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Effect of Different Youth Athlete Development Programs On Physical Fitness In Amateur Adolescent Athletes

Year 2018, Issue: 4, 424 - 431, 01.12.2018

Burcu Talu

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of two different youth athlete development programs American Academy of Pediatrics AAP and National Strength and Conditioning Association NSCA on physical fitness in amateur adolescent athletes. Study Design: Experimental Research Model Patients and Methods: The study consisted of 61 patients, aged 14-18 years, 20 girls and 41 boys. In the assessment, individuals’ personal characteristics were recorded, body fat percentage, body density was determined, variables of the EUROFIT Test Battery were used to measure physical fitness. In the study, the first group was trained according to the criteria of the AAP and the second group of the NSCA. After 8 weeks of training, the evaluations were repeated. Results: Both training programs were influential on speed, flexibility and muscular strength, only NSCA training on balance; and only AAP training program was effective on anaerobic power and muscular endurance. Comparison between groups, while NSCA was more effective on balance, AAP training program was more effective on anaerobic power. When looking at regional fat measurements, body densities and body fat percentages, at the end of the AAP program, training in men evidenced that the thigh region affected fat measurement, body fat and body fat percentage were also affected, whereas NSCA training did not affect these values. Conclusion: In the adolescents age group of young people, general exercise training may be insufficient to improve the physical fitness parameters that directed sport special, so we think that specific young athlete development programs may be more effective.

