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The Effect of Diet On The Microbiota and Its Reflections On Obesity

Year 2019, Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 01.03.2019

Merve Deniz Demirel Efsun Karabudak

Abstract

Obesity which has increased by two folds since 1980 according to the data from the World Health Organization WHO leads to the development of many health problems. Obesity is a multifactorial disease, and fundamentally it develops due to increased energy intake and the reduction of energy expenditure in proportion to intake. One other factor that has an important role in energy balancing that is implicated in the development of obesity is the intestinal microbiota. It is being It has been reported that eating habits affect the intestinal microbiota and the intestinal microbiota affects the body weight. It is believed that the intestinal microbiota enhances energy extraction and affects the host metabolism by changing the modulation of the immune system and the lipid metabolism. Studies that are researching the relationship between obesity and the intestinal microbiota, which has such a great effect on the human metabolism, support the evidence idea that the intestinal microbiota could be effective in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Increasing the number of studies in this area is important to acquire a deeper understanding of this subject and to shed light on aspects still uncovered

Keywords

Obesity intestinal microbiota nutrition weight loss

References

  • 1. Obesity and Overweight. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs311/en/
  • 2. Power SE, O’Toole PW, Stanton C, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF. Intestinal Microbiota, Diet And Health. Br J Nutr 2014;111:387–402. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O’Sullivan O, Greene-Diniz R, de Weerd H, Flannery E, et al. Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2011;108:4586–91. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumuga M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010;464:59–65. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, Stability And Resilience Of The Human Gut Microbiota. Nature 2012;489:220–30. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Çelebi G, Uygun A. İntestinal Mikrobiyota ve Fekal Transplantasyon. Güncel Gastroentoroloji 2013;17:148–57.
  • 7. Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S. Human Colonic Microbiota: Ecology, Physiology And Metabolic Potential Of Intestinal Bacteria. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1997;32:3–9. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Hooper LV, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI. How Host-Microbial Interactions Shape The Nutrient Environment Of The Mammalian Intestine. Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:283–307. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Roberfroid MB, Bornet F, Bouley C, Cummings JH. Colonic Microflora: Nutrition And Health: Summary And Conclusions Of An International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI)[Europe] Workshop Held In Barcelona, Spain. Nutr Rev 1995;53:127–30. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Backhed F, Ley RE, Sonnenburg JL Peterson DA, Gordon JI. HostBacterial Mutualism In The Human Intestine. Science 2005;307:1915– 20. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Caesar R, Fak F, Backhed F. Effects Of Gut Microbiota On Obesity And Atherosclerosis Via Modilation Of Inflammation And Lipid Metabolism. J Intern Med 2010;268:320–8. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Denechaud PD, Dentin R, Girard J Postic C. Role Of ChREBP In Hepatic Steatosis And Insulin Resistance. FEBS Lett 2008;582:68–73. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Champe PC, Harvey R, Ferrier D. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Serisinden: Biyokimya. Nobel Tıp Kitapevi, 2007. s.198.
  • 14. Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schafer K, Beijer S, Bos NA, Donus C, Hardt PD. Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects. Obesity 2010;18:190–5. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004;101:15718–23. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Wright SD, Ramos RA, Tobias PS, Ulevitch RJ, Mathison JC. CD14, A Receptor For Complexes Of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) And LPS Binding Protein. Science 1990;249:1431–3. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, Hawn TR, Yi EC, Goodlett DR, et al. The Innate Immune Response To Bacterial Flagellin Is Mediated By Toll-Like Receptor 5. Nature 2001;410:1099–103. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Tuğrul T, Ersoy F. Dostu Düşmanı Ayıran Bir Doğal İmmünite Bileşeni: Toll-Like Reseptörler (TLR). Hacettepe Tıp Derg 2004;35:114–8.
  • 19. Zhang CH, Zhang MH, Wang SY, Han R, Cao Y, Hua W, et al. Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host Genetics And Diet Relevant To Development Of Metabolic Syndromes In Mice. ISME J 2010;4:232–41. [CrossRef]
  • 20. De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S, et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2010;107:14691–6. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, Keilbaugh SA, et al. Linking Long-Term Dietary Patterns With Gut Microbial Enterotypes. Science 2011;334:105–8. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Schnorr SL, Candela M, Rampelli S, Centanni M, Consolandi C, Basaglia G, et al. Gut Microbiome Of The Hadza Hunter-Gatherers. Nat Commun 2014;5:3654. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Moore WE, Moore LH. Intestinal Floras Of Populations That Have A High Risk Of Colon Cancer. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995;61:3202–7.
