Chung YH, et al. Induction of apoptosis by a hexane extract of aged black garlic in the human leukemic U937 cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2014;8:132-7. DOI:10.4162/nrp.2014.8.1.132
- 22 Dong MH, Yang GQ, Liu HC, et al. Aged black garlic extract inhibits HT29 colon cancer cell growth via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Rep. 2014;2:250-4. DOI:10.3892/br.2014.226
- 23 Jikihara H, Qi GY, Nozoe K, et al. Aged garlic extract inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumor development by suppressing cell proliferation. Oncol Rep. 2015;33:1131-40. DOI:10.3892/or.2014.3705
- 24 Zhang Y, Li HY, Zhang ZH, et al. Garlic-derived compound S-allylmercaptocysteine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis via the JNK and p38 pathways in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett. 2014;8:2591-6. DOI:10.3892/ol.2014.2579
- 25 Choromanska A, Kulbacka J, Saczko J, et al. Effect of diallyl disulfide and garlic oil on different human astrocytoma cell lines. Biomed Rep. 2020;13. DOI:ARTN 3210.3892/br.2020.1339
- 26 Reeve VE, Bosnic M, Rozinova E, et al. A Garlic Extract Protects from Ultraviolet-B (280-320 Nm) Radiation-Induced Suppression of Contact Hypersensitivity. Photochem Photobiol. 1993;58:813-7. DOI:DOI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb04975.x
There are 26 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | March 21, 2025 |
| Publication Date | April 10, 2025 |
| Submission Date | December 19, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | January 31, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025Volume: 16 Issue: 2 |