Keywords

Physical fitness adolescent exercise youth sports

References

  • Saygın Ö, Polat Y, Karacabey K. Çocuklarda Hareket Eğitiminin Fiziksel Uygunluk Özelliklerine Etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2005;19:205-12.
  • Docherty D. Measurement in Pediatric Exercise Science: Human Kinetics Champaign, IL; 1996.
  • Cardinal BJ, Powell FM, Lee M. Trends in İnternational Research Presented Through the Research Consortium of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (1965- 2008). Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009;80:454-9. [CrossRef]
  • Parkkari J, Kujala UM, Kannus P. Is it possible to prevent sports injuries? Sports medicine. 2001;31:985-95.
  • Tsigilis N, Douda H, Tokmakidis SP. Test-Retest Reliability of the Eurofit Test Battery Administered to university Students. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002;95(3 Pt 2):1295-300. [CrossRef]
  • Ziyagil M, Tamer K, Zorba E, Uzuncan S, Uzuncan H. Eurofit Test Bataryası Vasıtasıyla 10-12 Yaşları Arasındaki Erkek İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Uygunluk ve Antropometrik Özelliklerinin Yaş Gruplarına ve spor Yapma Alışkanlıklarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi. Bed Eğt Spor Bil Der. 1996;1:20-8.
  • Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, Van Sluijs E, Andersen L, Martin B. Effect of School-Based İnterventions on Physical Activity and Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Reviews and Systematic Update. British journal of sports medicine. 2011;45:923-30. [CrossRef]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Weight Training and Weight Lifting: Information for the Pediatrician. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 1983;11:157-61. [CrossRef]
  • Payne VG, Morrow JR, Jr., Johnson L, Dalton SN. Resistance Training in Children and Youth: A Meta-Analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1997;68:80-8. [CrossRef]
  • Falk B. Muscle Strength and Resistance Training in Youth--Do They Affect Cardiovascular Health? Pediatric exercise science. 2016;28:11- 5. [CrossRef]
  • Sale DG, Moroz DE, McKelvie RS, MacDougall JD, McCartney N. Effect of Training on the Blood Pressure Response to Weight Lifting. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne de Physiologie Appliquee. 1994;19:60-74.
  • Lillegard WA, Brown EW, Wilson DJ, Henderson R, Lewis E. Efficacy of Strength Training in Prepubescent to Early Postpubescent Males and Females: Effects of Gender and Maturity. Pediatric Rehabilitation. 1997;1:147-57.
  • Smith A, Andrish J, Micheli L. The Prevention of Sports İnjuries of Children and Adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1993;25(suppl 8):l-7.
  • Morris FL, Naughton GA, Gibbs JL, Carlson JS, Wark JD. Prospective Ten-Month Exercise İntervention in Premenarcheal Girls: Positive Effects on Bone and Lean Mass. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 1997;12:1453-62. [CrossRef]
  • Stephenson SH, Jolly J, Harden PM. Sports Psychology: How Can it Help the Adolescent Athlete? Seminars in Adolescent Medicine. 1987;3:205-13.
  • Shepherd R. Strength Training, Weight & Power Lifting, and Body Building by Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 1991;88:417-8.
  • Thompson PD, Arena R, Riebe D, Pescatello LS, American College of Sports M. ACSM’s New Preparticipation Health Screening Recommendations From ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Ninth Edition. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2013;12:215-7. [CrossRef]
  • Vescovi JD, Binkley HM, Kerksick CM, Committee NE. Sports Performance Graduate Program İnterest and Need Survey: a Brief Report From the NSCA Education Committee. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2004;18:383-7. [CrossRef]
  • Delorme TL, Watkins AL. Technics of Progressive Resistance Exercise. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1948;29:263-73.
  • Berger RA. Optimum Repetitions for the Development of Strength. Research Quarterly American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. 1962;33:334-8. [CrossRef]
  • Gergley JC. Comparison Of Upper And Lower-body Strength Development While Concurrently Training For Aerobic Endurance Utilizing Recumbent Cycle Ergometry: 2548 Board #71 June 3, 9: 30 AM - 11: 00 AM. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2016;48(5 Suppl 1):705. [CrossRef]
  • Vikmoen O, Raastad T, Seynnes O, Bergstrom K, Ellefsen S, Ronnestad BR. Effects of Heavy Strength Training on Running Performance and Determinants of Running Performance in Female Endurance Athletes. PloS one. 2016;11:e0150799. [CrossRef]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports M, Fitness, McCambridge TM, Stricker PR. Strength Training by Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;121:835-40. [CrossRef]
  • Faigenbaum AD, Kraemer WJ, Blimkie CJ, Jeffreys I, Micheli LJ, Nitka M, et al. Youth Resistance Training: Updated Position Statement Paper From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009;23(5 Suppl):S60-79. [CrossRef]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine. Care of the Young Athlete, 2nd Edition. Harris SS, Anderson SJ, editors 2009. 640 p.
  • Ayers SF, Sariscsany MJ. Physical education for Lifelong Fitness: The Physical Best Teacher’s Guide: Human Kinetics; 2011.
  • Szymanski DJ, Szymanski JM, Bradford TJ, Schade RL, Pascoe DD. Effect of Twelve Weeks of Medicine Ball Training on High School Baseball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007;21:894-901. [CrossRef]
  • Faigenbaum AD, Mediate P. Effects of Medicine Ball Training on Fitness Performance of High-School Physical Education Students. Physical Educator. 2006;63:160.
  • Flanagan SP, Laubach LL, De Marco GM, Jr., Alvarez C, Borchers S, Dressman E, et al. Effects of Two Different Strength Training Modes on Motor Performance in Children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2002;73:340-4. [CrossRef]
  • İri R, Sevinç H, Süel E. 12–14 yaş Grubu Çocuklara Uygulanan Futbol Beceri Antrenmanın Temel Motorik Özelliklere Etkisi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009;6:122-31.
  • Yazarer İ, Taşmektepligil M, Ağaoğlu Y, Ağaoğlu S, Albay F, Eker H. Yaz Spor Okullarında Basketbol Çalışmalarına Katılan Grupların İki Aylık Gelişmelerinin Fiziksel Yönden Değerlendirilmesi. Sportometre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2004;2:163-70.
  • Pense M, Serpek B. Determination of Physiological and Biometric Characteristics of Girl Basketball Players aged 14 and 16 using Eurofit Test Batteries. Selçuk University Journal of University Physical Education and Sports Sciences. 2010;12:191-8.
  • Eler S, Türk BSE. Yabancı Hentbolcuların Motorik ve Fizyolojik Parametrelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Gazi Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2001;6:46-8.
  • Yüksel O, Koç O, Özdilek Ç, Gökdemir K. Sürekli ve İnterval Antrenman Programlarının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Aerobik ve Anaerobik Gücüne Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2007;16:133-9.
  • Loko J, Aule R, Sikkut T, Ereline J, Viru A. Motor Performance Status in 10 to 17-Year-Old Estonian Girls. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2000;10:109-13.
  • Diallo O, Dore E, Duche P, Van Praagh E. Effects of Plyometric Training Followed by a Reduced Training Programme on Physical Performance in Prepubescent Soccer Players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2001;41:342-8.
  • Backous DD, Farrow JA, Friedl KE. Assessment of Pubertal Maturity in boys, Using Height and Grip Strength. Journal of adolescent Health Care: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 1990;11:497-500.
  • Kızılakşam E. Edirne İl Merkezi İlköğretim Okullarındaki 12-14 Yaş Grubu Aktif Olarak Spor Yapan ve Yapmayan (Beden Eğitimi Dersine Giren) Öğrencilerin Eurofit Test Bataryaları Uygulama Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması. 2006.