  • 24. Cummings JH, Englyst HN. What is Dietary Fibre? Trends in Food Science and Technology 1991;2:99–103. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, et al. Human Gut Microbiome Viewed Across Age And Geography. Nature 2012;486:222–7. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Ze X, Duncan SH, Louis P, Flint HJ. Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon. ISME Journal 2012;6:1535–43. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Ramsay AG, Scott KP, Martin JC, Rincon MT, Flint HJ. Cell-Associated α-Amylases Of Butyrate-Producing Firmicute Bacteria From The Human Colon. Microbiology 2006;152:3281–90. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Martínez I, Kim J, Duffy PR, Schlegel VL, Walter J. Resistant starches types 2 and 4 have differential effects on the composition of the fecal microbiota in human subjects. PLoS One 2010;5:e15046. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Macfarlane GT, Englyst HN. Starch Utilization By The Human Large İntestinal Microflora. J Appl Bacteriol 1986;60:195–201. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Tannock GW, Munro K, Bibiloni R, Simon MA, Hargreaves P, Gopal P, et al. Impact Of Consumption Of Oligosaccharide-Containing Biscuits On The Fecal Microbiota Of Humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004;70:2129–36. [CrossRef]
  • 31. Van Den Abbeele P, Gérard P, Rabot S, Bruneau A, El Aidy S, Derrien M, et al. Arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin-degradation in humanized rats. Environ Microbiol 2011;13:2667–80. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Macfarlane GT, Steed H, Macfarlane S. Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2008;104:305–44. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Klaassens ES, Boesten RJ, Haarman M, Knol J, Schuren FH, Vaughan EE, WM de Vos. Mixed-Species Genomic Microarray Analysis Of Fecal Samples Reveals Differential Transcriptional Responses Of Bifidobacteria In Breast- And Formula-Fed Infants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009;75:2668–76. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Ramirez-Farias C, Slezak K, Fuller Z, Duncan A, Holtrop G, Louis P. Effect Of Inulin On The Human Gut Microbiota: Stimulation Of Bifidobacterium Adolescentis And Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii. Br J Nutr 2009;101:541–50. [CrossRef]
  • 35. Tannock GW, Munro K, Bibiloni R, Simon MA, Hargreaves P, Gopal P, et al. Impact Of Consumption Of Oligosaccharide-Containing Biscuits On The Fecal Microbiota Of Humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004;70:2129–36. [CrossRef]
  • 36. Davis LMG, Martínez I, Walter J, Hutkins R. A dose dependent impact of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides on the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. Int J Food Microbiol 2010;144:285–92. [CrossRef]
  • 37. Walton GE, Van Den Heuvel EG, Kosters MH, Rastall RA, Tuohy KM, Gibson GR. A Randomised Crossover Study Investigating The Effects Of Galacto-Oligosaccharides On The Faecal Microbiota In Men And Women Over 50 Years Of Age. Br J Nutr 2012;107:1466–75. [CrossRef]
  • 38. Walton GE, Lu C, Trogh I, Arnaut F, Gibson GR. A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Study To Determine The Gastrointestinal Effects Of Consumption Of Arabinoxylanoligosaccharides Enriched Bread In Healthy Volunteers. Nutr J 2012;11:36. [CrossRef]
  • 39. Gabert L, Vors C, Louche-Pélissier C, Sauvinet V, Lambert-Porcheron S, Drai J, et al. 13C Tracer Recovery In Human Stools After Digestion Of A Fat-Rich Meal Labelled With [1, 1, 1–13C3] Tripalmitin And [1, 1, 1–13C3] Triolein. Rapid Com Mass Spect 2011;25:2697–703. [CrossRef]
  • 40. Zhang C, Zhang M, Pang X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhao L. Structural Resilience Of The Gut Microbiota In Adult Mice Under High-Fat Dietary Perturbations. ISME J 2012;6:1848–57. [CrossRef]
  • 41. Fleissner CK, Huebel N, Abd El-Bary MM, Loh G, Klaus S, Blaut M. Absence Of Intestinal Microbiota Does Not Protect Mice From DietInduced Obesity. Br J Nutr 2010;104:919–29. [CrossRef]
  • 42. Ley R, Turnbaugh P, Klein S, Gordon JI. Human Gut Microbes Associated With Obesity. Nature 2006;444:1022–3. [CrossRef]
  • 43. Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schafer K, Beijer S, Bos NA, Donus C, Hardt PD. Microbiota And SCFA In Lean And Overweight Healthy Subjects. Obesity 2009;18:190–5. [CrossRef]
  • 44. Duncan SH, Lobley GE, Holtrop G, Ince J, Johnstone AM, Louis P, Flint HJ. Human Colonic Microbiota Associated With Diet, Obesity And Weight Loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008;32:1720–4. [CrossRef]
  • 45. Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley ER, et al. A Core Gut A Microbiome In Obese And Lean Twins. Nature 2009;457:480–4. [CrossRef]
  • 46. Turnbaugh, P, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An Obesity-Associated Gut Microbiome With Increased Capacity For Energy Harvest. Nature 2006;444:1027–31. [CrossRef]
  • 47. Ley RE, Bäckhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD, Gordon JI. Obesity Alters Gut Microbial Ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2;102:11070–5. [CrossRef]
  • 48. Zhang H, DiBaise JK, Zuccolo A, Kudrna D, Braidotti M, Yu Y, et al. Human Gut Microbiota in Obesity And After Gastric Bypass. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:2365–70. [CrossRef]
  • 49. Furet JP, Kong LC, Tap J, Poitou C, Basdevant A, Bouillot JL, et al. Differential Adaptation Of Human Gut Microbiota To Bariatric Surgery-induced Weight Loss: Links With Metabolic And Low-Grade inflammation Markers. Diabetes 2010;59:3049–57. [CrossRef]
  • 50. Satos M, Nadal I, Marti A, A Martínez, Matillas MM, Campoy C, et al. Gut Microbes And Obesity in Adolescents. Proc Nutr Soc 2008;67. [CrossRef]
  • 51. Walker A, Ince J, Duncan S, Webster LM, Holtrop G, Ze X, et al. Dominant And Diet-Responsive Groups Of Bacteria Within The Human Colonic Microbiota. ISME J 2011;5:220–230. [CrossRef]
  • 52. Santacruz A, Marcos A, Warnberg J, Martí A, Martin-Matillas M, Campoy C, et al. Interplay Between Weight Loss And Microbiota Composition In Overweight Adolescents. Obesity 2009;17:1906–15. [CrossRef]
  • 53. Nadal I, Santacruz A, Marcos A, Warnberg J, Garagorri JM, Moreno LA, et al. Shifts In Clostridia, Bacteroides And Immunoglobulin-Coating Fecal Bacteria Associated With Weight Loss In Obese Adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009;33:758–67. [CrossRef]