Amatör Adölesan Sporcularda Farklı Genç Sporcu Geliştirme Programlarının Fiziksel Uygunluk Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2018, Issue: 4, 424 - 431, 01.12.2018

Burcu Talu

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı amatör adölesan sporcularda iki farklı genç sporcu geliştirme programının [Amerika Çocuk Akademisi American Academy of Pediatrics-AAP ve Amerika Ulusal Kuvvet ve Kondüsyon Birliği National Strength and Conditioning Association-NSCA ] fiziksel uygunluk üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışma planı: Deneysel Araştırma Modeli Hastalar ve yöntemler: Çalışma, 14-18 yaş arası, 20 kız ve 41 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 61 olgu ile yapıldı. Değerlendirmede bireylerin kişisel özellikleri kaydedilip, vücut yağ yüzdesi, vücut yoğunluğu belirlendikten sonra, fiziksel uygunluğu ölçmek için ise EUROFIT Test Bataryasının Flamingo Denge Testi, Disklere Dokunma Testi, Otur Uzan Testi, Durarak Uzun Atlama Testi, Kavrama kuvveti, Mekik Testi değişkenleri kullanıldı. Çalışmada, 1. gruba American Academy of Pediatrics ve 2. gruba National Strength and Conditioning Association NSCA nın kriterlerine göre eğitim verildi. 8 haftalık eğitim sonunda değerlendirmeler tekrarlandı. Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonucunda hız, esneklik ve kassal kuvvet üzerine her iki eğitim programının da etkili olduğu, denge üzerine sadece NSCA eğitimin; anaerobik güç ve kassal dayanıklılık üzerine ise sadece AAP eğitim programın etkili olduğu bulundu. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmada denge üzerinde NSCA daha etkiliyken, anaerobik güç üzerinde AAP eğitim programının daha etkin olduğu görüldü. Bölgesel yağ ölçümleri, vücut yoğunlukları ve vücut yağ yüzdelerine bakıldığında; AAP programının eğitim sonunda erkeklerde uyluk bölgesi yağ ölçümünü etkilediği, bunun sonucunda vücut yoğunluğu ve vücut yağ yüzdesinin de etkilendiği görülürken, NSCA eğitiminin bu değerleri etkilemediği görüldü. Sonuç: Genel egzersiz eğitimlerinin adölesan yaş grubu gençlerde, yönlenilen spora özel fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerini geliştirmede yetersiz kalabileceği, bu nedenle spesifik genç sporcu geliştirme programlarının daha etkili olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