Diyetin Mikrobiyotaya Etkisi ve Obeziteye Yansımaları

Year 2019, Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 01.03.2019

Merve Deniz Demirel Efsun Karabudak

Abstract

Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün DSÖ verilerine göre 1980 yılından bu yana iki kat artış gösteren obezite birçok sağlık sorununun gelişimine neden olmaktadır. Multifaktöriyel bir gelişimi olan obezite, temel olarak enerji alımının artması ve harcamanın azalmasının sonucunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Enerji dengesinde önemli bir rol oynayan ve obezitenin oluşumunda etkisi oluğu düşünülen bir etmende bağırsak mikrobiyotasıdır. Beslenme alışkanlıklarının bağırsak mikrobiyotasını etkilediğini ve bağırsak mikrobiyomunun vücut ağırlığı üzerinde etkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyatasının enerji ekstraksiyonunu artırıp, immün sistem modülasyonunu ve lipid metabolizmasını değiştirerek konakçı metabolizmasını etkilediği düşünülmektedir. İnsan metabolizması üzerinde bu denli etkileri olan bağırsak mikrobiyotasının obezite ile ilişkisi üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının obezitenin önlenmesi ve tedavisinde etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu konunun öneminin ileri dönemlerde daha iyi anlaşılması için yapılan çalışmaların artması henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamayan konulara ışık tutması açısından önemlidir

Keywords

Obezite bağırsak mikrobiyotası beslenme ağırlık kaybı

References

  • 1. Obesity and Overweight. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs311/en/
  • 2. Power SE, O’Toole PW, Stanton C, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF. Intestinal Microbiota, Diet And Health. Br J Nutr 2014;111:387–402. [CrossRef]
  • 3. Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O’Sullivan O, Greene-Diniz R, de Weerd H, Flannery E, et al. Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2011;108:4586–91. [CrossRef]
  • 4. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumuga M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010;464:59–65. [CrossRef]
  • 5. Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, Stability And Resilience Of The Human Gut Microbiota. Nature 2012;489:220–30. [CrossRef]
  • 6. Çelebi G, Uygun A. İntestinal Mikrobiyota ve Fekal Transplantasyon. Güncel Gastroentoroloji 2013;17:148–57.
  • 7. Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S. Human Colonic Microbiota: Ecology, Physiology And Metabolic Potential Of Intestinal Bacteria. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1997;32:3–9. [CrossRef]
  • 8. Hooper LV, Midtvedt T, Gordon JI. How Host-Microbial Interactions Shape The Nutrient Environment Of The Mammalian Intestine. Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:283–307. [CrossRef]
  • 9. Roberfroid MB, Bornet F, Bouley C, Cummings JH. Colonic Microflora: Nutrition And Health: Summary And Conclusions Of An International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI)[Europe] Workshop Held In Barcelona, Spain. Nutr Rev 1995;53:127–30. [CrossRef]
  • 10. Backhed F, Ley RE, Sonnenburg JL Peterson DA, Gordon JI. HostBacterial Mutualism In The Human Intestine. Science 2005;307:1915– 20. [CrossRef]
  • 11. Caesar R, Fak F, Backhed F. Effects Of Gut Microbiota On Obesity And Atherosclerosis Via Modilation Of Inflammation And Lipid Metabolism. J Intern Med 2010;268:320–8. [CrossRef]
  • 12. Denechaud PD, Dentin R, Girard J Postic C. Role Of ChREBP In Hepatic Steatosis And Insulin Resistance. FEBS Lett 2008;582:68–73. [CrossRef]
  • 13. Champe PC, Harvey R, Ferrier D. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Serisinden: Biyokimya. Nobel Tıp Kitapevi, 2007. s.198.
  • 14. Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schafer K, Beijer S, Bos NA, Donus C, Hardt PD. Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects. Obesity 2010;18:190–5. [CrossRef]
  • 15. Backhed F, Ding H, Wang T, Hooper LV, Koh GY, Nagy A, et al. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004;101:15718–23. [CrossRef]
  • 16. Wright SD, Ramos RA, Tobias PS, Ulevitch RJ, Mathison JC. CD14, A Receptor For Complexes Of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) And LPS Binding Protein. Science 1990;249:1431–3. [CrossRef]
  • 17. Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, Hawn TR, Yi EC, Goodlett DR, et al. The Innate Immune Response To Bacterial Flagellin Is Mediated By Toll-Like Receptor 5. Nature 2001;410:1099–103. [CrossRef]
  • 18. Tuğrul T, Ersoy F. Dostu Düşmanı Ayıran Bir Doğal İmmünite Bileşeni: Toll-Like Reseptörler (TLR). Hacettepe Tıp Derg 2004;35:114–8.
  • 19. Zhang CH, Zhang MH, Wang SY, Han R, Cao Y, Hua W, et al. Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host Genetics And Diet Relevant To Development Of Metabolic Syndromes In Mice. ISME J 2010;4:232–41. [CrossRef]
  • 20. De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S, et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2010;107:14691–6. [CrossRef]