Fiziksel uygunluk adölesan egzersiz genç spor

References

  • Saygın Ö, Polat Y, Karacabey K. Çocuklarda Hareket Eğitiminin Fiziksel Uygunluk Özelliklerine Etkisi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2005;19:205-12.
  • Docherty D. Measurement in Pediatric Exercise Science: Human Kinetics Champaign, IL; 1996.
  • Cardinal BJ, Powell FM, Lee M. Trends in İnternational Research Presented Through the Research Consortium of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (1965- 2008). Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009;80:454-9. [CrossRef]
  • Parkkari J, Kujala UM, Kannus P. Is it possible to prevent sports injuries? Sports medicine. 2001;31:985-95.
  • Tsigilis N, Douda H, Tokmakidis SP. Test-Retest Reliability of the Eurofit Test Battery Administered to university Students. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002;95(3 Pt 2):1295-300. [CrossRef]
  • Ziyagil M, Tamer K, Zorba E, Uzuncan S, Uzuncan H. Eurofit Test Bataryası Vasıtasıyla 10-12 Yaşları Arasındaki Erkek İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Uygunluk ve Antropometrik Özelliklerinin Yaş Gruplarına ve spor Yapma Alışkanlıklarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi. Bed Eğt Spor Bil Der. 1996;1:20-8.
  • Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, Van Sluijs E, Andersen L, Martin B. Effect of School-Based İnterventions on Physical Activity and Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Reviews and Systematic Update. British journal of sports medicine. 2011;45:923-30. [CrossRef]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics. Weight Training and Weight Lifting: Information for the Pediatrician. The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 1983;11:157-61. [CrossRef]
  • Payne VG, Morrow JR, Jr., Johnson L, Dalton SN. Resistance Training in Children and Youth: A Meta-Analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1997;68:80-8. [CrossRef]
  • Falk B. Muscle Strength and Resistance Training in Youth--Do They Affect Cardiovascular Health? Pediatric exercise science. 2016;28:11- 5. [CrossRef]
  • Sale DG, Moroz DE, McKelvie RS, MacDougall JD, McCartney N. Effect of Training on the Blood Pressure Response to Weight Lifting. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne de Physiologie Appliquee. 1994;19:60-74.
  • Lillegard WA, Brown EW, Wilson DJ, Henderson R, Lewis E. Efficacy of Strength Training in Prepubescent to Early Postpubescent Males and Females: Effects of Gender and Maturity. Pediatric Rehabilitation. 1997;1:147-57.
  • Smith A, Andrish J, Micheli L. The Prevention of Sports İnjuries of Children and Adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1993;25(suppl 8):l-7.
  • Morris FL, Naughton GA, Gibbs JL, Carlson JS, Wark JD. Prospective Ten-Month Exercise İntervention in Premenarcheal Girls: Positive Effects on Bone and Lean Mass. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 1997;12:1453-62. [CrossRef]
  • Stephenson SH, Jolly J, Harden PM. Sports Psychology: How Can it Help the Adolescent Athlete? Seminars in Adolescent Medicine. 1987;3:205-13.
  • Shepherd R. Strength Training, Weight & Power Lifting, and Body Building by Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 1991;88:417-8.
  • Thompson PD, Arena R, Riebe D, Pescatello LS, American College of Sports M. ACSM’s New Preparticipation Health Screening Recommendations From ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Ninth Edition. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2013;12:215-7. [CrossRef]
  • Vescovi JD, Binkley HM, Kerksick CM, Committee NE. Sports Performance Graduate Program İnterest and Need Survey: a Brief Report From the NSCA Education Committee. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2004;18:383-7. [CrossRef]
  • Delorme TL, Watkins AL. Technics of Progressive Resistance Exercise. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1948;29:263-73.
  • Berger RA. Optimum Repetitions for the Development of Strength. Research Quarterly American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. 1962;33:334-8. [CrossRef]