  • 21. Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, Keilbaugh SA, et al. Linking Long-Term Dietary Patterns With Gut Microbial Enterotypes. Science 2011;334:105–8. [CrossRef]
  • 22. Schnorr SL, Candela M, Rampelli S, Centanni M, Consolandi C, Basaglia G, et al. Gut Microbiome Of The Hadza Hunter-Gatherers. Nat Commun 2014;5:3654. [CrossRef]
  • 23. Moore WE, Moore LH. Intestinal Floras Of Populations That Have A High Risk Of Colon Cancer. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995;61:3202–7.
  • 24. Cummings JH, Englyst HN. What is Dietary Fibre? Trends in Food Science and Technology 1991;2:99–103. [CrossRef]
  • 25. Yatsunenko T, Rey FE, Manary MJ, Trehan I, Dominguez-Bello MG, Contreras M, et al. Human Gut Microbiome Viewed Across Age And Geography. Nature 2012;486:222–7. [CrossRef]
  • 26. Ze X, Duncan SH, Louis P, Flint HJ. Ruminococcus bromii is a keystone species for the degradation of resistant starch in the human colon. ISME Journal 2012;6:1535–43. [CrossRef]
  • 27. Ramsay AG, Scott KP, Martin JC, Rincon MT, Flint HJ. Cell-Associated α-Amylases Of Butyrate-Producing Firmicute Bacteria From The Human Colon. Microbiology 2006;152:3281–90. [CrossRef]
  • 28. Martínez I, Kim J, Duffy PR, Schlegel VL, Walter J. Resistant starches types 2 and 4 have differential effects on the composition of the fecal microbiota in human subjects. PLoS One 2010;5:e15046. [CrossRef]
  • 29. Macfarlane GT, Englyst HN. Starch Utilization By The Human Large İntestinal Microflora. J Appl Bacteriol 1986;60:195–201. [CrossRef]
  • 30. Tannock GW, Munro K, Bibiloni R, Simon MA, Hargreaves P, Gopal P, et al. Impact Of Consumption Of Oligosaccharide-Containing Biscuits On The Fecal Microbiota Of Humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004;70:2129–36. [CrossRef]
  • 31. Van Den Abbeele P, Gérard P, Rabot S, Bruneau A, El Aidy S, Derrien M, et al. Arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin-degradation in humanized rats. Environ Microbiol 2011;13:2667–80. [CrossRef]
  • 32. Macfarlane GT, Steed H, Macfarlane S. Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2008;104:305–44. [CrossRef]
  • 33. Klaassens ES, Boesten RJ, Haarman M, Knol J, Schuren FH, Vaughan EE, WM de Vos. Mixed-Species Genomic Microarray Analysis Of Fecal Samples Reveals Differential Transcriptional Responses Of Bifidobacteria In Breast- And Formula-Fed Infants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009;75:2668–76. [CrossRef]
  • 34. Ramirez-Farias C, Slezak K, Fuller Z, Duncan A, Holtrop G, Louis P. Effect Of Inulin On The Human Gut Microbiota: Stimulation Of Bifidobacterium Adolescentis And Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii. Br J Nutr 2009;101:541–50. [CrossRef]
  • 35. Tannock GW, Munro K, Bibiloni R, Simon MA, Hargreaves P, Gopal P, et al. Impact Of Consumption Of Oligosaccharide-Containing Biscuits On The Fecal Microbiota Of Humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004;70:2129–36. [CrossRef]
  • 36. Davis LMG, Martínez I, Walter J, Hutkins R. A dose dependent impact of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides on the intestinal microbiota of healthy adults. Int J Food Microbiol 2010;144:285–92. [CrossRef]
  • 37. Walton GE, Van Den Heuvel EG, Kosters MH, Rastall RA, Tuohy KM, Gibson GR. A Randomised Crossover Study Investigating The Effects Of Galacto-Oligosaccharides On The Faecal Microbiota In Men And Women Over 50 Years Of Age. Br J Nutr 2012;107:1466–75. [CrossRef]