  • Gergley JC. Comparison Of Upper And Lower-body Strength Development While Concurrently Training For Aerobic Endurance Utilizing Recumbent Cycle Ergometry: 2548 Board #71 June 3, 9: 30 AM - 11: 00 AM. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2016;48(5 Suppl 1):705. [CrossRef]
  • Vikmoen O, Raastad T, Seynnes O, Bergstrom K, Ellefsen S, Ronnestad BR. Effects of Heavy Strength Training on Running Performance and Determinants of Running Performance in Female Endurance Athletes. PloS one. 2016;11:e0150799. [CrossRef]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports M, Fitness, McCambridge TM, Stricker PR. Strength Training by Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;121:835-40. [CrossRef]
  • Faigenbaum AD, Kraemer WJ, Blimkie CJ, Jeffreys I, Micheli LJ, Nitka M, et al. Youth Resistance Training: Updated Position Statement Paper From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009;23(5 Suppl):S60-79. [CrossRef]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine. Care of the Young Athlete, 2nd Edition. Harris SS, Anderson SJ, editors 2009. 640 p.
  • Ayers SF, Sariscsany MJ. Physical education for Lifelong Fitness: The Physical Best Teacher’s Guide: Human Kinetics; 2011.
  • Szymanski DJ, Szymanski JM, Bradford TJ, Schade RL, Pascoe DD. Effect of Twelve Weeks of Medicine Ball Training on High School Baseball Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2007;21:894-901. [CrossRef]
  • Faigenbaum AD, Mediate P. Effects of Medicine Ball Training on Fitness Performance of High-School Physical Education Students. Physical Educator. 2006;63:160.
  • Flanagan SP, Laubach LL, De Marco GM, Jr., Alvarez C, Borchers S, Dressman E, et al. Effects of Two Different Strength Training Modes on Motor Performance in Children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2002;73:340-4. [CrossRef]
  • İri R, Sevinç H, Süel E. 12–14 yaş Grubu Çocuklara Uygulanan Futbol Beceri Antrenmanın Temel Motorik Özelliklere Etkisi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009;6:122-31.
  • Yazarer İ, Taşmektepligil M, Ağaoğlu Y, Ağaoğlu S, Albay F, Eker H. Yaz Spor Okullarında Basketbol Çalışmalarına Katılan Grupların İki Aylık Gelişmelerinin Fiziksel Yönden Değerlendirilmesi. Sportometre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2004;2:163-70.
  • Pense M, Serpek B. Determination of Physiological and Biometric Characteristics of Girl Basketball Players aged 14 and 16 using Eurofit Test Batteries. Selçuk University Journal of University Physical Education and Sports Sciences. 2010;12:191-8.
  • Eler S, Türk BSE. Yabancı Hentbolcuların Motorik ve Fizyolojik Parametrelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Gazi Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2001;6:46-8.
  • Yüksel O, Koç O, Özdilek Ç, Gökdemir K. Sürekli ve İnterval Antrenman Programlarının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Aerobik ve Anaerobik Gücüne Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2007;16:133-9.
  • Loko J, Aule R, Sikkut T, Ereline J, Viru A. Motor Performance Status in 10 to 17-Year-Old Estonian Girls. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2000;10:109-13.
  • Diallo O, Dore E, Duche P, Van Praagh E. Effects of Plyometric Training Followed by a Reduced Training Programme on Physical Performance in Prepubescent Soccer Players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2001;41:342-8.
  • Backous DD, Farrow JA, Friedl KE. Assessment of Pubertal Maturity in boys, Using Height and Grip Strength. Journal of adolescent Health Care: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 1990;11:497-500.
  • Kızılakşam E. Edirne İl Merkezi İlköğretim Okullarındaki 12-14 Yaş Grubu Aktif Olarak Spor Yapan ve Yapmayan (Beden Eğitimi Dersine Giren) Öğrencilerin Eurofit Test Bataryaları Uygulama Sonuçlarının Karşılaştırılması. 2006.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burcu Talu

Publication Date December 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote Talu B (December 1, 2018) Amatör Adölesan Sporcularda Farklı Genç Sporcu Geliştirme Programlarının Fiziksel Uygunluk Üzerine Etkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 4 424–431.