  • 38. Walton GE, Lu C, Trogh I, Arnaut F, Gibson GR. A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Study To Determine The Gastrointestinal Effects Of Consumption Of Arabinoxylanoligosaccharides Enriched Bread In Healthy Volunteers. Nutr J 2012;11:36. [CrossRef]
  • 39. Gabert L, Vors C, Louche-Pélissier C, Sauvinet V, Lambert-Porcheron S, Drai J, et al. 13C Tracer Recovery In Human Stools After Digestion Of A Fat-Rich Meal Labelled With [1, 1, 1–13C3] Tripalmitin And [1, 1, 1–13C3] Triolein. Rapid Com Mass Spect 2011;25:2697–703. [CrossRef]
  • 40. Zhang C, Zhang M, Pang X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhao L. Structural Resilience Of The Gut Microbiota In Adult Mice Under High-Fat Dietary Perturbations. ISME J 2012;6:1848–57. [CrossRef]
  • 41. Fleissner CK, Huebel N, Abd El-Bary MM, Loh G, Klaus S, Blaut M. Absence Of Intestinal Microbiota Does Not Protect Mice From DietInduced Obesity. Br J Nutr 2010;104:919–29. [CrossRef]
  • 42. Ley R, Turnbaugh P, Klein S, Gordon JI. Human Gut Microbes Associated With Obesity. Nature 2006;444:1022–3. [CrossRef]
  • 43. Schwiertz A, Taras D, Schafer K, Beijer S, Bos NA, Donus C, Hardt PD. Microbiota And SCFA In Lean And Overweight Healthy Subjects. Obesity 2009;18:190–5. [CrossRef]
  • 44. Duncan SH, Lobley GE, Holtrop G, Ince J, Johnstone AM, Louis P, Flint HJ. Human Colonic Microbiota Associated With Diet, Obesity And Weight Loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008;32:1720–4. [CrossRef]
  • 45. Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley ER, et al. A Core Gut A Microbiome In Obese And Lean Twins. Nature 2009;457:480–4. [CrossRef]
  • 46. Turnbaugh, P, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An Obesity-Associated Gut Microbiome With Increased Capacity For Energy Harvest. Nature 2006;444:1027–31. [CrossRef]
  • 47. Ley RE, Bäckhed F, Turnbaugh P, Lozupone CA, Knight RD, Gordon JI. Obesity Alters Gut Microbial Ecology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2;102:11070–5. [CrossRef]
  • 48. Zhang H, DiBaise JK, Zuccolo A, Kudrna D, Braidotti M, Yu Y, et al. Human Gut Microbiota in Obesity And After Gastric Bypass. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:2365–70. [CrossRef]
  • 49. Furet JP, Kong LC, Tap J, Poitou C, Basdevant A, Bouillot JL, et al. Differential Adaptation Of Human Gut Microbiota To Bariatric Surgery-induced Weight Loss: Links With Metabolic And Low-Grade inflammation Markers. Diabetes 2010;59:3049–57. [CrossRef]
  • 50. Satos M, Nadal I, Marti A, A Martínez, Matillas MM, Campoy C, et al. Gut Microbes And Obesity in Adolescents. Proc Nutr Soc 2008;67. [CrossRef]
  • 51. Walker A, Ince J, Duncan S, Webster LM, Holtrop G, Ze X, et al. Dominant And Diet-Responsive Groups Of Bacteria Within The Human Colonic Microbiota. ISME J 2011;5:220–230. [CrossRef]
  • 52. Santacruz A, Marcos A, Warnberg J, Martí A, Martin-Matillas M, Campoy C, et al. Interplay Between Weight Loss And Microbiota Composition In Overweight Adolescents. Obesity 2009;17:1906–15. [CrossRef]
  • 53. Nadal I, Santacruz A, Marcos A, Warnberg J, Garagorri JM, Moreno LA, et al. Shifts In Clostridia, Bacteroides And Immunoglobulin-Coating Fecal Bacteria Associated With Weight Loss In Obese Adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009;33:758–67. [CrossRef]
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Merve Deniz Demirel

Efsun Karabudak

Publication Date March 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Demirel MD, Karabudak E (March 1, 2019) Diyetin Mikrobiyotaya Etkisi ve Obeziteye Yansımaları. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 1 1–7.